卷子答案网-一个不只有答案的网站2023届上海高三英语完形填空合集
一、复附&华二联考（2022年11月）
Stopping railway trains colliding requires knowing where they are. In olden days this was done by the (41)_________ between driver and signalman of a token showing that a block of track was occupied. Now, automatic devices detect and report a train’s (42)_________. But the principle is the same. Lines in a railway network are divided into blocks, and only one train at a time is allowed in a block.
Rationing space this way can, though, lead to (43)_________. More precise information of each train’s whereabouts would permit trains to travel closer together without compromising safety, and therefore allow more services to be run. But what might seem the obvious approach to doing this—to (44)_________ the satellite-based global positioning system (GPS) or one of its equivalents—is not actually suitable. GPS is (45)_________ in tunnels. And where several sets of tracks run in (46)_________ (for example, at junctions) satellite-based systems can have difficulty (47)_________ which track a train is on, with potentially catastrophic consequences. But Martin Lauer of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, in Germany, thinks he has a(n) (48)_________.
His invention, dubbed the Magnetic Railway Onboard Sensor (MAROS) and unveiled on September 20th at the InnoTrans trade fair in Berlin, uses information (49)_________ in the very rails a train is running on, in the form of something called their magnetic permeability. Employing this, that train’s position on the network can be determined exactly.
MAROS works by lowering a pair of detector coils（线圈） over each rail and passing (50)_________ currents through them. These currents are influenced by the magnetic properties of nearby metal objects. The production of rails for railways takes care to make them (51)_________ strong and smooth, but their magnetic permeability is not among the specifications. That means a train carrying a MAROS detector picks up random (52)_________ from the rails beneath.
Being random, the (53)_________ pattern of permeability is probably unique to a given stretch of the network. For a 200-metre section, Dr Lauer calculates, there is about one chance in a trillion that it is duplicated anywhere on the 2.3bn kilometres of track currently laid around the world.
To get the system working on a particular route, a test train rides it a few times to (54)_________ the fluctuations in the rails. After that, trains running the route would continually compare the permeability measurements from the detectors with those on the map, and then report their position to the network traffic controller.
Local changes in magnetic permeability caused by wear and tear or lightning strikes would show up during routine usage and, once confirmed, could be added to the map. Moreover, because MAROS detector-coils come in pairs, the different times that each pass the same pattern in the track can be used to calculate a train’s speed and acceleration more accurately than the alternative of measuring the rotation of its wheels, because metal wheels on metal rails frequently slip.
Dr Lauer’s commercial partner, a firm called itk Engineering, has been testing the system on scheduled train services plying a 130km route in Austria and reckons it will be ready for market in 2025. Dr Lauer himself estimates that using MAROS could increase the (55)_________ of a busy rail network by 20-30%. It would also cost less than the existing system of sensors and beacons.
41. A. giving in B. taking on C. handing over D. looking to
42. A. carriage B. departure C. breakdown D. passage
43. A inefficiency B. vacancy C. misfortune D. resistance
44. A. upgrade B. integrate C. employ D. revise
45. A. irregular B. unavailable C. invisible D. unbelievable
46. A. opposite B. straight C. curve D. parallel
47. A. distinguishing B. controlling C. dragging D. assisting
48. A. instinct B. request C. licence D. alternative
49 A. transferred B. encoded C. composed D. modified
50 A. violent B. alternating C. permanent D.sudden
51. A. uniformly B. respectively C. temporarily D. delicately
52. A. errors B. digits C. variations D.speeds
53. A. definite B. imaginary C. resulting D. confusing
54. A. work with B. map out C. get rid of D. concentrate on
55. A. extension B. density C. prospect D. capacity
答案：
41-45 CDACB
46-50 DADBB
51-55 ACCBD
二、上海市浦东复旦附中高三上英语10月阶段评估-完形填空
One of the supposed benefits of being in a long-term relationship is the guarantee that those involved will not be forced to spend time alone.
Advocates of marriage argue that living as a couple or as a family helps to prevent situations of loneliness and isolation, which can (41)__________ lead to anxiety,depression,and other health problems,especially in old age.
This psychological course,however,is in (42)__________with many spiritual leaders philosophers, and artists who praise the advantages of spending time alone.(43)__________,some of the most celebrated thinkers and creators--from Wordsworth(1770-1850.English poet) to Einstein and others- praised the value of spending time away from others.
What if instead of focusing on the disadvantages of being lonely and by oneself,the focus was (44)__________ the benefits of solitude
Solitude, like loneliness,implies spending time alone.Yet, in direct contrast to loneliness. solitude can often be a positive state of being that should be (45)__________rather than avoided.
Instead of focusing on the negative experiences of being alone, the study of solitude as a (46)__________reveals that a different approach to this reality can promote freedom creativity, intimacy spirituality, and therefore happiness.
(47)__________, solitude brings rewards to those who value it.Singles,then particularly singles who appreciate the value of spending time alone can benefit greatly from the relationship circumstances that facilitate solitude that would be more elusive(不常见的)for individuals living with their partners.
In fact, boosting the happiness that singles can gain from solitude is the idea that those who are single. or plainly single at heart are more likely to enjoy and benefit from solitude.Single at heart (48)__________ a type of individual whose personality and nature mean that they live the happiest. fullest, and most authentic lives when they are not in relationships.People who are single at heart thrive the most from solitude and self-sufficiency and are also more likely to reap (49)__________rewards from spending time by themselves.
Some studies even point out how being single and (50)__________ can be beneficial.For example,in (51)__________psychological resources available to married and never-married adults. an analysis indicates no significant differences in mental health between the study groups.
(52)__________,the study suggests that never-married individuals achieve a higher level of personal mastery than their married counterparts,particularly those above the age of forty. (53)__________,those who had never married had clearer personal visions and goals,exhibited higher levels of patience and were more prepared to view reality (54)__________.
There is even evidence to suggest that singles who are more accustomed to benefiting from time spent alone,are capable of being their own sources of comfort and security though further research is required in order to establish the (55)__________ behind this phenomenon.
41.A.in turn B.for sure C. at least D.by accident
42.A.agreement B.conflict C.contact D.negotiation
43.A.Hopefully B.Roughly C.Historically D.Spiritually
44.A. committed to B. attributed to C. attached to D. shifted to
45.A.tackled B. sought C.assumed D.deposited
46.A. subject B.discipline C. practice D.concept
47.A.Anyway B.Likewise C. Yet D. Indeed
48.A. refers to B. approves of C.accounts for D.figures out
49.A.physiological B.emotional C.economic D.physical
50.A.self-defensive B.self-aware C.self-evident D.self-sufficient
51.A.comparing B.exploiting C.distributing D.conserving
52.A. Nevertheless B.Moreover C.Thus D.Otherwise
53.A. Above all B. Better still C. In other words D. On the other hand
54.A. sensitively B. keenly C.deliberately D.objectively
55.A.remedies B. mechanisms C. relations D. secrets
答案：
41-45 ABCDB
46-50 CDABD
51-55 ABCDB
三、华师大二附中2022-2023学年高三英语测试-完形填空
An idea whose time has come: the four-day workweek
The four-day workweek’s moment has arrived.With California Congressman Mark Takano’s introduction of legislation to reduce the standard workweek from 40 to 32 hours, awareness of a shorter workweek-and (41)___________for it-is gaining.And so is the skepticism (怀疑)around it.
Initial skepticism is a(n)(42)___________ response to a great change in how we think about work. American work culture has been defined by ideals of career as identity,workaholism and ambitions for continuous growth. It is not (43)___________to free ourselves from the only reality we know.
And yet, if there were ever a right time,this is it.For so many, the muscles of adaptation have (44)___________ over the past two years with every challenge brought on by the pandemic and other global crises. The rapid,significant transition across industries to working from home provided evidence that we can (45) ___________ quickly in response to changing conditions. Now, we have an opportunity to exercise these muscles to (46) ___________evolve from outdated conceptions of what work must look like.
Four-day workweek pilots are emerging across the globe,with some companies now shifting from the (47)___________ stage to implementing the policy permanently.Microsoft Japan,Unilever New Zealand and Kickstarter represent just a few of a growing number of organizations exploring the four-day workweek.(48) ___________ political leaders are voicing support for the concept.Last year, New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern approved employers implementing a four-day workweek to help stimulate domestic tourism in response to industry downturn brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Advocates mention many (49) ___________ ,including reduced burnout improved physical and mental health, increased gender equity, and positive environmental impacts.It is easy to imagine what we might do with an additional day-spend time with family and friends,pursue a hobby,enroll in classes,sleep.Many in favor of the four-day workweek envision a more (50) ___________ and rested community.Pilot findings show increased productivity as well.Among companies that have adopted a four-day week, nearly two-thirds report increased productivity.
Some leaders will see the research and be (51) ___________ that a pilot in their organization is worthwhile.Others will resist the idea.What theories or beliefs are at the root of their concerns Many leaders were taught that face-time with employees is the only way to ensure accountability, productivity and teamwork.Less face-time,which follows the four-day workweek model and work-from-home arrangements, can feel to some like (52) ___________ control.
For leaders of organizations and teams,the shift to a four-day workweek requires re-imagining standard operating procedures, increasing innovation and,perhaps most importantly,trusting in (53) ___________ . Let employees work out the details rather than trying to “solve” the four-day workweek challenge (54) _____________ .Awin, a Berlin-based tech firm, saw 80 employees volunteer for task forces to ensure that their switch to a four-day workweek went smoothly.Those who are closest to the work and potential challenges are often closest to the (55)____________. The website www. also offers many resources to help companies design a four-day workweek pilot.
41.A.dislike B.substitution C.responsibility D.ehthusiasm
42.A.delayed B .reasonable C. incorrect D.official
43.A.late B.practical C. easy D.impossible
44.A.loosen B.hurt C. strengthened D.trembled
45.A.withdraw B.fail C.defend D.adapt
46.A.center B.recovery C.design D. pilot
48.A.As a result B .What's more C.By contrast D.In fact
49. A.concems B.assumptions C.threats D.benefits
50.A.isolated B.experienced C. fulfilled D.modernized
51.A.reminded B. convinced C.informed D.wared
52. A.a sense of B.a drain on C. a loss of D.a waste of
53. A.employees B.advocates C.campaigners D.leaders
54. A.from the scratch B. from the bottom up
C. from the middle D.from the top down
55. A.risks B.procedures C. solutions D.resources
答案：
41-45 DBCCD
46-50 ADBDC
51-55 BCADC
复旦附中2022学年第一学期高三年级第一次教学质量检测
Bruno went into the kitchen and got the biggest surprise of his life. He could barely believe his eyes.“ Shmuel!” he said. “What are you doing here in my kitchen ”
Shmuel looked up and his terrified face (41)_________ a broad smile when he saw his friend standing there. “Bruno!” he said.‘‘They asked me to polish the glasses. They said they needed someone with tiny (42)_________ .’
He held his hand out and Bruno noticed that it was like the hand of the pretend skeleton.In reply, Bruno held his own hand out so that the tips of their middle fingers were almost touching. Bruno’s hand appeared (43)_________ and full of life. The veins weren’t visible through the skin, the fingers weren’t little more than dying twigs. Shmuel’s hand, however, told a very (44)_________ story.
“ Shmuel! Here!” said Bruno, stepping forward and putting some slices of chicken in his friend’s hand. “Just eat them.” The boy stared at the food in his hand for a moment and then looked up at Bruno with wide and (45)_________ but terrified eyes. He threw a (46)_________ in the direction of the door and then thrust all the slices into his mouth (47)_________and gobbled them down in twenty seconds .
“Thank you, Bruno.” said Shmuel, giving a faint smile.
Bruno smiled back and was about to offer him more food, but just at that moment Lieutenant Kotler reappeared. Bruno stared at him,feeling the (48)_________ grow heavy, sensing Shmuels shoulders sinking down.
(49)_________ Bruno,Lieutenant Kotler marched over to Shmuel and glared at him.Shmuel looked up at Lieutenant Kotler, who frowned,(50)_________forward slightly and tilting his head as he examined the boy’s face.“You have been eating,said Lieutenant Kotler.“ Did you steal something from that fridge ” Shmuel looked toward Bruno,his eyes (51)_________for help.
“Answer me!” shouted Lieutenant Kotler.
“No, sir.He gave it to me,”said Shmuel, tears welling up in his eyes as he threw a sideways glance at Bruno. “He’s my friend, he added.
“Do you know this boy,Bruno ”he asked in a loud voice.
Bruno’s mouth (52)_________open and he tried to remember the way you used your mouth if you wanted to say the word “yes”. He’d never seen anyone look so terrified as Shmuel did at that moment and he wanted to say the right thing to make things better, but then he realized that he couldn’t because he was feeling just as (53)_________ himself.
“Tell me,Bruno!” shouted Kotler, his face growing red.“I won’t ask you a third time.”
“I’ve never seen him before in my life.”said Bruno immediately“I don’t know him.”
Hearing that,Shmuel wasn’t crying any more merely staring at the floor and looking as if he was trying to (54)_________his soul not to live inside his tiny body any more, but to (55)_________away and sail to the door and rise up into the sky, gliding through the clouds until it was far away.
41.A. burst out B. broke into C.look forward D.turned around
42.A. ears B. bodies C. figures D. fingers
43.A. healthy B.slim C.bony D.clumsy
44.A. adventurous B.crazy C. exploratory D. different
45.A.vacant B. intense C.grateful D. pathetic
46.A. slice B. glance C.shadow D. peek
47.A.by and by B. one after another C.in one go D. at one time
48.A.atmosphere B.environment C.compulsion D.schedule
49.A.Conquering B.Abusing C.Neglecting D.Ignoring
50.A.looking B. leaning C.applauding D.falling
51.A.calling B.agonizing C. pleading D.searching
52.A.dropped B.swung C. lay D.snapped
53.A.furious B.scary C.horrifying D.terrified
54.A. bind B.convince C.sympathize D.rescue
55.A. slip B.wash C.smooth D.escape
答案：41-45 BDADC
46-50 BCADB
51-55 CADBA
五、向明中学高三月考
We hold certain professions to a higher standard when it comes to the mental health of their workers, and for a good reason.Doctors, police officers and pilots,41 , have jobs that put others’ safety in their hands. So as evidence mounted about the psychological condition of Andreas Lubitz, a co-pilot in the March 24 Germanwings plane crash in 2015, it raised important questions about how to safeguard against such 42 .
Lufthansa, the parent company of Germanwings says, Lubitzhad 43 the airline of a “serious depressive episode” in 2009 in his record, back when he was training to be a pilot. Investigators say Lubitz’s record also indicated“suicidal tendencies”.While it’s not clear why Lubitz apparently drove the plane into a mountainside in the French Alps, his case puts 44 on the imperfect system for screening(筛查)and supporting-pilots who are depressed or 45 other psychological conditions.
In the US,commercial pilots over 40 must submit to a physical and mental 46 every six months; before age 40 it’s once a year. Physical health is easier to quantify than mental wellness, however “You somehow 47 to see if the pilot is well, and it’s not the easiest thing,” says Dr.AlpoVuorio, a physician at the Mehilainen Airport Health Center in Finland who has studied depression and suicide.
Most airlines have psychological support programs for its crews; it’s a matter of 48 pilots to take advantage of them.“It’s a macho thing.You don’t want to admit you need help,” says Scott Shappell, a professor at Embry-Riddle Aeronautics University. That maybe why according to Vuorio who evaluates pilots for the U.S.Federal Aviation Administration(FAA),only about half of the pilots who experience depression 49 their symptoms. “It’s one of the most difficult things in aviation medicine,” says Vuorio.
Experts say the vast majority of depressed people pose no harm to themselves or others,and most can be successfully treated-but the 50 remains. Until 2000, the FAA had a ban on antidepressant use, making it an automatic disqualifier for pilots.After studies convinced officials such drugs don’t affect pilots alertness or mental faculties,the FAA change its 51 .
The FAA and the European Aviation Safety Agency require commercial pilots to self-report any 52 or mental health issues,along with a list of recent doctor visits and any medications they’re taking. But, not all pilots do. “Pilots know if they self-report,it will be a black mark” on their 53 , says Shappel. Any pilot reporting depression for the first time is automatically grounded before being re-evaluated and cleared to fly.
As with depression in any field. it’s hard to detect unless people 54 help.If they’ve not been honest we just don’t know,”says Vuorio.If a pilot is caught hiding a medical or psychological issue, the FAA still issues 55 : large fines and a revoked license.
41.A.in conclusion B. as a result C.for instance D. without doubt
42. A.people B. tragedies C. events D. consequences
43. A. assured B. cheated C.accused D.informed
44. A. mercy B. spotlight C. remarks D. impression
45. A. adapt to B. suffer from C. take to D. deal with
46. A.evaluation B. standard C.problem D. measure
47. A. decide B.intend C.try D. agree
48. A. persuading B. advising C. ordering D. forcing
49.A.explain B.report C. discover D. understand
50.A.stain B. instant C. dissatisfaction D.pity
51.A.environment B.way C.position D. task
52.A.medical B.cultural C. biological D.technical
53.A.face B. record C.family D.business
54.A. need B. seek C.refuse D. offer
55.A.regulations B. warning C. orders D.punishment
答案：
41-45 CBDBB
46-50 ACABA
51-55 CABBD