卷子答案网-一个不只有答案的网站湖南省长沙重点中学2022-2023学年高三下学期第六次月考英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
阅读理解
As smoke poured through the halls of a New York City high-rise on Sunday，killing 17 people in the Bronx，tenants （租客） were faced with a life-or-death decision：Should they stay put or try to escape？According to the National Fire Protection Association，just what you should do in a fire，though，depends partly on the design of the building and where the fire is.
EXIT PLAN
Generally，people should exit a burning building if safe to do so.They should feel doors before opening them，leaving them closed and looking for another way out if they are hot to the touch.Residents should shut all doors behind them to prevent the spread of smoke and fire.They should be sure to take their keys with them in case they have to return to their apartments.In most high-rise buildings，the nearest stairwell is the emergency exit.
FIREPROOF BUILDINGS
Every apartment in New York City is required to have a notice posted on the door saying whether the building is considered fireproof or not，based on the way it was constructed.Those notices instruct people living in fireproof，high-rise buildings not to exit，but instead shelter in place unless the fire is in their own apartment.
Residents who shelter in place should use wet towels，wet sheets or tape to seal doors and prevent smoke from entering.They should call 911 to alert firefighters that they are trapped and give their exact location.Trapped residents can open windows narrowly for fresh air or to signal to firefighters，but they should not break their windows.That can allow smoke to pour in from outside，leaving them with no way to keep it out.
SMOKE VS.FIRE
Most fire deaths are not caused by burns，but by smoke.Homes today tend to contain a lot of products made with chemical fibers that burn at high temperatures，helping fires spread rapidly.They also generate poisonous gases that can overcome people within moments，which can cause organ damage.
PREPARATION IS KEY
Homes need good，working smoke detectors that are checked often.In addition，residents need to have an escape plan and practice that plan.In an apartment building，residents need to ask the building manager about the emergency protections.
1．For what purpose should you feel the door when exiting____
A．To open it smoothly. B．To shut it strongly.
C．To avoid getting burnt. D．To check the keys.
2．What should you do when trapped in a burning building____
A．Report to firefighters. B．Keep windows close.
C．Point out the landmarks. D．Listen to the tapes.
3．Which will the author most probably agree to____
A．Most people usually die of burns in a fire.
B．Exit a burning building as soon as possible.
C．Awareness of emergency protections is a must.
D．Chemical fibers slow down the spread of fire.
阅读理解
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Sweden-born geneticist Svante P bo，recognizing him for discoveries related to the genomes （基因组） of extinct human groups that cast light on the genetic characteristics unique to present-day humans.The committee said Dr.P bo overcame challenges in recovering and analyzing ancient DNA to sequence （测序） the genome of the Neanderthal，an extinct relative of present-day humans.He also discovered a previously unknown human relative，called the Denisova.
Before Dr.P bo's research，understanding of Neanderthals came from analysis of the features of ancient bone remains and from studies of tools and other archaeological artifacts （史前古器物）.Dr.P bo's work made it possible to precisely analyze the genetic characteristics of Neanderthals and helped illustrate how different types of humans mixed on the planet during periods of coexistence.Dr.P bo's discoveries have laid the groundwork for research on how ancient gene sequences from extinct relatives influence the function of present-day humans.One example is a gene common among present-day Tibetans that makes those people better adapted to life at high altitude.It can be traced to the Denisovan genome.
Early in his career，Dr.P bo became focused on using advanced modern genetic techniques to study the DNA of Neanderthals.But DNA degrades over time meaning that，for ancient specimens （样本），only small amounts are left.When he worked in the University of Munich，he successfully sequenced DNA from a 40，000-year-old piece of bone.The DNA in question was so-called mitochondrial （线粒体的） DNA，a form of genetic material that is shorter，but more plentiful，than the extensive DNA found in the center of a cell.He went on to help establish the Max Planck Institute in Germany，where his research group continued to improve those methods with the aim of sequencing ever larger parts of an ancient genome.Those efforts ended in 2010.
Around the same time，the Max Planck group discovered that a 40，000-year-old finger bone found in the Denisova cave in the southern part of Siberia was unique when compared with all known sequences from Neanderthals and present-day humans.It marked the first time that a new type of human had been identified using only ancient DNA.
4．What is Paragraph 1 mainly about____
A．How Dr.P bo conducted the research.
B．What breakthroughs Dr.P bo has made.
C．How the committee contacted Dr.P bo.
D．Why Dr.P bo researched ancient genomes.
5．How is Dr.P bo's research different from the previous____
A．Comparing features of genes accurately.
B．Illustrating different mixtures of bones.
C．Collecting many ancient bone remains.
D．Distinguish all living humans at present.
6．What challenge did Dr.P bo overcome during the process of research____
A．Considerable specimens. B．Poor genetic techniques.
C．Different rescarch groups. D．Limited DNA information.
7．What's the possible significance of Dr.P bo's discovery____
A．Analyzing why present-day humans are better adapted to life.
B．Identifying a new human kind by using modern DNA specimens.
C．Providing the basis for exploring gene sequences unique to humans.
D．Innovating the method for discovering more extinct human relatives.
阅读理解
Football fans can hardly accuse Qatar of being tight-fisted.The Arab state has reportedly spent ﹩300 bn in the 12 years since it won the rights to host the men's World Cup.It only expects the tournament to invest ﹩17 bn back into its economy.Much of that spending has gone into building infrastructure，including an advanced new metro system built to accommodate the 1.5 m visitors expected to show up to football's biggest party.Organisers insist all the construction will serve a purpose even after the final goals are scored.
Between 1964 and 2018，31 out of 36 big events （such as World Cups or Summer and Winter Olympics） suffered heavy losses，according to researchers at the University of Lausanne.Of the 14 World Cups they analyzed，only one has ever been profitable：Russia's in 2018 generated a surplus （盈余）of ＄235 m， buoyed by a huge deal for broadcasting rights.Still，the tournament only managed a 4.6% return on investment. [The data for Mexico's World Cup in 1986 is incomplete.It probably ran a deficit （赤字）.]
Almost all the main expenses fall on the host country.FIFA，the sport's governing body，covers only operational costs.Yet it takes home most of the revenue （收入）：ticket sales，sponsorships and broadcasting rights go into its coffers （金库）.The last World Cup，for instance，scored FIFA a cool ﹩5.4 bn，part of which is then transferred to national teams.
The Lausanne data only includes expenses related to venues，such as constructing a stadium，and logistics （后勤），such as staffing costs.It ignores the value of indirect projects，like Qatar's metro infrastructure and new hotels.Some infrastructure projects make economies more productive in the long term.
Residents of host cities have begun questioning the benefits of their governments spending billions of dollars on large sporting events.As a result，fewer countries are volunteering as hosts.Seven cities bid to host the Summer Olympic Games in 2016；for 2024 there were only two eventual bidders.
These huge costs are new to the sporting world.The World Cup in 1966，featuring 16 teams，cost around ﹩200，000 per footballer （in 2018 prices）.In 2018，that figure jumped to ﹩7 m.Costs have been driven by building more new stadiums for every tournament.In Qatar，seven of the eight stadiums have been built from scratch；in 1966 England did not build any.
8．What does Qatar expect the event to do____
A．Show the economic power. B．Improve future productivity.
C．Please global football fans. D．Make up for the investment.
9．What does the underlined word "buoyed" in Paragraph 2 mean____
A．Backed. B．Increased. C．Controlled. D．Treated.
10．Who will mainly benefit from the football event financially____
A．FIFA. B．Local government.
C．The host country. D．International teams.
11．Why is this tournament in Qatar so costly____
A．Because of maintaining seven new stadiums.
B．Because it makes the least profit from the event.
C．Because of the improving cost of each footballer.
D．Because of building new infrastructure and courts.
阅读理解
"When we are stressed，we are more likely to want to avoid not just the task at hand，but the negative emotions we feel around that task as well，" Alicia Wafaa neuroscientist and senior lecturer at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York，explains. "That's because at a basic neuroscientific level，we have a bias toward the present and prefer the immediate reward of feeling good when the brain releases the neurochemical dopamine （多巴胺）. "
Essentially，our brains are hardwired to approach tasks we find enjoyable and avoid those that produce negative feelings. "Our limbic brain （大脑边缘系统），the emotional part of our brain，is saying， 'Let's do this other thing and avoid that other stressful thing，while our prefrontal cortex （前额叶脑皮层） is the CEO of our brain， " says Walf. "It's making a plan，setting the goals，and making sure we stay on track.But there can be a disconnect when our limbic brain denies that prefrontal cortex message. " Then there's the burst of energy we often get when we're up against a deadline，which leads to a reward pathway within our brains and sets the foundation for procrastination （拖延症） as a habit. "When you sprint （冲刺） to the end and get to the goal，it's so satisfying；we almost get ourselves in that pattern of 'Well，I got it done，and it felt good，'" says Walf.
In an effort to retrain your brain，Walf recommends taking breaks to refocus your attention on the task at hand.Methods such as the Pomodoro Technique can help you stay focused，in which you work within 25-minute intervals followed by five-minute breaks and continue circling until the task of the day is completed.Integrating mindfulness techniques during those breaks，such as meditation （冥想），yoga，and journaling，can also help reduce the stress that causes procrastination. "Trying to minimize stress by deliberately refocusing on whatever the task is，versus those feelings of anxiety，is about retraining your approach to stress and behaviors，" says Walf.
It can also help to " eat that frog"，or tackle the most difficult and most meaningful task of the day and do it first thing in the morning.If all else fails，try tricking your brain by giving yourself a small reward for working on the task you've been avoiding. "Little rewards really help us，especially when we're trying to reach a large goal，" says Walf. "You have to recharge and keep yourself motivated. "
12．What message is conveyed in the first two paragraphs____
A．People prefer more stressful tasks.
B．Stress produces negative feelings.
C．Stress is behind the delay on tasks.
D．Stress keeps one's brain motivated.
13．In Paragraph 2，what will probably happen when our limbic brain takes over____
A．Preparing one's tasks in advance.
B．Approaching tasks as scheduled.
C．Living up to one's purposes.
D．Leaving difficulties to the last.
14．What is one key to Pomodoro Technique according to Walf____
A．Mixing up the feelings of anxiety.
B．Watching out for working behaviors.
C．Being absent-minded during breaks.
D．Attaining a goal in a timed period.
15．What is "eat that frog" probably about____
A．Frog cooking. B．Challenge overcoming.
C．Time management. D．Morning exercise.
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
阅读七选五
We spend most of the year complaining that Britain is too cold and wet but gripe （抱怨） with just as much enthusiasm about the heat.Although moaning about the weather is satisfying，it's better to take action and cool yourself down.You need to take extra care in the UK when temperatures hit 24℃. 16．
Being too hot makes you unwell and can even kill you. 17． People over 65，under five，pregnant women，those with medical conditions（such as heart disease and mental health conditions） and those who work outside need extra protection in hot weather.
Research shows that putting your feet in cold water is a good way to reduce core body temperature and keep your organs working.It will also help reduce swelling in your ankles and feet.
18． However，don't attempt to fully soak in freezing cold water as cold shock can be dangerous.In drought conditions，remember to conserve water and just concentrate on cooling either your feet，hands or neck and face，which will also be effective.
It is important to stay hydrated （补充水分） and refill the minerals we lose when we sweat.On average in very hot conditions we sweat 3-4 litres per hour and up to 10 litres a day，the same as 40 cups of tea.For a short amount of time，hot drinks raise your core body temperature.But it induces sweating，which then lowers your temperature.Cold and ice drinks do cool you down too.It's thought hot drinks might be slightly more effective than cold. 19．
Another way to beat the heat is wild swimming. 20． Slowly submerge （淹没） your body in the water，understand the limits of your swimming ability and know the rules about where it is safe to swim，because many people drown in hot weather.
A.But be aware of cold shock. B.Some people are more fragile to heat. C.You will definitely be ill with the icy drinks. D.Whatever the temperature is，drink lots of fluid. E.Heatwaves can leave you desperate to cool down. F.This is when heat illness and deaths start increasing. G.Moreover，having a shower or bath will cool you down faster.
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
完形填空
When I was in my late twenties，I was diagnosed with stomach cancer.Doctors operated and told me to hope for the best.I returned to Japan，where I was working，and tried to forget about it.The tumors（肿瘤）returned a year later，this time in my 21． .After a long search，the surgeons found a new 22． to remove them，but I knew this was，again，perhaps only a（n） 23． fix.I was a mess for the next six months.
Then I met a man who changed my 24． .Dr.Derek Roger had spent 30 years researching why some people in difficult situations become depressed，while others 25． .He taught me everything he'd learned，and as I started applying it，my 26． quieted down，even though my situation didn't change.In fact，the cancer came back about five years ago and remains relatively 27． in my liver.But I no longer worry about it.
The process starts with understanding that stress is caused not by other people or 28． events，but by your reactions to them.Pressure is not stress.But the former is transformed into the latter when you add one factor：constant worrying，a（n） 29． to keep rethinking past or future events，while 30． negative emotion to those thoughts.Constant worrying is ongoing and 31． ， damaging your health，productivity，and well-being.Being 32． in the past or the future also takes us away from the present，making us unable to complete the work 33． on our plates.
While struggling with cancer，it took me a couple of years to train myself.But ultimately it worked.My stress levels went down，my health improved，and my career 34． .More heartening，I discovered that everything Derek had taught me could be taught to others，with 35． results.
21．A． stomach B． liver C． brain D． lung
22．A． procedure B． evidence C． component D． direction
23．A． positive B． temporary
C． innovative D． controversial
24．A． confidence B． constitution C． approach D． phenomenon
25．A． remember B． depend C． persevere D． apologize
26．A． curiosity B． excitement C． satisfaction D． anxiety
27．A． stable B． gentle C． severe D． gradual
28．A． emergency B． perfect C． regular D． external
29．A． occasion B． tendency C． decision D． opportunity
30．A． persuading B． managing C． attaching D． overcoming
31．A． destructive B． tolerable C． shallow D． progressive
32．A． talented B． weak C． abundant D． drowned
33．A． finally B． currently C． generally D． heavily
34．A． died down B． made up C． passed by D． took off
35．A． unwanted B． similar C． natural D． likely
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
语法填空
China's economy has grown by an average of 4.5 percent each year during the past three years.Consumer prices in China 36． （ remain） stable throughout 2022，with the Consumer Price Index rising 37． around 2 percent.Moreover，production，sales，and exports of new energy vehicles rank first 38． （ global）.But officials remain cautious.
The 2022-2023 Annual Economic Conference， 39． （ hold） by the China Center for International Economic Exchanges，kicked off in Beijing on Saturday.Several Chinese economic and 40． （ finance） officials discussed China's economic blueprint outlined at the just-concluded Central Economic Work Conference.
Han Wenxiu，an official with 41． Central Committee for Commercial and Economic Affairs，noted that while fully 42． （ recognize） China's achievements， "we must also be aware 43． challenges remain".
"The epidemic still poses a negative impact，industrial supply chains are not functioning smoothly，the scientific and technological 44． （ innovate） capacity is not strong，new factors to boost growth 45． （ be） not sufficient，and social development such as employment is also facing a challenge，" Han said.
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
46．（2023高三下·汕头模拟）某英语杂志开设"一周一成语"专栏，向外国读者介绍中国成语。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿，介绍中国成语"水滴石穿"。内容包括：
1）解释字面意思；
2）阐释道理；
3）该成语对你产生的影响。
注意：
1）写作词数应为80左右：
2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3）开头已给出，不计入总词数：
4）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Here comes the Weekly Chinese Idiom－"shuǐ dī shí chuān".
47． 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Stealing a Christmas tree is something that isn't done every day.The motivation and timing were different.
I was a strong and determined boy aged 9 when Dad took sick and left Mom and me suddenly.Meanwhile，the Great Depression hit the country，but it made no difference to us.Since Mom was an invalid （病弱者），our existence depended on kind-hearted neighbors and my marvelous talent for survival.
I sold newspapers on street corners and occasionally picked up a bottle of milk from some front porch，a pie from a pantry window，or fruit from neighborhood trees.
During the first Christmas season without Dad，I got caught up in the yuletide （圣诞节期间） spirit.Like any other young boy，I enjoyed the holiday sights and sounds.My anticipation was high，but deep down in my heart was the fact that the man in the red suit skipped right over our little shack （木屋） and stopped only at houses with fireplaces.Meantime，there would be no considerable nice things to eat under the tree.Actually，there would be no tree.At least，a tree would ease the hurt.I resolved to "steal" a Christmas tree on Christmas Day and hurried to Mr.Peterson's store.
I figured out that since the store was closed and the unsold trees were usually thrown away，I was starting fair game.As I prowled （潜行） among the snow-dusted trees beside the store，old man Peterson popped out of nowhere，yelling serious threats and chasing me away.
Nels Peterson was an old and mean bachelor.The following year，he installed a fence around the Christmas tree lot and locked the gate every night.I accepted the challenge-when people were bathed in the warm glow of family togetherness，I climbed the ladder that hugged the store wall and successfully stole one tree.Next year，the ladder was removed.Ultimately，it seemed that the minute he saw me，Mr.Peterson would chase me away.
Then came a Christmas that I shall always remember with fondness and warmth.My teacher at school involved our class in making a Christmas card for our favorite person，not including our family members.
注意：（1）续写词数应为150左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I planned to make an impressive card for Nels Peterson.
……
Late Christmas Eve，surprisingly，the gate to Peterson's store was open.
答案解析部分
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
【答案】4．B
5．A
6．D
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；新闻报道类
【答案】8．B
9．A
10．A
11．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；政治经济类
【答案】12．C
13．D
14．D
15．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；学习教育类；应用文
【答案】16．F；17．B；18．G；19．D；20．A
【知识点】说明文；七选五；日常生活类
【答案】21．B；22．A；23．B；24．C；25．C；26．D；27．A；28．D；29．B；30．C；31．A；32．D；33．B；34．D；35．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
【答案】36．remained；37．by；38．globally；39．held；40．financial；41．the；42．recognizing；43．that；44．innovation或innovative；45．are
【知识点】新闻报道类
46．【答案】 Here comes the Weekly Chinese Idiom—"shuǐ dī shí chuān". In Chinse, literally, shuǐ means water, dī means dripping, and shí chuān mean cutting through a stone. The combination of the whole phrase "shuǐ dī shí chuān"is equal to the saying in the west that constant dripping wears away (a/the) stone. Integrated into an idiom, the four characters demonstrate the power of perseverance and persistence, which will contribute to achieving a challenging or seemingly unlikely objective.
This idiom has a profound impact on me, not only encouraging me to stick to my goal even in adversity with continuous efforts, but also convincing me that all the efforts are worthwhile and will payoff one day.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇说明文写作，要求考生写一篇短文投稿，介绍中国成语"水滴石穿" 。写作背景： 某英语杂志开设"一周一成语"专栏，向外国读者介绍中国成语。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）解释字面意思；2）阐释道理；3）该成语对你产生的影响。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：In Chinse, literally, shuǐ means water, dī means dripping, and shí chuān mean cutting through a stone. 运用了并列句；The combination of the whole phrase "shuǐ dī shí chuān"is equal to the saying in the west that constant dripping wears away (a/the) stone. 运用了宾语从句；Integrated into an idiom, the four characters demonstrate the power of perseverance and persistence, which will contribute to achieving a challenging or seemingly unlikely objective.运用了非限制性定语从句；This idiom has a profound impact on me, not only encouraging me to stick to my goal even in adversity with continuous efforts, but also convincing me that all the efforts are worthwhile and will payoff one day.运用了宾语从句。
47．【答案】I planned to make an impressive card for Nels Peterson.Why I included him as my favourite person remained a mystery.Maybe，it was a way to make up for stealing his thrown-away trees.On the card，a magnificently decorated tree was pasted up with trimmings，symbolizing the best wishes to the lonely man.As I worked on it，my enthusiasm was increasing with my belief that it might be the only card he would get from anybody. Having finished the card reading best wishes and a brief introduction to myself，I signed it，dashed to the outside of Mr.Peterson's home，sneaked up on the mailbox and put the card in it.Meantime，Mr.Peterson noticed me，charged out，yelling horrible threats and chased me away.I guess Mr.Peterson thought I was stealing his mail.
Late Christmas Eve，surprisingly，the gate to Peterson's store was open.In the center was even a tree.Sliding into the gate，I felt my muscles stretching out.Suddenly，the tree blazed alive，sparkling with brilliant colors of light.The brightness made me feel Mr.Peterson was watching me in the midst of a crime，but he was nowhere to be found.Then I spotted a large sign，saying "Please pull the plug and lock the gate—Merry Christmas!" Under the tree were presents and a box of groceries.With a lump in my throat，I waved，calling out， "Merry Christmas，Mr.Peterson!" Having done what his sign directed，I carried home the best Christmas I have ever had. It was a beautiful lesson on the joy of giving—a simple home-made Christmas card touched a lonely heart and opened a locked gate.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写
湖南省长沙重点中学2022-2023学年高三下学期第六次月考英语试卷
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
阅读理解
As smoke poured through the halls of a New York City high-rise on Sunday，killing 17 people in the Bronx，tenants （租客） were faced with a life-or-death decision：Should they stay put or try to escape？According to the National Fire Protection Association，just what you should do in a fire，though，depends partly on the design of the building and where the fire is.
EXIT PLAN
Generally，people should exit a burning building if safe to do so.They should feel doors before opening them，leaving them closed and looking for another way out if they are hot to the touch.Residents should shut all doors behind them to prevent the spread of smoke and fire.They should be sure to take their keys with them in case they have to return to their apartments.In most high-rise buildings，the nearest stairwell is the emergency exit.
FIREPROOF BUILDINGS
Every apartment in New York City is required to have a notice posted on the door saying whether the building is considered fireproof or not，based on the way it was constructed.Those notices instruct people living in fireproof，high-rise buildings not to exit，but instead shelter in place unless the fire is in their own apartment.
Residents who shelter in place should use wet towels，wet sheets or tape to seal doors and prevent smoke from entering.They should call 911 to alert firefighters that they are trapped and give their exact location.Trapped residents can open windows narrowly for fresh air or to signal to firefighters，but they should not break their windows.That can allow smoke to pour in from outside，leaving them with no way to keep it out.
SMOKE VS.FIRE
Most fire deaths are not caused by burns，but by smoke.Homes today tend to contain a lot of products made with chemical fibers that burn at high temperatures，helping fires spread rapidly.They also generate poisonous gases that can overcome people within moments，which can cause organ damage.
PREPARATION IS KEY
Homes need good，working smoke detectors that are checked often.In addition，residents need to have an escape plan and practice that plan.In an apartment building，residents need to ask the building manager about the emergency protections.
1．For what purpose should you feel the door when exiting____
A．To open it smoothly. B．To shut it strongly.
C．To avoid getting burnt. D．To check the keys.
2．What should you do when trapped in a burning building____
A．Report to firefighters. B．Keep windows close.
C．Point out the landmarks. D．Listen to the tapes.
3．Which will the author most probably agree to____
A．Most people usually die of burns in a fire.
B．Exit a burning building as soon as possible.
C．Awareness of emergency protections is a must.
D．Chemical fibers slow down the spread of fire.
【答案】1．C
2．A
3．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；学习教育类
阅读理解
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Sweden-born geneticist Svante P bo，recognizing him for discoveries related to the genomes （基因组） of extinct human groups that cast light on the genetic characteristics unique to present-day humans.The committee said Dr.P bo overcame challenges in recovering and analyzing ancient DNA to sequence （测序） the genome of the Neanderthal，an extinct relative of present-day humans.He also discovered a previously unknown human relative，called the Denisova.
Before Dr.P bo's research，understanding of Neanderthals came from analysis of the features of ancient bone remains and from studies of tools and other archaeological artifacts （史前古器物）.Dr.P bo's work made it possible to precisely analyze the genetic characteristics of Neanderthals and helped illustrate how different types of humans mixed on the planet during periods of coexistence.Dr.P bo's discoveries have laid the groundwork for research on how ancient gene sequences from extinct relatives influence the function of present-day humans.One example is a gene common among present-day Tibetans that makes those people better adapted to life at high altitude.It can be traced to the Denisovan genome.
Early in his career，Dr.P bo became focused on using advanced modern genetic techniques to study the DNA of Neanderthals.But DNA degrades over time meaning that，for ancient specimens （样本），only small amounts are left.When he worked in the University of Munich，he successfully sequenced DNA from a 40，000-year-old piece of bone.The DNA in question was so-called mitochondrial （线粒体的） DNA，a form of genetic material that is shorter，but more plentiful，than the extensive DNA found in the center of a cell.He went on to help establish the Max Planck Institute in Germany，where his research group continued to improve those methods with the aim of sequencing ever larger parts of an ancient genome.Those efforts ended in 2010.
Around the same time，the Max Planck group discovered that a 40，000-year-old finger bone found in the Denisova cave in the southern part of Siberia was unique when compared with all known sequences from Neanderthals and present-day humans.It marked the first time that a new type of human had been identified using only ancient DNA.
4．What is Paragraph 1 mainly about____
A．How Dr.P bo conducted the research.
B．What breakthroughs Dr.P bo has made.
C．How the committee contacted Dr.P bo.
D．Why Dr.P bo researched ancient genomes.
5．How is Dr.P bo's research different from the previous____
A．Comparing features of genes accurately.
B．Illustrating different mixtures of bones.
C．Collecting many ancient bone remains.
D．Distinguish all living humans at present.
6．What challenge did Dr.P bo overcome during the process of research____
A．Considerable specimens. B．Poor genetic techniques.
C．Different rescarch groups. D．Limited DNA information.
7．What's the possible significance of Dr.P bo's discovery____
A．Analyzing why present-day humans are better adapted to life.
B．Identifying a new human kind by using modern DNA specimens.
C．Providing the basis for exploring gene sequences unique to humans.
D．Innovating the method for discovering more extinct human relatives.
【答案】4．B
5．A
6．D
7．C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；新闻报道类
阅读理解
Football fans can hardly accuse Qatar of being tight-fisted.The Arab state has reportedly spent ﹩300 bn in the 12 years since it won the rights to host the men's World Cup.It only expects the tournament to invest ﹩17 bn back into its economy.Much of that spending has gone into building infrastructure，including an advanced new metro system built to accommodate the 1.5 m visitors expected to show up to football's biggest party.Organisers insist all the construction will serve a purpose even after the final goals are scored.
Between 1964 and 2018，31 out of 36 big events （such as World Cups or Summer and Winter Olympics） suffered heavy losses，according to researchers at the University of Lausanne.Of the 14 World Cups they analyzed，only one has ever been profitable：Russia's in 2018 generated a surplus （盈余）of ＄235 m， buoyed by a huge deal for broadcasting rights.Still，the tournament only managed a 4.6% return on investment. [The data for Mexico's World Cup in 1986 is incomplete.It probably ran a deficit （赤字）.]
Almost all the main expenses fall on the host country.FIFA，the sport's governing body，covers only operational costs.Yet it takes home most of the revenue （收入）：ticket sales，sponsorships and broadcasting rights go into its coffers （金库）.The last World Cup，for instance，scored FIFA a cool ﹩5.4 bn，part of which is then transferred to national teams.
The Lausanne data only includes expenses related to venues，such as constructing a stadium，and logistics （后勤），such as staffing costs.It ignores the value of indirect projects，like Qatar's metro infrastructure and new hotels.Some infrastructure projects make economies more productive in the long term.
Residents of host cities have begun questioning the benefits of their governments spending billions of dollars on large sporting events.As a result，fewer countries are volunteering as hosts.Seven cities bid to host the Summer Olympic Games in 2016；for 2024 there were only two eventual bidders.
These huge costs are new to the sporting world.The World Cup in 1966，featuring 16 teams，cost around ﹩200，000 per footballer （in 2018 prices）.In 2018，that figure jumped to ﹩7 m.Costs have been driven by building more new stadiums for every tournament.In Qatar，seven of the eight stadiums have been built from scratch；in 1966 England did not build any.
8．What does Qatar expect the event to do____
A．Show the economic power. B．Improve future productivity.
C．Please global football fans. D．Make up for the investment.
9．What does the underlined word "buoyed" in Paragraph 2 mean____
A．Backed. B．Increased. C．Controlled. D．Treated.
10．Who will mainly benefit from the football event financially____
A．FIFA. B．Local government.
C．The host country. D．International teams.
11．Why is this tournament in Qatar so costly____
A．Because of maintaining seven new stadiums.
B．Because it makes the least profit from the event.
C．Because of the improving cost of each footballer.
D．Because of building new infrastructure and courts.
【答案】8．B
9．A
10．A
11．D
【知识点】推理判断题；词义猜测题；细节理解题；说明文；政治经济类
阅读理解
"When we are stressed，we are more likely to want to avoid not just the task at hand，but the negative emotions we feel around that task as well，" Alicia Wafaa neuroscientist and senior lecturer at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in New York，explains. "That's because at a basic neuroscientific level，we have a bias toward the present and prefer the immediate reward of feeling good when the brain releases the neurochemical dopamine （多巴胺）. "
Essentially，our brains are hardwired to approach tasks we find enjoyable and avoid those that produce negative feelings. "Our limbic brain （大脑边缘系统），the emotional part of our brain，is saying， 'Let's do this other thing and avoid that other stressful thing，while our prefrontal cortex （前额叶脑皮层） is the CEO of our brain， " says Walf. "It's making a plan，setting the goals，and making sure we stay on track.But there can be a disconnect when our limbic brain denies that prefrontal cortex message. " Then there's the burst of energy we often get when we're up against a deadline，which leads to a reward pathway within our brains and sets the foundation for procrastination （拖延症） as a habit. "When you sprint （冲刺） to the end and get to the goal，it's so satisfying；we almost get ourselves in that pattern of 'Well，I got it done，and it felt good，'" says Walf.
In an effort to retrain your brain，Walf recommends taking breaks to refocus your attention on the task at hand.Methods such as the Pomodoro Technique can help you stay focused，in which you work within 25-minute intervals followed by five-minute breaks and continue circling until the task of the day is completed.Integrating mindfulness techniques during those breaks，such as meditation （冥想），yoga，and journaling，can also help reduce the stress that causes procrastination. "Trying to minimize stress by deliberately refocusing on whatever the task is，versus those feelings of anxiety，is about retraining your approach to stress and behaviors，" says Walf.
It can also help to " eat that frog"，or tackle the most difficult and most meaningful task of the day and do it first thing in the morning.If all else fails，try tricking your brain by giving yourself a small reward for working on the task you've been avoiding. "Little rewards really help us，especially when we're trying to reach a large goal，" says Walf. "You have to recharge and keep yourself motivated. "
12．What message is conveyed in the first two paragraphs____
A．People prefer more stressful tasks.
B．Stress produces negative feelings.
C．Stress is behind the delay on tasks.
D．Stress keeps one's brain motivated.
13．In Paragraph 2，what will probably happen when our limbic brain takes over____
A．Preparing one's tasks in advance.
B．Approaching tasks as scheduled.
C．Living up to one's purposes.
D．Leaving difficulties to the last.
14．What is one key to Pomodoro Technique according to Walf____
A．Mixing up the feelings of anxiety.
B．Watching out for working behaviors.
C．Being absent-minded during breaks.
D．Attaining a goal in a timed period.
15．What is "eat that frog" probably about____
A．Frog cooking. B．Challenge overcoming.
C．Time management. D．Morning exercise.
【答案】12．C
13．D
14．D
15．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；学习教育类；应用文
二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
阅读七选五
We spend most of the year complaining that Britain is too cold and wet but gripe （抱怨） with just as much enthusiasm about the heat.Although moaning about the weather is satisfying，it's better to take action and cool yourself down.You need to take extra care in the UK when temperatures hit 24℃. 16．
Being too hot makes you unwell and can even kill you. 17． People over 65，under five，pregnant women，those with medical conditions（such as heart disease and mental health conditions） and those who work outside need extra protection in hot weather.
Research shows that putting your feet in cold water is a good way to reduce core body temperature and keep your organs working.It will also help reduce swelling in your ankles and feet.
18． However，don't attempt to fully soak in freezing cold water as cold shock can be dangerous.In drought conditions，remember to conserve water and just concentrate on cooling either your feet，hands or neck and face，which will also be effective.
It is important to stay hydrated （补充水分） and refill the minerals we lose when we sweat.On average in very hot conditions we sweat 3-4 litres per hour and up to 10 litres a day，the same as 40 cups of tea.For a short amount of time，hot drinks raise your core body temperature.But it induces sweating，which then lowers your temperature.Cold and ice drinks do cool you down too.It's thought hot drinks might be slightly more effective than cold. 19．
Another way to beat the heat is wild swimming. 20． Slowly submerge （淹没） your body in the water，understand the limits of your swimming ability and know the rules about where it is safe to swim，because many people drown in hot weather.
A.But be aware of cold shock. B.Some people are more fragile to heat. C.You will definitely be ill with the icy drinks. D.Whatever the temperature is，drink lots of fluid. E.Heatwaves can leave you desperate to cool down. F.This is when heat illness and deaths start increasing. G.Moreover，having a shower or bath will cool you down faster.
【答案】16．F；17．B；18．G；19．D；20．A
【知识点】说明文；七选五；日常生活类
三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
完形填空
When I was in my late twenties，I was diagnosed with stomach cancer.Doctors operated and told me to hope for the best.I returned to Japan，where I was working，and tried to forget about it.The tumors（肿瘤）returned a year later，this time in my 21． .After a long search，the surgeons found a new 22． to remove them，but I knew this was，again，perhaps only a（n） 23． fix.I was a mess for the next six months.
Then I met a man who changed my 24． .Dr.Derek Roger had spent 30 years researching why some people in difficult situations become depressed，while others 25． .He taught me everything he'd learned，and as I started applying it，my 26． quieted down，even though my situation didn't change.In fact，the cancer came back about five years ago and remains relatively 27． in my liver.But I no longer worry about it.
The process starts with understanding that stress is caused not by other people or 28． events，but by your reactions to them.Pressure is not stress.But the former is transformed into the latter when you add one factor：constant worrying，a（n） 29． to keep rethinking past or future events，while 30． negative emotion to those thoughts.Constant worrying is ongoing and 31． ， damaging your health，productivity，and well-being.Being 32． in the past or the future also takes us away from the present，making us unable to complete the work 33． on our plates.
While struggling with cancer，it took me a couple of years to train myself.But ultimately it worked.My stress levels went down，my health improved，and my career 34． .More heartening，I discovered that everything Derek had taught me could be taught to others，with 35． results.
21．A． stomach B． liver C． brain D． lung
22．A． procedure B． evidence C． component D． direction
23．A． positive B． temporary
C． innovative D． controversial
24．A． confidence B． constitution C． approach D． phenomenon
25．A． remember B． depend C． persevere D． apologize
26．A． curiosity B． excitement C． satisfaction D． anxiety
27．A． stable B． gentle C． severe D． gradual
28．A． emergency B． perfect C． regular D． external
29．A． occasion B． tendency C． decision D． opportunity
30．A． persuading B． managing C． attaching D． overcoming
31．A． destructive B． tolerable C． shallow D． progressive
32．A． talented B． weak C． abundant D． drowned
33．A． finally B． currently C． generally D． heavily
34．A． died down B． made up C． passed by D． took off
35．A． unwanted B． similar C． natural D． likely
【答案】21．B；22．A；23．B；24．C；25．C；26．D；27．A；28．D；29．B；30．C；31．A；32．D；33．B；34．D；35．B
【知识点】故事阅读类；记叙文
四、语法填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
语法填空
China's economy has grown by an average of 4.5 percent each year during the past three years.Consumer prices in China 36． （ remain） stable throughout 2022，with the Consumer Price Index rising 37． around 2 percent.Moreover，production，sales，and exports of new energy vehicles rank first 38． （ global）.But officials remain cautious.
The 2022-2023 Annual Economic Conference， 39． （ hold） by the China Center for International Economic Exchanges，kicked off in Beijing on Saturday.Several Chinese economic and 40． （ finance） officials discussed China's economic blueprint outlined at the just-concluded Central Economic Work Conference.
Han Wenxiu，an official with 41． Central Committee for Commercial and Economic Affairs，noted that while fully 42． （ recognize） China's achievements， "we must also be aware 43． challenges remain".
"The epidemic still poses a negative impact，industrial supply chains are not functioning smoothly，the scientific and technological 44． （ innovate） capacity is not strong，new factors to boost growth 45． （ be） not sufficient，and social development such as employment is also facing a challenge，" Han said.
【答案】36．remained；37．by；38．globally；39．held；40．financial；41．the；42．recognizing；43．that；44．innovation或innovative；45．are
【知识点】新闻报道类
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
46．（2023高三下·汕头模拟）某英语杂志开设"一周一成语"专栏，向外国读者介绍中国成语。请你用英语写一篇短文投稿，介绍中国成语"水滴石穿"。内容包括：
1）解释字面意思；
2）阐释道理；
3）该成语对你产生的影响。
注意：
1）写作词数应为80左右：
2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3）开头已给出，不计入总词数：
4）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Here comes the Weekly Chinese Idiom－"shuǐ dī shí chuān".
【答案】 Here comes the Weekly Chinese Idiom—"shuǐ dī shí chuān". In Chinse, literally, shuǐ means water, dī means dripping, and shí chuān mean cutting through a stone. The combination of the whole phrase "shuǐ dī shí chuān"is equal to the saying in the west that constant dripping wears away (a/the) stone. Integrated into an idiom, the four characters demonstrate the power of perseverance and persistence, which will contribute to achieving a challenging or seemingly unlikely objective.
This idiom has a profound impact on me, not only encouraging me to stick to my goal even in adversity with continuous efforts, but also convincing me that all the efforts are worthwhile and will payoff one day.
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇说明文写作，要求考生写一篇短文投稿，介绍中国成语"水滴石穿" 。写作背景： 某英语杂志开设"一周一成语"专栏，向外国读者介绍中国成语。 写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）解释字面意思；2）阐释道理；3）该成语对你产生的影响。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：In Chinse, literally, shuǐ means water, dī means dripping, and shí chuān mean cutting through a stone. 运用了并列句；The combination of the whole phrase "shuǐ dī shí chuān"is equal to the saying in the west that constant dripping wears away (a/the) stone. 运用了宾语从句；Integrated into an idiom, the four characters demonstrate the power of perseverance and persistence, which will contribute to achieving a challenging or seemingly unlikely objective.运用了非限制性定语从句；This idiom has a profound impact on me, not only encouraging me to stick to my goal even in adversity with continuous efforts, but also convincing me that all the efforts are worthwhile and will payoff one day.运用了宾语从句。
47． 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Stealing a Christmas tree is something that isn't done every day.The motivation and timing were different.
I was a strong and determined boy aged 9 when Dad took sick and left Mom and me suddenly.Meanwhile，the Great Depression hit the country，but it made no difference to us.Since Mom was an invalid （病弱者），our existence depended on kind-hearted neighbors and my marvelous talent for survival.
I sold newspapers on street corners and occasionally picked up a bottle of milk from some front porch，a pie from a pantry window，or fruit from neighborhood trees.
During the first Christmas season without Dad，I got caught up in the yuletide （圣诞节期间） spirit.Like any other young boy，I enjoyed the holiday sights and sounds.My anticipation was high，but deep down in my heart was the fact that the man in the red suit skipped right over our little shack （木屋） and stopped only at houses with fireplaces.Meantime，there would be no considerable nice things to eat under the tree.Actually，there would be no tree.At least，a tree would ease the hurt.I resolved to "steal" a Christmas tree on Christmas Day and hurried to Mr.Peterson's store.
I figured out that since the store was closed and the unsold trees were usually thrown away，I was starting fair game.As I prowled （潜行） among the snow-dusted trees beside the store，old man Peterson popped out of nowhere，yelling serious threats and chasing me away.
Nels Peterson was an old and mean bachelor.The following year，he installed a fence around the Christmas tree lot and locked the gate every night.I accepted the challenge-when people were bathed in the warm glow of family togetherness，I climbed the ladder that hugged the store wall and successfully stole one tree.Next year，the ladder was removed.Ultimately，it seemed that the minute he saw me，Mr.Peterson would chase me away.
Then came a Christmas that I shall always remember with fondness and warmth.My teacher at school involved our class in making a Christmas card for our favorite person，not including our family members.
注意：（1）续写词数应为150左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I planned to make an impressive card for Nels Peterson.
……
Late Christmas Eve，surprisingly，the gate to Peterson's store was open.
【答案】I planned to make an impressive card for Nels Peterson.Why I included him as my favourite person remained a mystery.Maybe，it was a way to make up for stealing his thrown-away trees.On the card，a magnificently decorated tree was pasted up with trimmings，symbolizing the best wishes to the lonely man.As I worked on it，my enthusiasm was increasing with my belief that it might be the only card he would get from anybody. Having finished the card reading best wishes and a brief introduction to myself，I signed it，dashed to the outside of Mr.Peterson's home，sneaked up on the mailbox and put the card in it.Meantime，Mr.Peterson noticed me，charged out，yelling horrible threats and chased me away.I guess Mr.Peterson thought I was stealing his mail.
Late Christmas Eve，surprisingly，the gate to Peterson's store was open.In the center was even a tree.Sliding into the gate，I felt my muscles stretching out.Suddenly，the tree blazed alive，sparkling with brilliant colors of light.The brightness made me feel Mr.Peterson was watching me in the midst of a crime，but he was nowhere to be found.Then I spotted a large sign，saying "Please pull the plug and lock the gate—Merry Christmas!" Under the tree were presents and a box of groceries.With a lump in my throat，I waved，calling out， "Merry Christmas，Mr.Peterson!" Having done what his sign directed，I carried home the best Christmas I have ever had. It was a beautiful lesson on the joy of giving—a simple home-made Christmas card touched a lonely heart and opened a locked gate.
【知识点】文字式记叙文；开放性作文；读后续写