外研版（2019）高中英语必修第二册 Unit6 Earth first 词汇-情景破 练习（有答案）

Unit6 Earth first 词汇-情景破
知识点1 devote v.致力，献身，倾注
Now, she is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation.（教材P65）
现在，她是一位致力于海洋保护的模特兼表演艺术家。
情景导学
Facing the outbreak of the epidemic in Hebei, numerous doctors and nurses devoted themselves to combating COVID-19 once again.
面对河北疫情的暴发，无数医护人员再次投入到抗击新冠肺炎的战斗中。
You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.
你永远不会成功，除非你全身心投入到工作中。
He is respected by his students for his devotion to the cause of education.
他因对教育事业的奉献而受到学生们的尊敬。
He decided to devote the rest of his life to scientific investigation.
他决定把余生奉献给科学研究。
归纳拓展
①devote...________……把……奉献于/投入到……中
devote to某人自己献身于；某人自己致力于；某人自己专心投入于
②devoted adj.忠诚的；挚爱的；全心全意的
be devoted________（doing）sth.献身于（做）某事；致力于（做）某事；专心投入于（做）某事
③________n.关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚
链接高考
单句语法填空
1-1（2019天津，阅读表达）Because he loves the students and is devoted ________his work.
1-2（2016北京，阅读理解B）Neighbors devoted their spare time to________（help）others rebuild.
1-3 Such is their________（devote）to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.
1-4 However, instead of________（devote）themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the lifestyle to which they have so quickly become accustomed.
完成句子
1-5（2017天津，完形填空）我觉得我被赋予了另一次生命，去献身于有意义和巨大的事情。
I feel that I've been given a second life to________ ________ ________ that is meaningful and enormous.
知识点2 reserve n.（野生生物）保护区；储备（量），储藏（量）vt.预约，预订；保留
Hello from Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve（SNNR）.（教材P65）
来自三江源国家级自然保护区的问候。
情景导学
Could you help me reserve a table for 6 people tonight？
你能帮我预订一张今晚供六人用餐的桌位吗？
No matter what criticism you give me, I will accept it without reserve/reservation.
不管你批评我什么，我都会毫无保留地接受。
More and more people choose to make a reservation online before they see a doctor, which greatly saves the time of waiting in line.
越来越多的人在就诊前会选择网上预约，这极大地节省了排队等待的时间。
归纳拓展
①reserve sth. ________ sb./sth.为某人/某事预留/预订某物
②reservation n.预约，预订；保留意见；保留地
③make ________ reservation=make reservations预约，预订
without________/________毫无保留地
链接高考
单句语法填空
2-1（2020浙江，完形填空）The tractor was resting against the crash barrier in the central________（reserve）, having miraculously（奇迹般地）crossed the busy road with fast-flowing traffic.
2-2（2017江苏，阅读理解D）Having created nine such ice________（reserve）Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200, 000m3 of water.
2-3 They made________（reserve）at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine equaled a college year's monthly rent.
2-4 The power of imagination need not be reserved ________children only.
知识点3 reduce v.减少，降低
Reduce waste by choosing reusable products...（教材P66）
通过选择可重复使用的产品减少浪费……
情景导学
Though the price of the house has been reduced by 10%, we can't afford it.
尽管房价下降了l0%，但我们还是买不起。
You should reduce the spelling mistakes in your composition to zero.
你应该把作文中的拼写错误减少到零。
His life in the big city was very hard and finally he was reduced to begging for a living.
他在大城市的生活很艰难，最后沦落到以乞讨为生。
Cost reduction is an important factor in improving the state of a business.
降低成本是改善企业状况的一个重要因素。
归纳拓展
①reduce…________……减少了……（表示减少的幅度）
reduce... ________……把……减少到……（表示减少后达到的数量）；将……概括成（或简化为）……
reduce…from…to…把……从……减少到……
②be reduced________... 使变成……；使陷入（某种状态）
③________n.减少，缩小，降低
【名师，点睛】reduce意为“减少”时，同义词是decrease，反义词是increase（增加）。这两个词与reduce的用法一样，后接介词to时表示减增的结果，接介词by时表示减增的幅度。
链接高考
单句语法填空
3-1（2020天津5月，4）The company is willing to bring in the new technology if it can be shown________（reduce）production costs.
3-2（2020浙江，阅读理解B）…while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp________（reduce）in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference.
3-3（2020天津5月，阅读理解C）Fuel consumption could________（reduce）as the electric component is switched on at key parts of the journey, especially on take-off and landing.
3-4 Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and________（reduce）to ruins, the city took on a new look.
完成句子
3-5 这篇文章建议将暑假减少到4.5周。
It is suggested in the passage that the summer break________ ________ ________ 4.5 weeks.
知识点4 permission n.允许，许可
A polite interruption is usually f framed as a request for permission to interrupt someone…（教材P67）
礼貌的打断通常被表达为请求允许打断某人……
情景导学
You must ask permission for all major expenditure.
一切重大开支均须报请批准。
No reference books are to be taken out of the reading room without permission.
未经允许，任何参考书不得带出阅览室。
According to the need of epidemic prevention, no one is permitted to take the bus without wearing a mask or showing relevant certificates such as health code.
根据疫情防控的需要，不佩戴口罩和出示健康码等相关证明，任何人不允许乘坐公交车。
He has to apply for a permit, and we have to find him a job.
他必须申请一个许可证，而我们必须给他找一份工作。
归纳拓展
①ask permission for get ________
permission from得到……的许可
with/without the permission of得到/未经……的允许
permission未经允许
②permit.许可，允许，准许n.许可证
permit sb. ________sth.允许某人做某事
apply for a permit中请许可证
链接高考
单句语法填空
4-1（2019北京，阅读理解B）With her dad's________（permit）, she spent the next two years researching online and conducting trials to get a recipe that was both tasty and tooth-friendly.
4-2（2017课标全国Ⅱ，阅读理解C）The government has already permitted the company________（use）special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.
4-3（2017浙江，阅读理解C）Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant（移民）population by demanding language skills in exchange for work________（permit）, or in some cases, citizenship.
44（2016课标全国I，语法填空）I was the first Western TV reporter________（permit）to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
完成句子
4-5住在有厨房的建筑物里的学生只允许在厨房里做饭。
Students living in buildings that have kitchens________ ________ ________ ________ cook in the kitchen.
知识点5 remove v.移走，搬走，去掉；废除，取消；摘下，脱去；解除（职务）
To make sure your appliance is in fact off, remove the plug from its power supply.（教材P69）
为确保你的电器实际上关闭了，从电源上拔下插头。
情景导学
In June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the endangered species list.
2015年6月，藏羚羊被从濒危物种名单中去掉了。
Officials who abandon the frontline at critical moments will be removed from their posts on the spot.
在紧要关头从一线脱逃的官员将被就地免职。
Three children were removed from school for their bad behaviour.
三个孩子因行为不检被学校开除。
归纳拓展
①remove…________把……从……移走/去除
2remove sb. from school________
3remove sb. from sb.'s post/position________
④be far removed from.与……大相径庭
链接高考
写出remove在下列句中的含义
5-1（2020江苏，阅读理解B）About that time, Tony Inglis'engineering and transport company got the job to remove phone boxes from the streets and sell them out.（）
5-2（2019江苏，阅读理解C）What has led many 8 governments to remove necessary regulations （）
5-3（2017浙江，语法填空，★字）Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.（）
单句语法填空
5-4（2018浙江，阅读理解A）________（remove）him from the pantheon（名人）of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the Mona Lisa.
5-5（2017课标全国I，语法填空）When fat and salt________（remove）from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
知识点6 take…into account把……考虑进去
In some cases, local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away-even taking into account its transport.（教材P69）
在某些情况下，即使将运输考虑在内，本地农产品也可能比距离遥远的地方种植的农产品耗能更多，产生的温室气体也更多。
情景导学
The witness gave an account of the traffic accident to the police.
目击者向警方描述了这起交通事故。
Innocent people get into trouble on account of others' misfortune.
城门失火，殃及池鱼。
On no account should we give up the plan.
我们决不放弃这个计划。
Can you account for how the money got into your bag
你能解释钱是怎样到你包里的吗？
（21st Century Teens，2021年3月）Electricity produced by fossil fuels accounts for 70 percent of China's total power.
化石燃料产生的电力占中国总电力的70%。
归纳拓展
①account n.叙述；描写；报道；账目；账户v.认为是
②give an account_________对……进行描述
③_________account of因为，由于
④_________no account=not on any account决不；绝对不（位于句首时句子用部分倒装）
⑤take account of=take...into account考虑到
⑥account_________解释，说明；是……的原因；（数量/比例上）占……
链接高考
写出account for在下列句中的含义
6-1（2020全国I，阅读理解D）Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.（）
6-2（2020浙江，阅读理解C）The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants' overall health status.（）
单句语法填空
6-3（2019江苏，阅读理解C）The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should take people's essential needs_________ account.
6-4（2017江苏，阅读理解A）...this book also gives an account_________ the lives of lesser-known individuals including the explorer Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum.
完成句子
6-5（2019天津，12）这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，绝对不应该使用手机。
The professor warned the students that on no account_________ _________ _________ mobile phones in his class.
知识点7 concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的；关切的；有关的
We are concerned that.（教材P7l）
我们担心……
情景导学
Many people are concerned about the security of online transactions.很多人都担心网上交易的安全性。
You should try to avoid the questions which are concerned with personal income, religion, etc.
你应该努力避开与个人收入、宗教信仰等有关的问题。
As far as I am concerned, both health and wealth are important to our life.
依我看，健康和财富对我们的生活都很重要。
There is growing concern about the harmful effects of unhealthy online information on the development of young people.
人们越来越担心不健康的网络信息对青少年成长的不利影响。
All cases concerning children are dealt with in a special children's court.
所有涉及儿童的案件均由儿童特别法庭审理。
归纳拓展
①be concerned________担心……，关心……。
be concerned________ sth.与某事有关，与某事有牵连；关心……
as far as I am concerned________
②concern n.[U]担心；关切[C]关心的事vt.涉及；关系到；使担忧
concern________...对……的担忧
③________prep.关于；有关；涉及
【名师，点睛】concerned用作前置定语时，表示“焦急的；担忧的”；用作后置定语时，表示“有关的；有牵连的”。
链接高考
单句语法填空
7-1（2020全国Ⅲ，短文改错）My mom is really________（concern）with the health of everyone in our family.
7-2（2018江苏，阅读理解B）It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned________ 'bad' tables, "given that they're profitable.
7-3 As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can get hold of________（concern）music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.
7-4 Besides giving effective help to the countries________（concern）, there is also the build-up of friendships to consider.
完成句子
7-5（2016课标全国Ⅱ，七选五）其他人则担心使用需要更少水和肥料的园艺方法。
Others________ ________ ________ using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers.
7-6在我们看来，公众演讲基本上没有一定要遵守的规则。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking.
知识点8 contribute v.促成，造成（某事发生）；捐赠，捐献；（为报纸、杂志、电台或电视节目）撰稿
Look at the three items that contribute to a carbon footprint.（教材P72）
看看造成碳足迹的三条事项。
情景导学
I believe that every Chinese can contribute to the China Dream.
我相信每一个中国人都能够为中国梦做出贡献。
What impressed me most was that a farmer in Shandong contributed all the vegetables in his field to Wuhan people.
最让我印象深刻的是，山东的一位农民把地里所有的蔬菜都捐给了武汉人民。
Older people are important contributors to the economy.
老一辈人为发展经济作出了重要贡献。
（China Daily，2021年3月）China and the other coastal states have made positive contributions to maintaining the security of navigation in the South China Sea.
中国和其他沿岸国家为维护南海航行安全做出了积极贡献。
归纳拓展
①contribute________促成，造成；有助于；增进；为……做出贡献
contribute...to...向……捐赠……
②contribution n.捐款；贡献；稿件
make contributions/a contribution________为……做出贡献
③________n.捐助者；投稿人，撰稿者：促成因素，原因
链接高考
写出contribute to在下列句中的含义
8-1（2020天津，完形填空）…loneliness is a serious social problem that can contribute to depression and even crimes，but it can be prevented in a clever way.（）
8-2（2018天津，阅读理解C）3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution.（）
8-3（2017北京，完形填空）She began to host "Big Bosses" lunches, where she would try to persuade local business leaders to contribute to the cause.（）
单句语法填空
8-4（2018江苏，任务型阅读）No doubt the theater has contributed ________the area's development and economic growth.
8-5（2016课标全国I，阅读理解A）Who made a great________（contribute）to the civil-rights movement in the U.S.
同义句转换
8-6（2017江苏，23）...Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
→...Jiangsu will________ ________ ________ ________ the Belt and Road construction.
参考答案：
知识点1
①to; oneself
②to
③devotion
1-1 to考查介词。句意：因为他爱学生，并且专心投入于自己的工作。be devoted to sth.意为“专心投入于某事”，故本空应用介词to。
1-2 helping考查动名词。句意：邻居们把他们的业余时间投入到帮助别人重建（家园）上了。devote…to...意为“把……奉献于/投入到……中”，其中to为介词，故本空应用动名词形式。
1-3 devotion考查名词。句意：不仅是兵蚁，工蚁也会牺牲自己的生命来帮助打败敌人，这就是它们对集体共同利益的奉献。根据空前形容词性物主代词their可知，本空应用名词形式。
1-4 devoting考查动名词。句意：然而，他们发现自己工作是为了维持自己这么快就习惯了的生活方式，而并非专心地投入到工作中。根据空前的instead of可知，本空应用动名词形式。
1-5 devote to something
知识点2
①for
②a; reservation; reserve
2-1 reservation考查名词。句意：拖拉机停靠在中央隔离带的防撞护栏上，奇迹般地穿越了那条车流如水的繁忙道路。本空在句中被central修饰，故应填名词，central reservation意为“中央隔离带”。
2-2 reserves考查名词复数。本句中reserve用作名词，意为“储备（量）；储藏（量）”，是可数名词根据空前的nine可知本空应用名词复数形式。
2-3 reservations考查名词复数。句意：他们在餐厅订了座位，在那一瓶葡萄酒的价格相当于大学一年的月租。本空在句中作动词made的宾语，故应用名词reservation，其前没有冠词a，故本空应填复数形式。
2-4 for考查介词。句意：想象的力量不需要只留给孩子们。reserve sth. for sb.意为“为某人预留某物”，此处为被动语态，故本空应用介词for。
知识点3
①by; to
②to
③reduction
3-1 to reduce考查非谓语动词。句意：如果这项新技术被证明能降低生产成本，公司愿意引进它。be shown to do sth.被证明做某事，故填to reduce。
3-2 reduction考查名词。句意：虽然智能（信号）灯对一些城市特别有益，但在其他交通拥堵非常严重的城市，只有大幅减少道路上的汽车数量才会产生有意义的影响。本空在句子中被sharp修饰，故应填名词reduction。
3-3 be reduced考查动词的语态。句意：在飞行的关键部分，特别是起飞和降落时，电子元件的开启可以降低燃油消耗。根据句意，燃油消耗是被降低，故应用被动语态。
3-4 being reduced考查动名词。此处与动名词短语suffering from…并列，作介词after的宾语，故设空处应用动名词形式：be reduced to…意为“使变成……；使陷入（某种状态）”，故本空应填being reduced。
3-5 be reduced to
知识点4
①为……请求许可；without
②to do
4-1 permission考查名词。句意：在她父亲的允许下，她花了接下来的两年时间在网上研究并进行试验，以得到一个既美味又对牙齿好的食谱。根据介词With可知，设空处作宾语补足语，故本空应用名词permission“允许，许可”。
4-2 to use考查不定式。句意：政府已经允许这家公司使用特殊材料，以使车辆更容易飞行。permit sb./sth.to do sth.意为“允许某人/某物做某事”，故本空应用不定式。
4-3 permits考查名词复数。结合语境及空前的work可知，本空中permit意为“许可证”，为可数名词。空前无冠词，故本空应用名词复数形式。
4-4 permitted考查过去分词。TV reporter和动词permit之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故本空应用过去分词作定语。
4-5 are only permitted to
知识点5
①from
②勒令某人退学
③解除某人的职务
5-1拆除，移走
句意：大约在那个时候，托尼·英格利斯的工程和运输公司得到了一项将街上的公用电话亭移走并卖掉的任务。
5-2废除，取消
句意：是什么使许多政府取消了必要的法规？
5-3摘下，脱去
句意：16年前，Pahlsson曾摘下钻石戒指去做饭。
5-4 Removing考查动名词。分析句子结构可知________（remove）him from the pantheon（名人堂）of English literature在句中作主语，故本空应用动名词形式。remove…from...表示“把……从……移走”。
5-5 are removed考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：将脂肪和盐分从食物中去除后，食物尝起来就好像缺失了什么东西。结合语境可知，状语从句中用一般现在时，fat and salt作主语，谓语动词用复数，主语与remove之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。
知识点6
②of
③on
④on
⑥for
6-1（数量/比例上）占……句意：照明用电大约占美国总用电量的7%。
6-2解释，说明句意：即使在科学家解释了参与者的整体健康状况后，这个结果仍然成立。
6-3 into考查介词。句意：第4段中的例子表明，捐赠者应考虑到人们的基本需求。take...into account意为“把……考虑进去”，故本空应用介词into。
6-4 of考查介词。此处表示“这本书还描述了一些不太知名的人的生活”，give an account of意为“对……进行描述”，故本空应用介词of。
6-5 should they use
知识点7
①about; with; 在我看来，就我而言
②about
③concerning
7-1 concerned考查形容词。句意：我妈妈真的很关心我们家每个人的健康。be concerned with..在本句中意为“关心……”，故本空应用形容词concerned。
7-2 about考查介词。句意：可以得出这样的结论：餐厅老板不需要“过分担心‘差的’餐位”，鉴于它们是能带来利润的。be concerned about意为“担心……”，故本空应用介词about。
7-3 concerning考查介词。句意：作为一名草根歌手，她读了她能找到的一切与音乐有关的东西，还利用每个机会提高自己。根据句意可知，本空应用介词concerning“关于；有关；涉及”。
7-4 concerned考查形容词。此处表示“除了给有关国家提供有效的帮助”本空作后置定语，修饰名词countries，故应用形容词concerned“有关的”。
7-5 are concerned about
7-6 As far as we're concerned
知识点8
①to
②to
③contributor
8-1 造成，促成
句意：孤独是一个严重的社会问题，会导致抑郁，甚至犯罪，但它可以通过一种聪明的方式来预防。
8-2 有助于
句意：3D食品打印技术可能有助于这一解决方案。
8-3捐助，为……做出贡献
句意：她开始举办“大老板”午餐会，在那儿她会试图说服当地商业领袖捐助这项事业。
8-4 to考查介词。句意：毫无疑问，这家剧院为该地区的发展和经济增长做出了贡献。contribute to意为“为……做出贡献”，故本空应用介词to。
8-5 contribution考查名词。句意：谁为美国的民权运动做出了巨大贡献？根据空前冠词a及形容词great可知，本空应用名词contribution“贡献”。make a contribution to意为“为……做出贡献”。
8-6 make more contributions to
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