卷子答案网-一个不只有答案的网站上海市行知中学2023学年第一学期第二次月考
高一年级英语学科试卷
（试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟）
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Mary has lost the photo album. B. It’s difficult to take photos indoors.
C. The photo album is in the living room. D. Mary is a good photographer.
2. A. The job’s short hours made it impossible for her to refuse.
B. The job was turning into an excellent opportunity for her.
C. She was looking forward to meeting her new colleagues.
D She refused the position because of the low pay.
3. A. Take the man to the station. B. Look after the man’s things.
C. Find out when the next bus leaves. D. Show the man the way to the station.
4. A. He knows the whole vocabulary list already.
B. He has to do what is necessary in order to learn.
C. He doesn’t have to memorize all the vocabulary.
D. He may not be able to learn much by memorizing.
5. A. He hasn’t time to try it on. B. It doesn’t fit him very well.
C. It needs ironing to look great. D. He’s not sure if he likes the pattern.
6. A. He’s too busy to go to the concert. B. There is a long line before the ticket office.
C. Carl already knows the concert is at eight. D. He hasn’t been able to reach Carl.
7. A. There are different kinds of folders. B. This decision requires careful thought.
C. It doesn’t matter which folder she uses. D. The color of the folder suggests the content.
8. A. He would be happy to meet Andrew.
B. He expected to see Andrew at the airport.
C. Andrew is glad he has moved away from the airport.
D. Andrew should have known the apartment would be noisy.
9. A. It’s closed on Mondays. B. It’s not a good workplace.
C. It’s supposed to be open now. D. It’s locked up after 10:00.
10. A. See the show some other night B. Eat dinner after the show.
C. Take a taxi to save time. D. Walk to the theatre.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages. After each conversation or passage, you will be asked several questions. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Their project has lasted for a year.
B. Their project is a part of their research.
C. They were born and bred in New York.
D. They liked to talk to strangers when young.
12. A. Ambitious. B. Well-prepared. C. Creative. D. Difficult.
13. A. Two psychologists conduct field research on New York streets.
B. Two young men listen to people and give them their suggestions.
C. Two psychologists help solve people’s problems with what they learn.
D. Two young people encourage people to talk to them, believing it can help.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. The loss of their careers. B. The passing away of their friends.
C. The failing of their memory. D. The decline of their physical health.
15. A. Both depend on genes. B. Both need some kind of exercise.
C. Both have connections with thinking. D. Both can be enhanced without efforts.
16. A. It records users’ progress. B. It varies users’ muscle use.
C. It offers users medical advice. D. It encourages users to give feedback.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. She has to study. B. She has to work.
C. She has an appointment. D. She has an interview to go to.
18. A. Assistant manager. B. Accountant. C. Sales manager. D. Bank clerk.
19. A. McDonald’s. B. Johnson’s.
C. A construction company. D. A finance company.
20. A. Stop working between August and September.
B. Take more responsibility in her current job.
C. Change her major from accounting to management.
D. Apply for a new job in his father’s company.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Health Warning as UK Swelters
People across the UK have enjoyed the sunshine this week, but they have also been advised to be careful as a heat wave hits much of the country.
A heat wave is defined ___1___ a period of hot weather where temperatures are higher than is expected for the time of year. They usually happen in summer.
However, climate change (long-term changes to weather patterns, mostly ___2___ (cause) by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, farming and cutting down forests) is increasing the chance of heat waves happening and making then more extreme. The current hot weather is even ___3___ (much) extreme in some European countries — temperatures in southern Spain have reached 46℃.
Heat waves can be a danger to people’s health, especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children and people ___4___ certain health conditions. However, anyone ___5___ suffer from the effects of extreme heat, including dehydration (not having enough water) and heatstroke (a condition caused by the body overheating). A group of leading UK scientists have recommended that heat waves ___6___ (name) in order to raise awareness of the health risks.
The Met Office, the UK’s national weather service, has issued an amber warning. Temperatures are expected ___7___ (rise) to 35℃, and there have been predictions ___8___ the record for the UK’s hottest day could be broken. Government officials have met to discuss whether to introduce a heat wave emergency.
To cope with hot weather, the NHS (National Health Service) says people should try to keep out of the Sun between 11 am and 3 pm, ___9___ temperatures are at their highest and the sun is strongest. Make sure you wear a hat, ____10____ (apply) sunscreen under the sunlight and drink plenty of water. If you are swimming outdoors to cool down, make sure you’re with a trusted adult and follow local safety advice.
【答案】1. as 2. caused
3. more 4. with
5. can 6. be named
7. to rise 8. that
9. when 10. apply
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。是英国极端高温天气的预警，介绍了天气现状、危害和应对高温的措施。
【1题详解】
考查介词。句意：热浪被定义为一段时间的炎热天气，气温高于一年中预期的时间。它们通常发生在夏天。此处介绍热浪的定义，be defined as意为被定义为。故填as。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，气候变化（天气模式的长期变化，主要是由人类活动，如燃烧化石燃料、耕种和砍伐森林引起的）正在增加热浪发生的机会，并使其更加极端。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入非谓语动词，句子的逻辑主语与动词之间为动宾关系，因此需要使用过去分词表示被动；此处指的是由人类引起的活动。故填caused。
【3题详解】
考查比较急。句意：在一些欧洲国家，目前的炎热天气甚至更为极端——西班牙南部的气温已达到46摄氏度。even修饰比较级，extreme为多音节单词，所以其比较级为more extreme。故填more。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意：热浪可能对人们的健康构成威胁，特别是对老年人、儿童和有某些健康状况的人等弱势群体。此处指的是热浪可能对人们的健康构成威胁，通过常识可知，对健康威胁的一般为老年人、儿童或者是有健康状况的弱势群体。所以空格处表示“具有”，with介词意为具有。故填with。
【5题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：然而，任何人都可能遭受极端高温的影响，包括脱水（没有足够的水）和中暑（由身体过热引起的一种情况）。分析句子结构可知，句子的谓语动词为suffer，故此空位置应填助动词或情态动词。根据上文“Heat waves can be a danger to people's health”使用情态动词can表示推测“可能”，此处也应该使用can表示肯定的推测。故填can。
【6题详解】
考查虚拟语气。句意：一群英国顶尖科学家建议给热浪命名，以提高人们对健康风险的认识。recommend表示“推荐”时加宾语从句，从句的谓语动词为(should)+动词原形；本句中热浪为被名词，所以使用被动语态，should可以省略，所以为be named。故填be named。
【7题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：气温预计将升至35℃，有预测称，英国最热的一天可能会被打破。be expected to do sth.预计……；此处表示“气温预计上升”。故填to rise。
【8题详解】
考查同位语从句。句意：气温预计将升至35℃，有预测称，英国最热的一天可能会被打破。空格处位于名词之后，对名词进一步解释，所以为同位语从句，从句成分完整。故填that。
9题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：为了应对炎热的天气，英国国家医疗服务体系(NHS)表示，人们应该在上午11点到下午3点之间尽量远离太阳，这段时间温度最高，太阳也最强。分析句意可知，此处引导非限定性定语句，修饰先行词“between 11am and 3pm，上午11点到下午3点之间”，在从句中作时间状语。故填when。
【10题详解】
考查一般现在时。句意：一定要戴帽子，在阳光下涂防晒霜，多喝水。空格处与wear并列，所以为一般现在时。故填apply。
Section B
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze
Golden Rules of Good Design
What makes good design Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to ___11___the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.
Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary ___12___
More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is ___13___design. Post-Modernist designers began to ___14___with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen ___15___such as ovens and kettles.
Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is ___16___. For example, think of a(n) ___17___desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to ___18___light where it is needed.
Form follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into ___19___ the sensory side of our nature——sight, smell touch and taste. These are as important as rational. When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciated a cool-looking device that allows us to easily ___20___the toothpaste onto our brush.
【答案】11. D 12. E 13. J 14. G 15. C 16. H 17. B 18. F 19. A 20. K
【解析】
【导语】本文属于说明文，文章介绍了优秀的设计应遵循的四个黄金规则。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：多年以来，设计师和艺术家一直都在努力搞清楚好的设计的本质。这里空处与其前的to构成不定式，需要一个动词，而其宾语为the essentials，结合下一句中“help people understand the ideas of good design(帮助人们理解优秀设计的构想)”可知，应用动词capture表示“刻画，描述”。故选D。
【12题详解】
考查名词。句意：设计应该避免不必要的装饰物。本段的主题Less is more倡导装修设计的简约化，空处在句中作为动词avoid的宾语，需要一个名词，应用decorations表示“装饰”。故选E。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果简约化做得不好，结果就是设计失去了灵魂。本段的主题More is not a bore指不要刻意追求简约，适当的丰富也是优秀设计的一部分。空处在句中做定语修饰名词design，根据前半句条件状语从句“if simplicity is done badly”可知一味追求简约反而会适得其反，应用soulless表示“没有灵魂的”。故选J。
【14题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：后现代主义设计师们再一次开始试验装饰和颜色。空处与其前的to构成不定式，需要一个动词，其后搭配介词with，结合本段主题和句意推知，这里要表达设计师们重新开始重视设计内容的丰富，应用动词短语experiment with表示“试用，用……做实验”。故选G。
【15题详解】
考查名词。句意：产品设计深受这一观点影响，在诸如烤箱、水壶等厨房电器中可见一斑。该词可由such as后面列举的例子“ovens and kettles”推断，即指厨房电器，应用名词appliance表示“电器，电器工具”。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查形容词。句意：对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。本段主题Fitness for purpose表示符合目的的才是最合适的。空处在宾语从句中作表语，该句要表达对于客户来说最重要的结果，结合本段主题应当指产品效果达到了预期，应用形容词intended表示“预期的”。故选H。
【17题详解】
考查形容词。句意：例如，考虑一个可调节台灯。这里与后句中“regular adjustments by the user”形成呼应，空处作为定语修饰名词desk lamp，应用形容词adjustable表示“可调节的（台灯）”。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查动词。句意：最重要的是，它需要对准需要光线的地方。该句与前两句都在描述设计可调节台灯需要考虑的用户需求，空处与其前的to构成不定式，需要一个动词，其宾语为light，而light后则使用了关系副词where引导的定语从句，应用direct表示“把（光）对准（需要照射的地方）”。故选F。
【19题详解】
考查动词短语。句意：他认为设计必须要把自然的知觉考虑在内，如视觉、嗅觉、触觉和味觉。此处符合动词短语take...into account，意为“把……考虑在内”。故选A。
【20题详解】
考查动词。句意：在选择牙膏这样的日用品时，我们很喜欢一个外表酷炫的装置，能让我们很容易地把牙膏挤到我们的牙刷上。空处与其前的to构成不定式，需要一个动词，其宾语为the toothpaste，且其后有onto our brush，显然指把牙膏挤到牙刷上，应用动词squeeze表示“挤压”。故选K。
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. It is impossible to ___21___ on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.
Rainforests have ___22___ over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and ___23___ renewable natural resources that for an immeasurably long period of time, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have ___24___ a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. ___25___, the inner dynamics (动力学；相互作用的方式) of a tropical rainforest is a complex and fragile system. Everything is so ___26___ that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to ___27___ forever.
The scale of human ___28___ on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen — at a cost to our ___29___. In 2001, The World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat, and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2025, increasing irrigation water demands by 50% or more. They further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050; ____30____, it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the most part of the world’s demand for wood.
In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in ____31____. In fewer than fifty years, about half of the world’s tropical rainforests have fallen ____32____ to fire or deforestation, and the rate of destruction is still ____33____. Unbelievably, more than 200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more than 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is severely ____34____ as the destruction continues. If nothing is done to control this ____35____, the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming.
21.
A. establish B. claim C. capture D. prove
22.
A. extended B. evolved C. expanded D. resolved
23
A. energizing B. healing C. isolating D. breathing
24.
A. destroyed B. contributed C. reduced D. affected
25.
A. However B. Furthermore C. Therefore D. Otherwise
26.
A. active B. positive C. interdependent D. dominant
27.
A. restore B. support C. relieve D. last
28.
A. pressure B. resources C. concern D. strengths
29.
A. existence B. ecosystem C. species D. survival
30.
A. unfortunately B. consequently C. naturally D. similarly
31.
A. store B. food C. smoke D. wealth
32.
A. subject B. down C. apart D. victim
33.
A. running out B. going up C. holding back D. falling down
34.
A. released B. revealed C. threatened D. boosted
35.
A. trend B. practice C. intention D. attitude
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。雨林生态系统经过几百万年的进化变成了现在这么复杂的系统，为生活在它庇佑下的人们提供食物、衣料、住宿、燃料、工业原料等等。但是这个系统也很脆弱，环环相扣，随着人类对环境系统的破坏，它正在以惊人的速度消失。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：用电影捕捉它、用文字描述它或向没有去过雨林深处体验过这种令人惊叹的经历的人解释它几乎是不可能的。A. establish建立；B. claim宣称，要求；C. capture捕获；D. prove证明。根据前文“The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable.”可知，原始雨林的美丽、雄伟和永恒是无法形容的，这句话强调电影无法捕捉到雨林的美和神秘。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨林进化了几百万年才变成现在这样不可思议复杂的环境系统。A. extended延伸；B. evolved进化；C. expanded展开；D. resolved解决。根据后文“turn into”可知，这里指的是雨林的进化过程。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词和形容词词义辨析。句意：雨林是一个有生命和呼吸的可再生自然资源库，由于其丰富的动植物物种，在无限长的一段时间内为人类的生存和福祉贡献了丰富的资源。A. energizing激励，使充满热情；B. healing痊愈中的；C. isolating孤立的；D. breathing呼吸的。根据空前“and”可知，此处和“living”是并列关系，指的是活着的，有生命的。D项breathing “呼吸”符合语境。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：雨林是一个有生命和呼吸的可再生自然资源库，由于其丰富的动植物物种，在无限长的一段时间内为人类的生存和福祉贡献了丰富的资源。A. destroyed摧毁；B. contributed贡献；C. reduced减少；D. affected影响。根据后文的“a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind”可知，雨林为人类提供了资源，做出了贡献。故选B项。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，热带雨林的内部动力系统是一个很复杂的，也很脆弱的系统。A. However然而；B. Furthermore此外；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。根据前文的“These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest.”（这些资源包括所有生活在雄伟森林中的人的基本食物、衣服、住所、燃料、香料、工业原材料和药品。）和后文的“Everything is so ___6___ that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole.”（一切都是如此……，破坏一部分就会导致不可预知的损坏或甚至整个森林的毁坏）可知，上下文是转折关系。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一切都是如此相互依赖的，破坏一部分就会导致不可预知的损坏或甚至整个森林的毁坏。A. active主动的；B. positive积极的；C. interdependent相互依存的；D. dominant占主导地位的。根据后文的“upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole.”可知，雨林中的一切都是相互依赖的。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人悲伤的是，人类只花了一个世纪的时间就破坏了大自然设计的永恒。A. restore恢复；B. support支持；C. relieve缓解；D. last持续。根据句意可知，大自然几百万年来进化成的生态系统本是可以持续永远的，却被人类破坏了。故选D项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几十年间，人类对各地生态系统的压力已经大大地增加。A. pressure压力；B. resources资源；C. concern关注；D. strengths优点。根据后文“Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent”（自1980年以来，全球经济规模增加了两倍，世界人口增长了30%）可知，人类对生态系统的压力也相应增加。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：地球上一切事物的消耗都增加了——以我们的生态环境为代价。A. existence存在；B. ecosystem生态系统；C. species种类；D. survival幸存。根据前文“The scale of human ___8___ on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades.”可知，此空格与段落首句中的ecosystem呼应。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸地是，依然是地球上的热带雨林来提供世界上大量的木头需求。A. unfortunately不幸地；B. consequently因此；C. naturally自然地；D. similarly类似地。根据段落内容，人口增加了，对木头需求的压力依然落在热带雨林，这是很不幸地。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，一半多的雨林已经像烟一样消失了。A. store商店；B. food食物 ；C. smoke烟雾；D. wealth钱财。根据下文“about half of the world’s tropical rainforests have fallen ___12___ to fire or deforestation”可知，一半多的雨林消失了，固定短语go up in smoke“像烟一样一下子就消失了”。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查名词和副词词义辨析。句意：在不到50年的时间里，世界上大约一半的热带雨林成为火灾或森林砍伐的受害者，而且破坏速度仍然很快。A. subject主题；B. down向下；C. apart分开；D. victim受害者。根据下文“deforestation”可知，森林被破坏，成为人类发展的牺牲品。固定短语fall victim to“成为……的牺牲品”，故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：在不到50年的时间里，世界上大约一半的热带雨林成为火灾或森林砍伐的受害者，而且破坏速度仍然很快。A. running out用完；B. going up上升；C. holding back抑制；D. falling down跌倒。根据下文“Unbelievably, more than 200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more than 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone”（令人难以置信的是，每天有超过20万英亩的雨林被烧毁。每天每分钟损失150多英亩，每年损失7800万英亩！超过20%的亚马逊雨林已经消失）可知，森林的破坏速度在上升。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：超过20%的亚马逊雨林已经消失，随着破坏的继续，更多的雨林受到严重威胁。A. released释放；B. revealed揭示；C. threatened威胁；D. boosted增强，促进。根据下文“as the destruction continues”可知，雨林会受到更多的威胁。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果什么都不做去控制这种趋势，整个亚马逊森林会在50年内消失。A. trend趋势；B. practice实践；C. intention意图；D. attitude态度。根据前文“More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is severely ___14___ as the destruction continues.”（超过20%的亚马逊雨林已经消失，随着破坏的继续，更多的雨林受到严重威胁）可知，这是一种很严重的趋势。故选A项。
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Seasickness and sunburn. Taking care of old people in different situations. My medical friends did their best to persuade me. Everyone said that running away to sea would ruin my career. But after five sleep-deprived (睡眠不足的) years working as a junior doctor, I was willing to take the risk.
Hungry for adventure, I boarded a bright white ship in Singapore. With 2,000 passengers and crew, she was the size of a small town.
To my relief, the hospital was well equipped, with an X-ray machine and a blood analyzer.
That first cruise (航行) was a learning experience, a tight schedule full of safety drills (演习). There was so much new information to take in. Even remembering which of the uniforms to wear each day was a challenge. Most confusing, I often forgot to change my clock when the ship crossed time zones.
As a doctor, I was responsible for the 600 crew including waiters, engineers, cooks and navigators (领航员), and I was on call (随时待命的) for the entire ship.
Far from treating seasickness and sunburn, as I’d been warned, my patients were wide and varied. The ship’s medical center was essentially a floating emergency room, but we didn’t have a team of specialists on hand for a second opinion. With long and unpredictable hours, it required mental toughness.
As you can guess, many of the passengers were elderly. Heart attacks don’t care about geography and emergency evacuations (疏散) were difficult to arrange.
I recall one such patient, who was taken off the ship on a stretcher (担架) halfway through the Panama Canal. After a terrifying ride in the back of an old ambulance, I was relieved that the patient survived long enough to arrive at the hospital in Panama City.
Thankfully, there were several unexpected benefits to the job. I regularly enjoyed the passenger facilities, including the gym, spa and deck buffet (甲板自助餐). I even hosted my own table of passengers in the evenings. On rare days off, I volunteered as a tour guide on trips ashore (在陆地). I got to fly over Alaska in a seaplane and watched a ballet in St Petersburg.
I now understand that being a cruise ship doctor is not a job — it’s a way of life.
One year at sea became two. I lost my career ambitions, but I redefined happiness in my life.
36. What can we know about the author’s first cruise
A. She missed her job as a doctor. B. She enjoyed a relaxing lifestyle.
C. She had to learn a lot of things. D. She often felt confused about her job duties.
37. Why does the author mention the patient who was sent to the hospital in Panama City
A. To tell that it was difficult to look after old patients.
B. To prove that being a cruise ship doctor is more tiring.
C. To stress the importance of a well-equipped hospital on the ship.
D. To show it was challenging to handle emergency situations on the ship.
38. What is Paragraph 9 mainly about
A. The author’s experience as a tour guide.
B. The advantages of being a cruise ship doctor.
C. The loneliness of being the ship’s only doctor.
D. Various facilities for passengers on the cruise ship.
39. What does the author think of her experience as a cruise ship doctor
A. It was too stressful to tolerate.
B. It helped her build a better career.
C. It changed her understanding of happiness.
D. It provided opportunities to make more friends.
【答案】36. C 37. D 38. B 39. C
【解析】
【分析】本文为记叙文。作为一名初级医生的作者不听医学朋友的劝告，做了游轮上的医生。游轮上的工作让作者受益匪浅，也改变了作者对幸福的理解。
36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的That first cruise (航行) was a learning experience, a tight schedule full of safety drills (演习). There was so much new information to take in. Even remembering which of the uniforms to wear each day was a challenge.可知，第一次巡航是一次学习的经历，紧张的行程中充满了安全演习。有太多的新信息需要了解。甚至每天要记住穿哪种制服都是一个挑战。由此可知，作者第一次航行要学会了许多东西。故选C。
【37题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段中的Heart attacks don’t care about geography and emergency evacuations (疏散) were difficult to arrange.(心脏病不关心地理和紧急疏散很难安排)，接着在第八段被举例被送到巴拿马城医院的病人来说明这种紧急处理有很大的难度。故选D。
【38题详解】
主旨大意题。主旨句是第九段的第一句Thankfully, there were several unexpected benefits to the job.可知，这份工作有几个意想不到的好处。接着下文对这主题句提出的好处进行详细的说明。由此可知，第九段主要叙述了作为游轮医生的优势。故选B。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的One year at sea became two. I lost my career ambitions, but I redefined happiness in my life.可知，海上的一年变成了两年。我没有了我的职业抱负，但我重新定义了我生活中的幸福。由此可知，作者在游轮上的工作，让她改变了对生活的理解。故选C。
【点睛】每一个段落都会有一它的段落大意。此题型要求考生在理解文章后归纳文章段落的要点，概括一段的中心思想。一般地说，找出主题句，抓住文章主线和关键词语，就能归纳一段的中心。每一段的主旨句一般在各段开头。找出主题句，抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心。要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。
如第3小题属于主旨大意题。主旨句是第九段的第一句Thankfully, there were several unexpected benefits to the job.可知，这份工作有几个意想不到的好处。接着下文对这主题句提出的好处进行详细的说明。由此可知，第九段主要叙述了作为游轮医生的优势。故选B。
B
Are You a Moring Person
Mornings are not for everyone. Knowing that our own bodies may be wired to prefer a certain time of day is certainly a relief. But many of us still have to wake up and function during those first daylight hours. So what can you do
We tapped a variety of experts - from sleep experts to nutritionists to life organizational pros (生活管理达人) — to share their tricks on how to make morning less stressful and more pleasant for even the most after-hours of night owls.
1. Night waking
Poor sleep quality can explain why we sometimes wake up from eight hours of snoozing and feel like we only clocked in at four. “It’s normal to have one or two awakenings, but more than that leaves us feeling groggy (昏昏沉沉) in the morning because of the fragmented sleep,” explains Shelby Harris, director of the behavioral sleep medicine program at Montefiore Medical Center.
2. The Science of snoozing
The snooze button does more harm than good. Nodding off again sends you into a light and fragmented sleep! Multiple snoozes can leave you feeling groggier than just getting out of bed the first time. Instead, be honest about the time you intend to get up and then enjoy every last minute of sleep, so you can wake up alert and ready to go.
3. Don’t ease into your workday
It can be tempting to plow through the easy things early on—checking e-mail, scanning the headlines—but it’s wise to tackle the bigger stuff first. “Getting to work on the most important tasks not only ups the chances that they actually get done, but it also leaves you with a burst of accomplishment to take with you the rest of the day,” says Jason Selk, coauthor of Organize Tomorrow Today.
4. Save social media for later
Schedule a social media block later in the afternoon to check in when you’re likely to need a break anyway, and save the morning for the important stuff.
40. What’s the purpose of the passage
A. To help us to get the most out of our mornings.
B. To relieve us from the guilt of multiple snoozes in the morning.
C. To warn us of the harm of not getting out of bed immediately.
D. To inform us about the fact that our bodies are wired to prefer a certain time of day.
41. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. One or two awakenings ensure us a good night’s sleep.
B. To be an early bird, better forget about the snooze button.
C. It’s important not to block social medium if you want to save your morning.
D. Beginning a day with easy things aroused our interest and a sense of accomplishment.
42. Where can we find the passage
A. Classified Advertisement B. Travel Brochure
C. Life and Study D. Scientific Journal
【答案】40. A 41. B 42. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了如何让人们早晨的压力更小、更愉快，以便更能充分利用早晨。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“to share their tricks on how to make morning less stressful and more pleasant for even the most after-hours of night owls (分享他们的诀窍，如何让即使是最晚下班的夜猫子也能减轻早晨的压力，让早晨更愉快)”可知，这篇文章的目的是帮助我们充分利用早晨。故选A。
【41题详解】
细节理解题。文章The Science of snoozing讲到“The snooze button does more harm than good. Nodding off again sends you into a light and fragmented sleep (小睡按钮弊大于利。再次打瞌睡会让你进入一种轻微的、支离破碎的睡眠)”可知，打盹按弊大于利最好不要小睡。所以B选项“作为一个早起的人，最好忘记打盹的按钮。”正确。故选B。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。短文介绍了如何让人们早晨的压力更小、更愉快，以便更能充分利用早晨。文章第二段讲到“But many of us still have to wake up and function during those first daylight hours. We tapped a variety of experts – from sleep experts to nutritionists to life organizational pros (但我们中的许多人仍然必须在最初的白天醒来并正常工作。我们聘请了各种各样的专家—从睡眠专家到营养学家，再到生活组织专家)”可知，所以这篇短文是关于生活，工作和学习类的短文。故判断出我们可以在“生活和学习”中找到这篇短文。故选C。
C
We all have a tendency to fake laugh, particularly when authority figures in our lives try to make a joke that just doesn’t land. Though it might feel rude not to laugh when your in-laws or boss try to say something funny, pretending to do so might not be much better. It turns out, even if you think that your forced laughing sounds genuine, people are usually pretty good at separating truly spirited belly laughs from fake ones. But how can they possible know the difference
Well, when researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles studied the acoustic and perceptual differences between real and fake laughter, they found that some of the sounds associated with genuine laughter is “really hard to fake.” In their study, the researchers determined that subjects were only fooled by 37 percent of fake laughter.
The most prominent factor distinguishing real laughter from fake laughter is duration -- or, more specifically, the number of breaths taken in in between sounds. Seeing as it takes more effort and concentration to fake a laugh as opposed to do it genuinely, people tend to pause more in between their “ha-ha’s” when they’re faking it. Evidently, that pausing is pretty noticeable.
“A fake laugh is basically an imitation of a real laugh, but produced with a slightly different set of vocal muscles controlled by a different part of our brain,” Greg Bryant, the lead UCLA researcher on the study, explained. “The result is that there are subtle features of the laugh that sound like speech, and ... people are unconsciously quite sensitive to them.”
People have also proven to be emotionally sensitive to laughter as well. “Our rains are very sensitive to the social and emotional significance of laughter,” said Carolyn McGettigan, a scientist at Royal Holloway, University of London.
McGettigan conducted a 2014 study that recorded participants’ brain responses as they listened to the same people produce genuine laughter by watching funny videos, as opposed to fake laughter. “During our study, when participants heard a laugh that was posed, they activated regions of the brain associated with mentalizing in an attempt to understand the other person’s emotional and mental state,” she said.
So, while we may understand that certain social situations sometimes require fake laughter, most of the time, our instincts and emotional intelligence are just too smart to buy into them.
According to McGettigan, that’s a good thing. “Evolutionarily speaking, it’s good to be able to detect if someone is authentically experiencing an emotion or if they’re not,” she said. “Because you don’t want to be fooled.”
43. What do researchers at the University of California want to find out in this study
A. What is the difference between a fake laugh and a real one.
B. Which part of the brain controls the sound of our laughter.
C. Why do people need to fake laugh when they don’t want to.
D. How to laugh as genuinely as possible when you are faking it.
44. Your forced laughing is more noticeable than you think, mainly because_______.
A. you seem more concentrated when you laugh for real
B. you take more breaths when you try to fake a laugh
C. a fake laugh often happens after a sudden pause
D. a real laugh usually lasts longer than a fake one
45. Which of the following is true according to Greg Bryant
A. Real laughter is not at all controllable by our brain.
B. People may notice fake laughter without knowing why.
C. People use the same set of muscles to laugh and to speak.
D. Faking laugh shares the same techniques as making speech.
46. What has Carolyn McGettigan’s 2014 study proven
A. Certain social situations may require us to fake a laugh.
B. Evolution has enabled us to recognize other’s emotions.
C. By instincts, we are able to tell a person’s mental state.
D. We can sense other’s emotional state when they laugh.
【答案】43. A 44. B 45. B 46. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。我们都有一种假笑的倾向，尤其是当我们生活中的权威人物试图说一个无法成功的笑话时。事实证明，即使你认为你的强迫笑听起来很真实，人们通常很擅长区分真笑和假笑。一项针对真笑和假笑在声学和感知上的差异的研究发现，区分真笑和假笑最重要的因素是声音之间的呼吸次数。文章中两位研究人员对此进行了一些说明。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中Well, when researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles studied the acoustic and perceptual differences between real and fake laughter, they found that some of the sounds associated with genuine laughter is “really hard to fake.”可知加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究人员研究了真笑和假笑在声学和感知上的差异，他们发现一些与真笑相关的声音“真的很难假装”。由此可知，加州大学的研究人员想在这项研究中发现了假笑和真笑的区别。故选A。
【44题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中The most prominent factor distinguishing real laughter from fake laughter is duration —or, more specifically, the number of breaths taken in in between sounds. Seeing as it takes more effort and concentration to fake a laugh as opposed to do it genuinely, people tend to pause more in between their “ha-ha’s” when they’re faking it.可知区分真笑和假笑最重要的因素是持续时间，或者更具体地说，是声音之间的呼吸次数。假笑比真笑需要更多的努力和注意力，所以人们在假装笑的时候，往往会在“哈哈大笑”的间隙停顿更多。由此可知，你的假笑比你想象的更引人注目，这主要是因为当你试图假笑时，你会做更多的呼吸。故选B。
【45题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“The result is that there are subtle features of the laugh that sound like speech,and ... people are unconsciously quite sensitive to them.”可知“其结果是，笑声中有一些微妙的特征听起来像在说话，而且……人们在不知不觉中对它们相当敏感。”由此可推知，根据Greg Bryant 的说法，B选项“人们可能会在不知道原因的情况下注意到假笑声”正确。故选B。
【46题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“During our study, when participants heard a laugh that was posed, they activated regions of the brain associated with mentalizing in an attempt to understand the other person’s emotional and mental state,” she said.可知她说：“在我们的研究中，当参与者听到别人发出的笑声时，他们会激活大脑中与精神化相关的区域，试图理解对方的情绪和精神状态。”由此可知，Carolyn McGettigan 2014年的研究证明了当别人笑的时候，我们可以感觉到他们的情绪状态。故选D。
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Early Childhood Education
Early childhood education is the formal teaching and care of young children. It primarily focuses on learning through playing to encourage children’s different kinds of development. ___47___
Studies with Head Start programs throughout the United States have shown some evidence that there are quite a few advantages to early childhood education, which can produce significant gains in children’s learning and pared with a child who does not attend pre-school, children completing their early education programs are found to be better at math and reading skills. They are excited to learn and have the tools to do so. ___48___ These children are more competent in their pre-school, kindergarten and school-age years, and they are usually reported as “friendlier” by parents and the children’s peers.
___49___ In studies with matched control groups, more students who had early schooling experiences were employed at the age of 19, fewer were on welfare, and fewer were involved with the criminal activity. What’s more, some studies show that children attending pre-school are more likely to graduate and have higher education, and be well integrated as an adult.
Early childhood education gives most children a jump-start on education for their kindergarten and primary school years. It is clear that early childhood education do a lot of good to children. ___50___ If early childhood education is less effective, perhaps the best model is finding strategies for allowing a parent to stay home with his or her child for at least the first two to three years. Also important is considering a child’s own personality. Individual differences in children mean that not all children will get equal benefits from early childhood education.
A. The long-term influence of early education is significant as well.
B. They can benefit greatly from encouragement in their early childhood.
C. Yet its quality must be assessed to see what kind of benefits it actually provides.
D. They are also able to relate to others in a superior way and that improves their social skills.
E. Many experts of education, however, are concerned about what early childhood education means today.
F. It consists of activities that serve children in the pre-school years and is designed to improve later school performance.
【答案】47. F 48. D 49. A 50. C
【解析】
【导语】本是一篇说明文。主要介绍了幼儿早教在儿童的学习和发展方面产生显著的收益，但是也要注重幼儿教育效果和质量。
【47题详解】
上文“Early childhood education is the formal teaching and care of young children. (幼儿教育是对幼儿的正式教育和照顾。)”因此空格处也应以介绍早期教育的内容和宗旨，因此F项“它包括为学龄前儿童服务的活动，旨在提高以后的学习成绩”符合语境，故选F。
【48题详解】
上文“Studies with Head Start programs throughout the United States have shown some evidence that there are quite a few advantages to early childhood education, which can produce significant gains in children’s learning and development. (对美国各地的Head Start计划的研究表明，早期儿童教育有很多好处，可以在儿童的学习和发展方面产生显著的收益)”说明的是早期教育的好处，与空格处是好处的具体体现，因此D项“他们还能够以更好的方式与他人相处，这提高了他们的社交技能”符合语境，故选D。
【49题详解】
下文“In studies with matched control groups, more students who had early schooling experiences were employed at the age of 19, fewer were on welfare, and fewer were involved with the criminal activity. (在对匹配的对照组进行的研究中，有早期教育经历的学生在19岁时就业的人数更多，享受福利的人数更少，参与犯罪活动的人数更少。)”说明的是早教对孩子长大后的长期影响，因此A项“早期教育的长期影响也很重要”概括本段段意，故选A。
【50题详解】
上文“It is clear that early childhood education do a lot of good to children(很明显，幼儿教育对孩子们有很多好处)”以及下文“If early childhood education is less effective, perhaps the best model is finding strategies for allowing a parent to stay home with his or her child for at least the first two to three years. (如果幼儿教育效果较差，也许最好的模式是找到策略，让父母至少在最初的两三年里呆在家里陪孩子。)”说明的是早教是很重要，但是要重视早教的质量，空格处和上文是转折，并能承接下文，因此C项“然而，必须对其质量进行评估，以了解它实际提供了什么样的好处”符合语境，故选C。
Ⅳ. Summary
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
What Is Zero Waste
The goal of the “zero waste” movement is to get rid of all waste from products. “Zero waste” means using every part of a product. Today, the zero waste idea can be found everywhere from food to fashion.
Creating a zero waste restaurant is a challenge. It is very difficult to use every part of produce and leave nothing behind. Creating a soup from unused ingredients is a popular way to use up extra food items. Other ways are more advanced. Some restaurants use coffee grounds（咖啡渣）to flavor dishes. Some cooks also crush shrimp shells and reuse them in sauces. While it’s challenging, zero waste restaurants appear to be on the rise.
In the fashion industry, zero waste isn’t a new idea. But in today’s world of fast fashion, zero waste is growing more popular. Usually, cutting cloth creates lots of waste. In zero waste fashion, designers try to avoid this. One way to do so is by adding these extra pieces of cloth to the final design. Another way is to design clothing without wasteful cuts.
Beyond restaurants and fashion, there are many other possibilities for zero waste products. All restaurants need utensils（器皿）. Bakey’s is a company that is developing edible（可食用的）utensils. After using them, you can eat them! Their spoons are made of flour and come in all kinds of flavors. While these spoons are not hard enough to cut meat, they are perfect for rice dishes. Meanwhile, Air New Zealand is experimenting with edible coffee cups that are made by the company Twice. They have already introduced a line of flavored cups. After you finish your coffee, you eat the cup, just like a cookie!
Whether products are made to be edible or reusable, hopefully the movement will help reduce waste all over the world.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Zero waste means eliminating all the wastes from a product and the movement is gaining popularity. Some restaurants are using creative ways to use unused ingredients or food leftovers. Fashion designers either avoid unnecessarily cutting cloth or finding new uses for extra cuts. Besides, Many companies are creating edible products especially utensils. Hopefully, zero waste campaign can help reduce waste worldwide.
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了什么是零浪费。零浪费意味着从一个产品中消除所有的浪费，这个运动越来越流行。一些餐馆正在创造性地使用未使用的配料或食物残羹剩饭。时装设计师要么避免不必要的裁剪布料，要么寻找额外布料的新用途。此外，许多公司正在创造食用产品，特别是餐具。希望零浪费运动可以帮助减少全球的废物。
【详解】1 要点摘录
1）“Zero waste” means using every part of a product. Today, the zero waste idea can be found everywhere from food to fashion.
2）Some restaurants use coffee grounds（咖啡渣）to flavor dishes. Some cooks also crush shrimp shells and reuse them in sauces. While it’s challenging, zero waste restaurants appear to be on the rise.
3）One way to do so is by adding these extra pieces of cloth to the final design. Another way is to design clothing without wasteful cuts.
4）Beyond restaurants and fashion, there are many other possibilities for zero waste products.
5）Whether products are made to be edible or reusable, hopefully the movement will help reduce waste all over the world.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、4、5五个要点分别概括。
3.遣词造句
Zero waste means eliminating all the wastes from a product and the movement is gaining popularity.
Some restaurants are using creative ways to use unused ingredients or food leftovers.
Fashion designers either avoid unnecessarily cutting cloth or finding new uses for extra cuts. Besides, Many companies are creating edible products especially utensils.
Hopefully, zero waste campaign can help reduce waste worldwide.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Some restaurants are using creative ways to use unused ingredients or food leftovers.运用动词不定式作定语修饰way，对第二段进行概括。
[高分句型2]：Fashion designers either avoid unnecessarily cutting cloth or finding new uses for extra cuts.用avoid加动名词作宾语，用either …or连接并列成分，对第三段进行概括，表达非常高级。
Ⅴ. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 性格温和的人也会在特定场合下发牌气。（occasion）（汉译英）
【答案】People with a gentle personality can also lose their temper on certain occasions.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“性格温和的人”翻译为people with a gentle personality；表示“发脾气”短语为lose their temper，can后跟动词原形；表示“也”应用also；表示“在特定场合下”翻译为on certain occasions。故翻译为People with a gentle personality can also lose their temper on certain occasions.
53. 摔坏的手机被替换为了同一型号的新手机。（replace）（汉译英）
【答案】The broken phone has been replaced with a new phone of the same model.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词、时态、语态以及句子结构。分析句子可知，“替换”的英语是replace，本句是应使用被动语态be replaced with，“摔坏的手机”使用过去分词broken充当定语，the broken phone，“同一型号的新手机”使用of短语of the same model充当后置定语修饰a new phone；根据句意，本句应使用现在完成时，主语the broken phone是第三人称单数形式，故本句可译为The broken phone has been replaced with a new phone of the same model。
54. 他从未想到做志愿者的经历会对他之后的生活产生如此深远的影响。( occur) (汉译英）
【答案】It never occurred to him that the experience of being a volunteer would have such a profound effect on his later life.
【解析】
【分析】
【详解】考查固定句型和时态。结合句意表示“某人从未想到……”句型为it never occur to sb. that…，此处用一般过去时；从句中表示“做志愿者的经历”翻译为the experience of being a volunteer；表示“对……产生如此深远的影响”短语为have such a profound effect on，此处为过去将来时；表示“之后的生活”短语为on one’s later life。故翻译为It never occurred to him that the experience of being a volunteer would have such a profound effect on his later life.
55. 尽管我承担不起旅费，由于好友们的慷慨相助，我顺利带着年迈的父母去了他们梦寐以求的度假胜地。（result）（汉译英）
【答案】Although I couldn’t afford the traveling expenses, as a result of my friends’ generous help, I managed to take/succeeded in taking my aged parents to the resort (that/which) they had been dreaming of/looking forward to.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句、时态和固定短语。此处为复合句，引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”且位于句首应用although；结合汉语意思“由于”可知短语为as a result of；表示“设法做成某事”可用短语manage to do sth.或succeed in doing sth.；表示“梦寐以求”可用短语dream of或look forward to；且定语从句修饰先行词resort ，先行词在从句中作宾语，指物，可用that或which引导，或省略关系词；再结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为Although I couldn’t afford the traveling expenses, as a result of my friends’ generous help, I managed to take/succeeded in taking my aged parents to the resort (that/which) they had been dreaming of/looking forward to.
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学高中学生李明，最近在一本英语杂志上读到一篇关于青少年心理状态的文章。文中提出与20年前的青少年相比，如今的青少年更加不快乐。你对此话题很感兴趣，请写一封信给该报社的编辑，表达你的想法，内容须包括：
1. 导致该现象的原因
2. 相应的建议
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Editor,
I am Li Ming, a student in Ming qi Middle School. Recently, I read an article about the mental state of teenagers which mentioned that compared to the teenagers 20 years ago, today’s teenagers are unhappier. I am writing to express my opinion about this phenomenon.
Many people think today’s teenagers should be happier than before. However, that’s not the case. First of all, today’s teenagers have more difficulty in getting along with others. It makes them feel lonely. Secondly, nowadays, teenagers suffer from too much pressure of study, which makes them easier to be depressed.
Therefore, action must be taken to improve it. To begin with, teenagers should be encouraged to take many activities to form harmonious interpersonal relationship. Besides, parents also need to pay more attention to their children’s mental health. As we all know, good listening can always show respect, promote understanding and make things better. I am convinced that with our joint efforts, the situation will be gradually improved.
Yours sincerely ,
Li Ming
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给某英语杂志的编辑写封信，表达你对青少年不开心这一现象的看法以及建议。
【详解】1.词汇积累
鼓励：encourage→inspire/motivate
此外：besides → what’s more
采取措施：take action→ take measures
关注：pay attention to →focus on
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：First of all, today’s teenagers have more difficulty in getting along with others. It makes them feel lonely.
拓展句：First of all, today’s teenagers have more difficulty in getting along with others, which makes them feel lonely.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Recently, I read an article about the mental state of teenagers which mentioned that compared to the teenagers 20 years ago, today’s teenagers are unhappier.（运用了which引导的定语从句和非谓语动词作状语）
【高分句型2】I am convinced that with our joint efforts, the situation will be gradually improved.（运用了that引导宾语从句）上海市行知中学2023学年第一学期第二次月考
高一年级英语学科试卷
（试卷满分140分，考试时间120分钟）
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Mary has lost the photo album. B. It’s difficult to take photos indoors.
C. The photo album is in the living room. D. Mary is a good photographer.
2. A. The job’s short hours made it impossible for her to refuse.
B. The job was turning into an excellent opportunity for her.
C. She was looking forward to meeting her new colleagues.
D. She refused the position because of the low pay.
3. A. Take the man to the station. B. Look after the man’s things.
C. Find out when the next bus leaves. D. Show the man the way to the station.
4. A. He knows the whole vocabulary list already.
B. He has to do what is necessary in order to learn.
C He doesn’t have to memorize all the vocabulary.
D. He may not be able to learn much by memorizing.
5. A. He hasn’t time to try it on. B. It doesn’t fit him very well.
C. It needs ironing to look great. D. He’s not sure if he likes the pattern.
6. A. He’s too busy to go to the concert. B. There is a long line before the ticket office.
C. Carl already knows the concert is at eight. D. He hasn’t been able to reach Carl.
7. A. There are different kinds of folders. B. This decision requires careful thought.
C. It doesn’t matter which folder she uses. D. The color of the folder suggests the content.
8. A. He would be happy to meet Andrew.
B. He expected to see Andrew at the airport.
C. Andrew is glad he has moved away from the airport.
D. Andrew should have known the apartment would be noisy.
9. A. It’s closed on Mondays. B. It’s not a good workplace.
C. It’s supposed to be open now. D. It’s locked up after 10:00.
10. A. See the show some other night B. Eat dinner after the show.
C. Take a taxi to save time. D. Walk to the theatre.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages. After each conversation or passage, you will be asked several questions. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. Their project has lasted for a year.
B. Their project is a part of their research.
C They were born and bred in New York.
D. They liked to talk to strangers when young.
12. A. Ambitious. B. Well-prepared. C. Creative. D. Difficult.
13. A. Two psychologists conduct field research on New York streets.
B. Two young men listen to people and give them their suggestions.
C. Two psychologists help solve people’s problems with what they learn.
D. Two young people encourage people to talk to them, believing it can help.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14. A. The loss of their careers. B. The passing away of their friends.
C. The failing of their memory. D. The decline of their physical health.
15. A. Both depend on genes. B. Both need some kind of exercise.
C. Both have connections with thinking. D. Both can be enhanced without efforts.
16. A. It records users’ progress. B. It varies users’ muscle use.
C. It offers users medical advice. D. It encourages users to give feedback.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. She has to study. B. She has to work.
C. She has an appointment. D. She has an interview to go to.
18. A. Assistant manager. B. Accountant. C. Sales manager. D. Bank clerk.
19. A. McDonald’s. B. Johnson’s.
C. A construction company. D. A finance company.
20. A. Stop working between August and September.
B. Take more responsibility in her current job.
C. Change her major from accounting to management.
D. Apply for a new job in his father’s company.
Ⅱ. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Health Warning as UK Swelters
People across the UK have enjoyed the sunshine this week, but they have also been advised to be careful as a heat wave hits much of the country.
A heat wave is defined ___1___ a period of hot weather where temperatures are higher than is expected for the time of year. They usually happen in summer.
However, climate change (long-term changes to weather patterns, mostly ___2___ (cause) by human activities such as burning fossil fuels, farming and cutting down forests) is increasing the chance of heat waves happening and making then more extreme. The current hot weather is even ___3___ (much) extreme in some European countries — temperatures in southern Spain have reached 46℃.
Heat waves can be a danger to people’s health, especially for vulnerable groups such as the elderly, children and people ___4___ certain health conditions. However, anyone ___5___ suffer from the effects of extreme heat, including dehydration (not having enough water) and heatstroke (a condition caused by the body overheating). A group of leading UK scientists have recommended that heat waves ___6___ (name) in order to raise awareness of the health risks.
The Met Office, the UK’s national weather service, has issued an amber warning. Temperatures are expected ___7___ (rise) to 35℃, and there have been predictions ___8___ the record for the UK’s hottest day could be broken. Government officials have met to discuss whether to introduce a heat wave emergency.
To cope with hot weather, the NHS (National Health Service) says people should try to keep out of the Sun between 11 am and 3 pm, ___9___ temperatures are at their highest and the sun is strongest. Make sure you wear a hat, ____10____ (apply) sunscreen under the sunlight and drink plenty of water. If you are swimming outdoors to cool down, make sure you’re with a trusted adult and follow local safety advice.
Section B
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze
Golden Rules of Good Design
What makes good design Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to ___11___the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.
Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary ___12___
More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is ___13___design. Post-Modernist designers began to ___14___with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen ___15___such as ovens and kettles.
Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is ___16___. For example, think of a(n) ___17___desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to ___18___light where it is needed.
Form follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into ___19___ the sensory side of our nature——sight, smell touch and taste. These are as important as rational. When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciated a cool-looking device that allows us to easily ___20___the toothpaste onto our brush.
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The beauty, majesty, and timelessness of a primary rainforest are indescribable. It is impossible to ___21___ on film, to describe in words, or to explain to those who have never had the awe-inspiring experience of standing in the heart of a primary rainforest.
Rainforests have ___22___ over millions of years to turn into the incredibly complex environments they are today. Rainforests represent a store of living and ___23___ renewable natural resources that for an immeasurably long period of time, by virtue of their richness in both animal and plant species, have ___24___ a wealth of resources for the survival and well-being of humankind. These resources have included basic food supplies, clothing, shelter, fuel, spices, industrial raw materials, and medicine for all those who have lived in the majesty of the forest. ___25___, the inner dynamics (动力学；相互作用的方式) of a tropical rainforest is a complex and fragile system. Everything is so ___26___ that upsetting one part can lead to unknown damage or even destruction of the whole. Sadly, it has taken only a century of human intervention to destroy what nature designed to ___27___ forever.
The scale of human ___28___ on ecosystems everywhere has increased enormously in the last few decades. Since 1980 the global economy has tripled in size and the world population has increased by 30 percent. Consumption of everything on the planet has risen — at a cost to our ___29___. In 2001, The World Resources Institute estimated that the demand for rice, wheat, and corn is expected to grow by 40% by 2025, increasing irrigation water demands by 50% or more. They further reported that the demand for wood could double by the year 2050; ____30____, it is still the tropical forests of the world that supply the most part of the world’s demand for wood.
In 1950, about 15 percent of the Earth’s land surface was covered by rainforest. Today, more than half has already gone up in ____31____. In fewer than fifty years, about half of the world’s tropical rainforests have fallen ____32____ to fire or deforestation, and the rate of destruction is still ____33____. Unbelievably, more than 200,000 acres of rainforest are burned every day. That is more than 150 acres lost every minute of every day, and 78 million acres lost every year! More than 20 percent of the Amazon rainforest is already gone, and much more is severely ____34____ as the destruction continues. If nothing is done to control this ____35____, the entire Amazon could well be gone within fifty years. Fewer rainforests mean less rain, less oxygen for us to breathe, and an increased threat from global warming.
21.
A. establish B. claim C. capture D. prove
22.
A. extended B. evolved C. expanded D. resolved
23.
A. energizing B. healing C. isolating D. breathing
24.
A. destroyed B. contributed C. reduced D. affected
25
A. However B. Furthermore C. Therefore D. Otherwise
26.
A. active B. positive C. interdependent D. dominant
27
A. restore B. support C. relieve D. last
28.
A. pressure B. resources C. concern D. strengths
29.
A. existence B. ecosystem C. species D. survival
30.
A. unfortunately B. consequently C. naturally D. similarly
31.
A. store B. food C. smoke D. wealth
32.
A. subject B. down C. apart D. victim
33.
A. running out B. going up C. holding back D. falling down
34.
A. released B. revealed C. threatened D. boosted
35.
A. trend B. practice C. intention D. attitude
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
Seasickness and sunburn. Taking care of old people in different situations. My medical friends did their best to persuade me. Everyone said that running away to sea would ruin my career. But after five sleep-deprived (睡眠不足的) years working as a junior doctor, I was willing to take the risk.
Hungry for adventure, I boarded a bright white ship in Singapore. With 2,000 passengers and crew, she was the size of a small town.
To my relief, the hospital was well equipped, with an X-ray machine and a blood analyzer.
That first cruise (航行) was a learning experience, a tight schedule full of safety drills (演习). There was so much new information to take in. Even remembering which of the uniforms to wear each day was a challenge. Most confusing, I often forgot to change my clock when the ship crossed time zones.
As a doctor, I was responsible for the 600 crew including waiters, engineers, cooks and navigators (领航员), and I was on call (随时待命的) for the entire ship.
Far from treating seasickness and sunburn as I’d been warned, my patients were wide and varied. The ship’s medical center was essentially a floating emergency room, but we didn’t have a team of specialists on hand for a second opinion. With long and unpredictable hours, it required mental toughness.
As you can guess, many of the passengers were elderly. Heart attacks don’t care about geography and emergency evacuations (疏散) were difficult to arrange.
I recall one such patient, who was taken off the ship on a stretcher (担架) halfway through the Panama Canal. After a terrifying ride in the back of an old ambulance, I was relieved that the patient survived long enough to arrive at the hospital in Panama City.
Thankfully, there were several unexpected benefits to the job. I regularly enjoyed the passenger facilities, including the gym, spa and deck buffet (甲板自助餐). I even hosted my own table of passengers in the evenings. On rare days off, I volunteered as a tour guide on trips ashore (在陆地). I got to fly over Alaska in a seaplane and watched a ballet in St Petersburg.
I now understand that being a cruise ship doctor is not a job — it’s a way of life.
One year at sea became two. I lost my career ambitions, but I redefined happiness in my life.
36. What can we know about the author’s first cruise
A. She missed her job as a doctor. B. She enjoyed a relaxing lifestyle.
C. She had to learn a lot of things. D. She often felt confused about her job duties.
37. Why does the author mention the patient who was sent to the hospital in Panama City
A. To tell that it was difficult to look after old patients.
B. To prove that being a cruise ship doctor is more tiring.
C. To stress the importance of a well-equipped hospital on the ship.
D. To show it was challenging to handle emergency situations on the ship.
38. What is Paragraph 9 mainly about
A. The author’s experience as a tour guide.
B. The advantages of being a cruise ship doctor.
C. The loneliness of being the ship’s only doctor.
D. Various facilities for passengers on the cruise ship.
39. What does the author think of her experience as a cruise ship doctor
A. It was too stressful to tolerate.
B. It helped her build a better career.
C. It changed her understanding of happiness.
D. It provided opportunities to make more friends.
B
Are You a Moring Person
Mornings are not for everyone. Knowing that our own bodies may be wired to prefer a certain time of day is certainly a relief. But many of us still have to wake up and function during those first daylight hours. So what can you do
We tapped a variety of experts - from sleep experts to nutritionists to life organizational pros (生活管理达人) — to share their tricks on how to make morning less stressful and more pleasant for even the most after-hours of night owls.
1. Night waking
Poor sleep quality can explain why we sometimes wake up from eight hours of snoozing and feel like we only clocked in at four. “It’s normal to have one or two awakenings, but more than that leaves us feeling groggy (昏昏沉沉) in the morning because of the fragmented sleep,” explains Shelby Harris, director of the behavioral sleep medicine program at Montefiore Medical Center.
2. The Science of snoozing
The snooze button does more harm than good. Nodding off again sends you into a light and fragmented sleep! Multiple snoozes can leave you feeling groggier than just getting out of bed the first time. Instead, be honest about the time you intend to get up and then enjoy every last minute of sleep, so you can wake up alert and ready to go.
3. Don’t ease into your workday
It can be tempting to plow through the easy things early on—checking e-mail, scanning the headlines—but it’s wise to tackle the bigger stuff first. “Getting to work on the most important tasks not only ups the chances that they actually get done, but it also leaves you with a burst of accomplishment to take with you the rest of the day,” says Jason Selk, coauthor of Organize Tomorrow Today.
4. Save social media for later
Schedule a social media block later in the afternoon to check in when you’re likely to need a break anyway, and save the morning for the important stuff.
40. What’s the purpose of the passage
A. To help us to get the most out of our mornings.
B. To relieve us from the guilt of multiple snoozes in the morning.
C. To warn us of the harm of not getting out of bed immediately.
D. To inform us about the fact that our bodies are wired to prefer a certain time of day.
41. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. One or two awakenings ensure us a good night’s sleep.
B. To be an early bird, better forget about the snooze button.
C. It’s important not to block social medium if you want to save your morning.
D. Beginning a day with easy things aroused our interest and a sense of accomplishment.
42. Where can we find the passage
A. Classified Advertisement B. Travel Brochure
C. Life and Study D. Scientific Journal
C
We all have a tendency to fake laugh, particularly when authority figures in our lives try to make a joke that just doesn’t land. Though it might feel rude not to laugh when your in-laws or boss try to say something funny, pretending to do so might not be much better. It turns out, even if you think that your forced laughing sounds genuine, people are usually pretty good at separating truly spirited belly laughs from fake ones. But how can they possible know the difference
Well, when researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles studied the acoustic and perceptual differences between real and fake laughter, they found that some of the sounds associated with genuine laughter is “really hard to fake.” In their study, the researchers determined that subjects were only fooled by 37 percent of fake laughter.
The most prominent factor distinguishing real laughter from fake laughter is duration -- or, more specifically, the number of breaths taken in in between sounds. Seeing as it takes more effort and concentration to fake a laugh as opposed to do it genuinely, people tend to pause more in between their “ha-ha’s” when they’re faking it. Evidently, that pausing is pretty noticeable.
“A fake laugh is basically an imitation of a real laugh, but produced with a slightly different set of vocal muscles controlled by a different part of our brain,” Greg Bryant, the lead UCLA researcher on the study, explained. “The result is that there are subtle features of the laugh that sound like speech, and ... people are unconsciously quite sensitive to them.”
People have also proven to be emotionally sensitive to laughter as well. “Our rains are very sensitive to the social and emotional significance of laughter,” said Carolyn McGettigan, a scientist at Royal Holloway, University of London.
McGettigan conducted a 2014 study that recorded participants’ brain responses as they listened to the same people produce genuine laughter by watching funny videos, as opposed to fake laughter. “During our study, when participants heard a laugh that was posed, they activated regions of the brain associated with mentalizing in an attempt to understand the other person’s emotional and mental state,” she said.
So, while we may understand that certain social situations sometimes require fake laughter, most of the time, our instincts and emotional intelligence are just too smart to buy into them.
According to McGettigan, that’s a good thing. “Evolutionarily speaking, it’s good to be able to detect if someone is authentically experiencing an emotion or if they’re not,” she said. “Because you don’t want to be fooled.”
43. What do researchers at the University of California want to find out in this study
A. What is the difference between a fake laugh and a real one.
B. Which part of the brain controls the sound of our laughter.
C. Why do people need to fake laugh when they don’t want to.
D. How to laugh as genuinely as possible when you are faking it.
44. Your forced laughing is more noticeable than you think, mainly because_______.
A. you seem more concentrated when you laugh for real
B. you take more breaths when you try to fake a laugh
C. a fake laugh often happens after a sudden pause
D. a real laugh usually lasts longer than a fake one
45. Which of the following is true according to Greg Bryant
A. Real laughter is not at all controllable by our brain.
B. People may notice fake laughter without knowing why.
C. People use the same set of muscles to laugh and to speak.
D. Faking laugh shares the same techniques as making speech.
46. What has Carolyn McGettigan’s 2014 study proven
A. Certain social situations may require us to fake a laugh.
B. Evolution has enabled us to recognize other’s emotions.
C. By instincts, we are able to tell a person’s mental state.
D. We can sense other’s emotional state when they laugh.
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Early Childhood Education
Early childhood education is the formal teaching and care of young children. It primarily focuses on learning through playing to encourage children’s different kinds of development. ___47___
Studies with Head Start programs throughout the United States have shown some evidence that there are quite a few advantages to early childhood education, which can produce significant gains in children’s learning and pared with a child who does not attend pre-school, children completing their early education programs are found to be better at math and reading skills. They are excited to learn and have the tools to do so. ___48___ These children are more competent in their pre-school, kindergarten and school-age years, and they are usually reported as “friendlier” by parents and the children’s peers.
___49___ In studies with matched control groups, more students who had early schooling experiences were employed at the age of 19, fewer were on welfare, and fewer were involved with the criminal activity. What’s more, some studies show that children attending pre-school are more likely to graduate and have higher education, and be well integrated as an adult.
Early childhood education gives most children a jump-start on education for their kindergarten and primary school years. It is clear that early childhood education do a lot of good to children. ___50___ If early childhood education is less effective, perhaps the best model is finding strategies for allowing a parent to stay home with his or her child for at least the first two to three years. Also important is considering a child’s own personality. Individual differences in children mean that not all children will get equal benefits from early childhood education.
A. The long-term influence of early education is significant as well.
B. They can benefit greatly from encouragement in their early childhood.
C. Yet its quality must be assessed to see what kind of benefits it actually provides.
D. They are also able to relate to others in a superior way and that improves their social skills.
E. Many experts of education, however, are concerned about what early childhood education means today.
F. It consists of activities that serve children in the pre-school years and is designed to improve later school performance.
Ⅳ. Summary
51. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
What Is Zero Waste
The goal of the “zero waste” movement is to get rid of all waste from products. “Zero waste” means using every part of a product. Today, the zero waste idea can be found everywhere from food to fashion.
Creating a zero waste restaurant is a challenge. It is very difficult to use every part of produce and leave nothing behind. Creating a soup from unused ingredients is a popular way to use up extra food items. Other ways are more advanced. Some restaurants use coffee grounds（咖啡渣）to flavor dishes. Some cooks also crush shrimp shells and reuse them in sauces. While it’s challenging, zero waste restaurants appear to be on the rise.
In the fashion industry, zero waste isn’t a new idea. But in today’s world of fast fashion, zero waste is growing more popular. Usually, cutting cloth creates lots of waste. In zero waste fashion, designers try to avoid this. One way to do so is by adding these extra pieces of cloth to the final design. Another way is to design clothing without wasteful cuts.
Beyond restaurants and fashion, there are many other possibilities for zero waste products. All restaurants need utensils（器皿）. Bakey’s is a company that is developing edible（可食用的）utensils. After using them, you can eat them! Their spoons are made of flour and come in all kinds of flavors. While these spoons are not hard enough to cut meat, they are perfect for rice dishes. Meanwhile, Air New Zealand is experimenting with edible coffee cups that are made by the company Twice. They have already introduced a line of flavored cups. After you finish your coffee, you eat the cup, just like a cookie!
Whether products are made to be edible or reusable, hopefully the movement will help reduce waste all over the world.
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Ⅴ. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
52. 性格温和的人也会在特定场合下发牌气。（occasion）（汉译英）
53. 摔坏的手机被替换为了同一型号的新手机。（replace）（汉译英）
54. 他从未想到做志愿者的经历会对他之后的生活产生如此深远的影响。( occur) (汉译英）
55. 尽管我承担不起旅费，由于好友们的慷慨相助，我顺利带着年迈的父母去了他们梦寐以求的度假胜地。（result）（汉译英）
Ⅵ. Guided Writing
56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是明启中学高中学生李明，最近在一本英语杂志上读到一篇关于青少年心理状态的文章。文中提出与20年前的青少年相比，如今的青少年更加不快乐。你对此话题很感兴趣，请写一封信给该报社的编辑，表达你的想法，内容须包括：
1. 导致该现象的原因
2. 相应的建议
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