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英语试题
全卷满分150 分，考试时间120 分钟。
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4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题， 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt
A. $ 19.15. B. $ 9.18. C. $ 9.15.
答案是C.
1. What will Thomas do this weekend
A. Visit an old friend. B. Throw a birthday party. C. Get on a weekend getaway.
2. What does the woman ask the man to do
A. Hold the lift for her. B. Cary a heavy suitcase. C. Take care of her suitcases.
3. When will the man see Lucia
A. This Thursday. B. This Friday. C. Next Monday.
4. Why does the man apologize to the woman
A. He overturned a drink. B. He served wrong food. C. He mistook her for a waiter.
5. What are the speakers talking about
A. A song. B. Music trends. C. A composer.
第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why does Sara make the phone call
A To ask for advice. B. To hold a contest. C. To sign up for a course.
7.How might Sara. feel now
A. Confident. B. Relieved. C. Anxious.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8, Where are their parents now
A. On a bus. B. In a taxi. C. In a restaurant.
9. What is the woman’s suggestion
A. Cooking the turkey themselves.
B. Picking up the turkey personally.
C. Calling up the restaurant for help.
听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。
10. What jam is the woman’s favorite
A. The apple jam. B. The tomato jam. C. The strawberry jam.
11. What will they have for breakfast
A. Pancakes and jam. B. Eggs and bacon. C. Bananas and milk.
12. How soon will Jill’s father come to meet them
A In 22 minutes. B. In 23 minutes. C. In 37 minutes.
13. What’s Jill’s father’s initial plan for the afternoon
A. To go fishing. B. To pick up a friend. C. To attend a meeting.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What job is David applying for
A. A project engineer. B. A sales engineer. C. An electric engineer.
15. What is a must for David’s desired position
A. Skills on developing applications.
B. A degree in computer engineering.
C. Hands-on programming experiences.
16. What experience did David have
A. He developed a webpage. B. He designed a mobile phone. C. He developed an application.
17. What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Close friends. B. Fellow workers. C. College schoolmates.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When was Steve Henneberry born
A. In 1964. B. In 1969. C. In 1979.
19. What happened to Steve in 1989
A. He started a magazine. B. He won the Mr. America title. C. He began to pursue acting career.
20. What does Steve owe his success to
A. Good luck. B. His realistic goals. C. Long-term commitment.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5 分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Salt Path; A Memoir
by Raynor Winn (Author)
Used - Good $6.60
Condition The cover has visible markings and wear. The pages show normal wear and tear, Codes or product keys that accompany this product may not be useful.
Ships from Goodwill Retail Services, Inc.
Sold by Goodwill Retail Services, Inc.
★★★★★ (28548 ratings) 97% positive over last 12 months
Used- Very Good $6.66
Condition The cover is clean but may show some signs of wear. Some pages may have folding.
Ships from Goodwill Southern California
Sold by Goodwill Southern California
★★★★★ ( 174151 ratings) 95% positive over last 12 months
Used - Like New $6.75
Condition The book has been read once and is in perfect condition. Excellent like new copy.
Ships from fpatrickgilbert
Sold by fpatrickgilbert
★★★★★ (406 ratings) 98% positive over lifetime
Used - Acceptable $6.67
Condition This item is in overall acceptable condition. Covers and dust jackets are intact (完好无损的) but may have heavy wear including wrinkles, bends, edge wear, or minor tears as well as stickers. Pages are intact but it has bends, and considerable highlighting/writing. A well-read copy overall.
Ships from Missouri_ Goodwill_Industries
Sold by Missouri_ Goodwill_Industries
★★★★★ (52775 ratings) 95% positive over last 12 months
Please note that all items are donated goods and are in used condition. Orders shipped Monday through Friday! Your purchase helps put people to work and learn life skills to reach their full potential. Thank you!
1. By which company is the second cheapest copy sold
A. Fatrickgilbert. B. Goodwill Retail Services, Inc.
C. Goodwill Southern California. D. Missouri Goodwill Industries.
2. What can we know about the book classified as “Acceptable”
A. There’s trace of use in it. B. It’s got the most ratings.
C. It has a brand new cover. D. Its product keys are useless
3. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To collect used goods. B. To sell second-hand books.
C. To advertise a book launch. D. To promote a delivery company.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了The Salt: A Memoir这本书不同旧书的书本状况和价格。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。四本书的价钱分别是$6.60，$6.66，$6.75和$6.67，通过对比可知，第二个小标题的旧书是第二便宜的，是$6.66，该书由Goodwill Southern California售出。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一个小标题下的“Pages are intact but it has bends, and considerable highlighting/writing.(页面是完整的，但它有弯曲，和相当多的标示/记录。)”可知，分类为“Acceptable”的这本书有标示的部分和记录，可知是有阅读过的痕迹。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段的“Please note that all items are donated goods and are in used condition. Orders shipped Monday through Friday! Your purchase helps put people to work and learn life skills to reach their full potential.(请注意，所有物品都是捐赠物品，并处于使用状态。订单发货周一至周五!你的购买可以帮助人们找到工作，学习生活技能，充分发挥他们的潜力。)”可知，全文介绍了The Salt Path; A Memoir这本书别人捐赠的不同版本，并有价格等售卖信息，因此这篇文章的目的是卖旧书。故选B。
B
Velcro is a hook-and-loop(钩和环, 粘扣的) device that is commonly found on a wide range of products, such as shoes, jackets, and a lot of other equipment in offices, kitchens, and garages. It’s also the name of the company that originally created the “thing” generally known as Velcro .
George de Mestral, a Swiss electrical engineer, is the inventor of Velcro . How he came to the idea of actually making this thing that we call Velcro is a truly incredible story.
One fine morning in 1948, Mestral went for a walk with his dog. After returning from the walk, he found that some seeds get stuck to the dog’s fur. However, the man’s attention was turned to his own trousers, where many similar seeds also attached.
Upon closer examination, he observed that there were many small hooks in the seeds that stuck firmly to the loops in the fabric of his trousers. The first idea for what would eventually become Velcro struck him like a lightning. If he could artificially recreate the same thing, by making pairs of hooks-and-loops that stick to each other firmly, then there would be almost no need to tie things up all the time to secure them, nor would zippers(拉链), which were quite popular in those days, be necessary any longer. He decided to call the product he formed Velcro .
Like many inventions, Velcro also faced a great deal of criticism, but Mestral stood by his design and continued to make structural changes to enhance its bonding strength. He worked with a Frenchman to come up with a perfect hook -and-loop device. Mestral patented Velcro in 1955.
Velcro didn’t do too well initially; much of that was due to its lack of aesthetic(美学的) appeal. It came in dull colors and often looked quite “unattractive”. But soon, even NASA helped to boost Velcro ’s image by using it in a lot of equipment that went into space along with astronauts.
4. What can we know about Velcro
A. It’s been edged out by zippers. B. It’s an established shoe brand.
C. It’s a nature inspired invention. D. It’s a hook commonly used in offices.
5. Which best describes George de Mestral
A. Observant. B. Demanding.
C. Overconfident. D. Weather-beaten.
6. What was the public initial reaction to Velcro
A. Uncaring. B. Highly critical.
C. Positive. D. Fiercely divided.
7. What is the text mainly about
A. A famous inventor. B. A remarkable creation.
C. An unexpected discovery. D. An unforgettable experience.
【答案】4. C 5. A 6. B 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了魔力贴的发明故事。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中“Upon closer examination, he observed that there were many small hooks in the seeds that stuck firmly to the loops in the fabric of his trousers. The first idea for what would eventually become Velcro struck him like a lightning.(仔细一看，他发现种子里有许多小钩子，牢牢地粘在裤子的衣兜上。最终成为维可牢尼龙搭扣的第一个想法就像闪电一样击中了他。)”可知，George de Mestral 在散步的过程中发现有种子粘在狗身上和自己的裤子上，从而受到启发，发明了魔力贴。故选 C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“One fine morning in 1948, Mestral went for a walk with his dog. After returning from the walk, he found that some seeds get stuck to the dog’s fur. However, the man’s attention was turned to his own trousers, where many similar seeds also attached.( 1948年一个晴朗的早晨，George de Mestral带着他的狗去散步。散步回来后，他发现一些种子粘在了狗的皮毛上。然而，这名男子的注意力转向了自己的裤子，裤子上也附着了许多类似的种子。)”以及第四段中“Upon closer examination, he observed that there were many small hooks in the seeds that stuck firmly to the loops in the fabric of his trousers. The first idea for what would eventually become Velcro struck him like a lightning.(仔细一看，他发现种子里有许多小钩子，牢牢地粘在裤子的衣兜上。最终成为维可牢尼龙搭扣的第一个想法就像闪电一样击中了他。)”可知，George de Mestral 在日常生活中观察到别人没有留意的细节，并发明魔力贴，可知他善于观察。故选 A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Like many inventions, Velcro also faced a great deal of criticism(像许多发明一样，维可牢尼龙搭扣也面临着大量的批评，)”和最后一段中“Velcro didn’t do too well initially; much of that was due to its lack of aesthetic(美学的) appeal. (维可牢尼龙搭扣一开始表现不佳；这在很大程度上是由于它缺乏审美吸引力。)”可知，一开始魔力贴是遭到了强烈批评的。故选B。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中“George de Mestral, a Swiss electrical engineer, is the inventor of Velcro . How he came to the idea of actually making this thing that we call Velcro is a truly incredible story.(瑞士电气工程师George de Mestral是Velcro 的发明者。他是如何想到制作这种我们称之为魔术贴的东西的，这真是一个令人难以置信的故事。)”以及通读全文可知，本文介绍了魔力贴是如何被发明出来的这个故事。B选项“A remarkable creation.( 一个非凡的创造。)”概括文章主要内容。故选B。
C
If you’ve ever driven across the United States of America, you have passed beneath the wings of a courageous songbird — smaller than your palm, light as your change pocket, feathered in bright blue and yellowish-brown — called the cliff swallow (崖燕). Where other animals flee the human footprint, cliff swallows don’t. They should properly be called the bridge swallow, for our steel spans have furnished it with more nesting sites. Once a bird of the western mountains, in the last century cliff swallows have spread onto the Great Plains and across them, making their mud nests under bridges, works of birds’ engineering no less impressive than our own.
For the last four decades Brown has paid annual visits to more than two hundred nesting sites in Nebraska, trying to figure out what makes swallow societies success or fail. “Ninety-eight percent of cliff swallows in western Nebraska,” Brown said; “are within fifty feet of a road.”
Near a road, of course, is the most dangerous place an animal can live. When Brown began studying swallows in the 1980s, he often picked up dead swallows on the roads, wings broken and heads crushed (压变形). However, Brown found swallow roadkill had been decreasing. By 2011 it had dropped to four. Somehow swallows had become harder to kill.
He found his answer. When he stretched a tape measure from the birds’ shoulders to their outermost feathers, he found car struck swallows had longer wings than the average bird he caught in his nets. Brown immediately understood the significance. Traffic was weeding slower long-winged swallows from the population and favoring the quicker, short-winged ones -Darwinian selection in action.
“Centuries ago ... cliff swallows had existed largely beyond human influence; now they were so involved in our world that our infrastructure (基础设施) had influenced their DNA,” Brown said. Cliff swallows were rare winners of concrete and steel. Yet their success had come at a cost — to the long-winged swallows erased from the population and to the birds’ altered genes themselves. They had been shaped by the road.
8. What is special about cliff swallows
A. They flee steel and concrete. B. They are good at social engineering.
C. They take on colors of the background. D. They take advantage of human footprint.
9. What leads to cliff swallows’ survival from the roadkill
A. Human aid. B. Traffic control.
C. Natural selection. D. Infrastructure improvement.
10. What did cliff swallows’ success cost them
A. Habitat loss. B. Genetic abnormalities.
C. Dramatic declines in population. D. Removal of a genetic characteristic.
11. The text is most likely taken from a book about ________.
A. road ecology B. DNA profiling
C. urban development D. biological diversity
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. D 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一本书节选，为说明文。文章介绍了人类的道路设施改变了崖燕的筑巢地点，进而改变了其基因。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Where other animals flee the human footprint, cliff swallows don’t. They should properly be called the bridge swallow, for our steel spans have furnished it with more nesting sites.(其他动物会逃离人类的足迹，崖燕却不会。它们应该被恰当地称为桥燕，因为我们的钢桥为它们提供了更多的筑巢地点)”可知，和其他动物远离人类足迹不同，崖燕利用人类的设施建筑巢穴。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三、四段中整体内容可判断，被车撞死的崖燕逐渐减少，是因为移动不够敏捷的长羽崖燕被慢慢淘汰，由此可知，是自然抉择使得崖燕这个族群可以幸存下来。第四段的最后一句“Traffic was weeding slower long-winged swallows from the population and favoring the quicker, short-winged ones -Darwinian selection in action.(交通拥堵使速度较慢的长羽崖燕从种群中消失，而青睐速度较快的短羽崖燕——达尔文选择在起作用)”也是明证。故选 C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Yet their success had come at a cost — to the long-winged swallows erased from the population and to the birds’ altered genes themselves.(然而，它们的成功是有代价的——长羽崖燕从种群中消失，它们的基因也发生了改变)”可知，长羽崖燕在种群适者生存的过程中消失了，从而也导致这种遗传特征在种群中不复存在。故选 D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。文章讲述了崖燕改变筑巢地点后，从道路的牺牲者，到为了适应新的生存环境族群产生基因改变，可知本文很可能是选自有关道路生态的一本书籍。道路生态学是研究道路对生态系统的影响的科学。故选 A。
D
Since 1992, people have been talking about “Dunbar’s number,” the supposed upper limit of the number of people with whom a person can maintain stable social relationships. Named for British scientist Robin Dunbar, its value, rounded from 148 to 150, has permeated both professional and popular culture.
The Swedish taxation authority keeps offices under 150 people as a result of it, and the standard facilities of the W. L. Gore and Associates company are based around the concept. Dunbar’s number was cited in the bestselling book Tipping Point, and it also has a fair amount of academic influence.
Despite its fame, Dunbar’s number is probably wrong, according to a new study.
Less well known than the value of Dunbar’s number is how he came up with it. The value of 150 is determined by looking at the ratio(比率) between the size of a certain part of the primate(灵长类动物) brain and the average size of groups they form. These ratios were then applied to data on the human brain, and the average value of roughly 150 relationships was determined.
In the new study, the researchers did similar calculations but with updated information on the size of monkey brains and social networks. When the researchers applied Dunbar’s exact same methods to their new data, they got a 95% confidence interval(置信区间) between roughly 5 and 292 people. This is far too wide a range to be of any use.
Additionally, the researchers noted the fact that human brains often work differently than those of our nearest cousins, as evidenced by our ability to create things. The idea that we would process social information exactly like other primates do is a bold and largely unsupported claim.
So, is there a new Dunbar number Well, this isn’t the point of this study. The researchers end their paper with: “It is our hope that this study will put an end to the use of ‘Dunbar’s number’ within science and in popular media.”
12. What does the underlined word “permeated” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Well preserved. B. Deeply affected.
C. Depended heavily on. D. Take full advantage of.
13. How does the author clarify his point in paragraph 2
A. By giving examples. B. By extending definitions.
C. By drawing comparisons. D. By making classifications.
14. Why did the researchers dismiss the idea of Dunbar’s number
A. The samples were too small to be of any use.
B. Dunbar’s number has always been the subject of debate.
C. The calculation leading to Dunbar’s number is too complex.
D. The ratio from primates could not be carried over to humans.
15. What might be the purpose of the new study
A. To replace Dunbar’s number.
B. To offer Dunbar’s number new evidence.
C. To stop the spreading of Dunbar’s number.
D. To find new applications of Dunbar’s number.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了邓巴数的影响以及一项新研究对邓巴数的质疑。
【12题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中“The Swedish taxation authority keeps offices under 150 people as a result of it, and the standard facilities of the W. L. Gore and Associates company are based around the concept. Dunbar’s number was cited in the bestselling book Tipping Point, and it also has a fair amount of academic influence.(因此，瑞典税务当局将办公室控制在150人以下，戈尔公司的标准设施也是基于这一概念。邓巴的数字被引用在畅销书《引爆点》中，它也有相当大的学术影响力。)”可知，第二段中通过列举各种例子在各个行业和职业中产生的巨大影响。由此推断permeated 是“极大影响着”的意思。故选 B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“The Swedish taxation authority keeps offices under 150 people as a result of it, and the standard facilities of the W. L. Gore and Associates company are based around the concept. Dunbar’s number was cited in the bestselling book Tipping Point, and it also has a fair amount of academic influence.(因此，瑞典税务当局将办公室控制在150人以下，戈尔公司的标准设施也是基于这一概念。邓巴的数字被引用在畅销书《引爆点》中，它也有相当大的学术影响力。)”可知，第二段中列举了许多例子来证明邓巴数对社会的巨大影响，所以这一段作者使用了举例子的方式来推进文章。故选 A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“The idea that we would process social information exactly like other primates do is a bold and largely unsupported claim.(认为我们会像其他灵长类动物一样处理社会信息的想法是一个大胆且基本上没有证据支持的说法。)”可知，人与猿类处理社交信息的方式不一样，因而从灵长类动物那里获得数据并不适应于人类即灵长类动物的这一比例不能延续到人类身上。因此研究者们不考虑对邓巴数的使用。故选 D。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中““It is our hope that this study will put an end to the use of ‘Dunbar’s number’ within science and in popular media.”(“我们希望这项研究能够终结‘邓巴数字’在科学界和大众媒体中的使用。”)”可知，新研究的研究者们是希望自己的研究能够终结人们对邓巴数的使用。故选 C。
第二节．(共5小题; 每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Anxiety is a sense of worry, fear, or unease which might make your hands sweat or your heart race. It’s a normal response to stressful situations.___16___Or going on a date. Or performing in a concert.
A bit of anxiety can work up your energy and focus.___17___Feeling anxious about an upcoming test, for example, can push you to study. Techniques like deep breathing can help you power through the unpleasantness of anxiety.
But for some people, anxiety can become too much to bear. They might have frequent, intense fears about everyday situations. Or they might feel worried or afraid for no reason at all. If this high level of anxiety lasts long, it can make it hard to focus or fall asleep, bringing about health problems.___18___
___19___People with social anxiety have intense fears of being judged by others. People with phobias(恐惧症), meanwhile, are very afraid of things that do not pose much real danger, such as spiders or heights. And people with panic disorder experience panic attacks in the absence of any real danger. Other examples of anxiety disorders include obsessive-compulsive(强迫性的) disorder and post-traumatic(创伤后的) stress disorder.
Anxiety disorders are common. An estimated one-third of all U.S. teens have experienced one. And there are many factors that may heighten someone’s risk of developing an anxiety disorder. People with a family history of anxiety may be at higher risk.___20___People with other mental-health conditions, such as depression, often have anxiety, too. But there’ re treatments that can help manage anxiety.
A. There are many types of anxiety disorders.
B. So are those who have experienced trauma.
C. Take, for instance, giving a class presentation.
D. This, in turn, can help you deal with stressors.
E. Living with anxiety disorder can be a long-term challenge.
F. Such intense ongoing anxiety can be an early sign of a disorder.
G. Anxiety disorder likely arises from a complex interaction of different factors,
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. F 19. A 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了焦虑的原因、好处、发展以及焦虑症的类型等。
【16题详解】
根据前文“Anxiety is a sense of worry, fear, or unease which might make your hands sweat or your heart race. It’s a normal response to stressful situations.(焦虑是一种担心、恐惧或不安的感觉，可能会让你的手出汗或心跳加速。这是面对压力的正常反应。)”以及后文“Or going on a date. Or performing in a concert.( 或者去约会。或者在音乐会上表演。)”可知，前文是对焦虑进行概念界定，后文是通过举例来进行说明，因此设空处应该与后文同样并列例子，对什么是焦虑进行说明。C选项“Take, for instance, giving a class presentation. (举个例子，在课堂上做演讲。)”与下文的例子构成并列，符合语境。故选C。
【17题详解】
根据前文“A bit of anxiety can work up your energy and focus.(一点点的焦虑可以让你精力充沛，注意力集中。)”可知，此处强调的是焦虑的好处。D选项“This, in turn, can help you deal with stressors.(反过来，这可以帮助你处理压力源。)”承接前文，指出一点点的焦虑能够帮助处理压力来源，选项中的this指代前文的a bit of anxiety，符合语境。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据前文“If this high level of anxiety lasts long, it can make it hard to focus or fall asleep, bringing about health problems.(如果这种高度焦虑持续很长时间，就会使人难以集中注意力或入睡，从而带来健康问题。)”可知，此处强调高度的焦虑能够带来健康问题。F选项“Such intense ongoing anxiety can be an early sign of a disorder.(这种强烈的持续焦虑可能是一种疾病的早期征兆。)”承接前文，指出强烈的持续焦虑会引发疾病，话题与前文保持一致。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据后文“People with social anxiety have intense fears of being judged by others. People with phobias(恐惧症), meanwhile, are very afraid of things that do not pose much real danger, such as spiders or heights. (患有社交焦虑症的人非常害怕被别人评价。与此同时，患有恐惧症的人非常害怕不会造成太大危险的东西，比如蜘蛛或高处。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是社交焦虑症以及恐惧症等各种不同类型的焦虑症。A选项“There are many types of anxiety disorders.(焦虑症有很多种类型。)”概括本段段旨，符合语境。故选A。
【20题详解】
根据前文“And there are many factors that may heighten someone’s risk of developing an anxiety disorder. People with a family history of anxiety may be at higher risk.(有许多因素可能会增加人们患焦虑症的风险。有焦虑家族史的人可能有更高的风险。)”可知，此处强调的是什么样的人容易患有焦虑症。B选项“So are those who have experienced trauma.( 那些经历过创伤的人也是如此。)”承接前文，指出那些经历过创伤的人也容易患焦虑症，符合语境。故选B。
第三部分语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I hate heights. I___21___when a hotel clerk places me higher than the third floor. On sightseeing trips, I need a lot of gentle ___22___from my companions before stepping onto the observation decks. Then I counted the minutes___23___, until their elevators returned me safely to the ground.
But I was___24___for parasailing. Each time I glance up to see someone___25___from beneath a brightly colored parachute (降落伞), I’d wave back with admiration,___26___: What would it be like to see the beach from high above I hope someday I can find the answer___27___ .
Years later, on a family trip to Lake Erie’s islands, we___28___to choose one thing we most wanted to do. Visit a museum Hear live music We surfed the internet, researching___29___. And then I remembered those___30___. We booked our reservation.
The next morning, I___31___with myself. Part of me wanted to___32___: “I just can’t.” But another part knew those___33___voices would never pipe down unless I made my dream true.
Then, I was high up in the sky. I kept waiting to___34___as I’d imagined it would be just like those horrible skyscraper visits. But it was the very___35___ . High above, I felt so calming and peaceful, surrounded by that blue.
21. A. show off B. turn up C. reach out D. back off
22. A. comment B. persuasion C. trust D. permission
23. A. nervously B. casually C. tentatively D. curiously
24. A. responsible B. desperate C. prepared D. unsuitable
25. A. skipping B. arguing C. waving D. slipping
26. A. wondering B. explaining C. whispering D. complaining
27. A. in advance B. in person C. at random D. on end
28. A. applied B. pretended C. agreed D. happened
29. A. limitations B. instructions C. options D. competitions
30. A. beach lovers B. pioneers C. attention seekers D. parasailers
31. A. cooperated B. corresponded C. compared D. struggled
32. A. contact B. relax C. quit D. change
33. A. sympathetic B. familiar C. thrilling D. discouraging
34. A. panic B. doubt C. respond D. test
35. A. extreme B. opposite C. expectation D. impression
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者恐高，却又很想玩儿滑翔伞，作者最终战胜了自己的恐惧，实现了自己的梦想。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当酒店职员把我安排在三楼以上时，我后退了。A. show off炫耀；B. turn up出现；C. reach out伸出；D. back off后退。根据上文“I hate heights”可知，作者恐高，当酒店职员把作者安排在三楼以上时，作者后退了。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在观光旅行中，在登上观景台之前，我需要同伴们的许多温柔劝说。A. comment评论；B. persuasion说服；C. trust信任；D. permission允许。根据“I hate heights”可知，作者恐高，所以在登上观景台之前，作者需要同伴劝才会愿意登上去。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后我紧张地数着时间，直到电梯把我安全送回地面。A. nervously紧张地；B. casually随意地；C. tentatively试验性地；D. curiously好奇地。根据上文“I hate heights”可知，作者恐高，所以很紧张地等着回到地面。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我非常想玩滑翔伞。A. responsible负责任的；B. desperate拼命的；C. prepared准备好的；D. unsuitable不适合的。根据下文“I’d wave back with admiration”可知，作者很羡慕玩儿滑翔伞的，可见作者非常想玩滑翔伞。故选B。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我抬头看到有人在色彩鲜艳的滑翔伞下挥手时，我都会羡慕地向他挥手，心想：从高处看海滩会是什么样子？A. skipping跳过；B. arguing争论；C. waving挥动；D. slipping滑倒。根据下文“I’d wave back”可知，玩儿滑翔伞的人是给作者挥手。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我抬头看到有人在色彩鲜艳的滑翔伞下挥手时，我都会羡慕地向他挥手，心想：从高处看海滩会是什么样子？A. wondering想知道；B. explaining解释；C. whispering低语；D. complaining抱怨。根据下文“What would it be like to see the beach from high above”可知，作者是在想这个问题，也就是想知道这个问题的答案。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：我希望有一天我能亲自找到答案。A. in advance提前；B. in person亲自；C. at random随机地；D. on end连续不断地。根据文章最后的“High above, I felt so calming and peaceful, surrounded by that blue”可知，作者自己去寻找答案。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年后，在一次前往伊利湖岛屿的家庭旅行中，我们同意选择一件我们最想做的事情。A. applied应用；B. pretended假装；C. agreed同意；D. happened发生。根据下文“We surfed the internet”可知，作者他们是同意选择一件自己最想做的事情。故选C。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们上网浏览，研究各种选择。A. limitations限制；B. instructions说明；C. options选择；D. competitions竞争。根据上文“Visit a museum Hear live music We surfed the internet”可知，作者他们在研究选什么事情，空格处是“选择”。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查名词短语辨析。句意：想起了那些滑翔伞。A. beach lovers爱沙滩的人；B. pioneers先锋；C. attention seekers寻求关注的人；D. parasailers滑翔伞。根据下文“Then, I was high up in the sky”和上文“Then, I was high up in the sky”可知，作者以前就想玩儿滑翔伞，后来真的去玩儿了，所以作者此时是想起了那些滑翔伞。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二天早上，我与自己斗争。A. cooperated合作；B. corresponded通信；C. compared比较；D. struggled斗争。根据下文“Part of me wanted to___12___: “I just can’t.” But another part knew those___13___voices would never pipe down unless I made my dream true”可知，作者很纠结，与自己作斗争。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的一部分想要放弃：“我就是做不到。”A. contact联系；B. relax放松；C. quit放弃；D. change改变。根据下文“I just can’t”可知，作者觉得自己做不到，所以想要放弃。故选C。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但另一方面，我知道那些令人沮丧的声音永远不会平息，除非我实现了自己的梦想。A. sympathetic同情的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. thrilling令人兴奋的；D. discouraging令人沮丧的。根据上文“I just can’t”和“those”可知，此处指上文像“I just can’t”这样的令人沮丧的声音。故选D。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直等着恐慌，因为我想象这就像那些可怕的摩天大楼参观一样。A. panic恐慌；B. doubt怀疑；C. respond回答；D. test测试。根据上文“I hate heights”和“I’d imagined it would be just like those horrible skyscraper visits”可知，作者恐高，在空中的时候觉得自己肯定会觉得恐慌，所以就一直等着。故选A。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但事实恰恰相反。A. extreme极端；B. opposite对立面；C. expectation期待；D. impression印象。根据下文“I felt so calming and peaceful”和上文“I kept waiting to___14___as I’d imagined it would be just like those horrible skyscraper visits”可知，此处表示事实和作者想的相反，因此空格处是“对立面”。故选B。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Big, heavy vehicles that can’t climb steep hills, running on two steel rails — we’re all familiar with the concept,___36___we call them railways or railroads. Right However, here’s one of the most unusual railways___37___break the rules in order to reach the places other trains can’t roll: Chongqing Monorail (单轨), China.
Monorails have been around for more than a century,___38___they’ve never quite fulfilled the futuristic promises of those early___39___ (promoter). That said, Chongqing Monorail is an ___40___(exception) example where the unique qualities offered by monorails are ideally suited to their environment.
Chongqing in China is home to the longest monorail system on the globe, carrying millions of passengers a year on two high-capacity railway lines___41___(total) 61 miles in length. At just over 34 miles, Line 3 is also the___42___(world) longest single monorail line with an annual ridership of around 250 million. Brought into___43___(operate) between 2005 and 2016, the two lines have 70 stations with a mix of underground and elevated sections.
With extreme differences in altitude, Chongqing’s authorities___44___(force) to seek an alternative to conventional trains when they needed to transform its public transport system and monorail’s ability___45___(negotiate) steep climbs and tight bends made it the ideal solution. Finally, Chongqing Monorail emerged.
【答案】36. whether
37. that 38. but
39. promoters
40. exceptional
41. totalling##totaling
42. world’s
43. operation
44. were forced
45. to negotiate
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了重庆的单轨地铁。
【36题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：大型重型车辆不能爬上陡峭的山坡，在两条钢轨上运行——无论是被称作 railway 还是 railroad，都是我们熟悉的概念。根据句意“无论是被称作railway还是railroad，都是我们熟悉的概念”可知，本句使用固定搭配whether…or…。故填whether。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：然而，这里有一条最不寻常的铁路，为了到达其他火车不能行驶的地方而打破规则：中国重庆单轨铁路。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词the most unusual railways，先行词被最高级修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that。故填that。
【38题详解】
考查并列连词。句意：单轨列车已经存在了一个多世纪，但它们从未完全实现那些早期提倡者的未来主义承诺。结合句意可知，前后两句为转折关系，用连词but连接。故填but。
【39题详解】
考查名词复数。句意同上。promoter是可数名词，结合句意，单轨早期的提倡者应为复数概念。故填promoters。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：也就是说，重庆单轨铁路是一个特殊的例子，单轨铁路提供的独特品质非常适合他们的环境。修饰名词example需使用形容词作定语。故填exceptional。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：中国重庆拥有世界上最长的单轨铁路系统，两条总长61英里的高容量铁路线每年运送数百万乘客。分析句子结构可知，设空处开始的短语作定语，修饰名词，total“总计”与lines之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词形式。故填 total(l)ing。
【42题详解】
考查名词所有格。句意：3号线全长34英里多一点，也是世界上最长的单轨铁路，年客流量约为2.5亿人次。结合上下文语境可知，此处指“世界上最长的单轨线”，需使用名词所有格修饰monorail line。故填world’s。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：这两条线路于2005年至2016年投入运营，共有70个车站，包括地下和高架部分。介词into后需使用名词作宾语，operation是不可数名词。故填operation。
【44题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：由于海拔高度差异极大，重庆当局在需要改造公共交通系统时，被迫寻求替代传统火车的交通工具，单轨铁路在陡坡和急转弯方面的能力使其成为理想的解决方案。分析句子结构可知，设空处为本句谓语动词。时间状语从句中谓语动词使用了一般过去时，主语authorities与动词force之间构成被动关系，且为复数形式，可知应使用一般过去时态的被动语态，be动词用were。故填 were forced。
【45题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意同上。ability后常常使用动词不定式作定语。故填to negotiate。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华。外教布朗先生希望你们能给他的教学做出评价，并提出改善建议。请给他写一封信。
内容包括：
1.你的评价；
2.你的建议；
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mr. Brown,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Brown,
I’m Li Hua in Class 10. I’m writing to thank you for teaching us. I love the way you teach us in the classroom. Besides, your explanation of any subject matter is just too perfect for anyone to forget. No words can adequately describe how much I have learned from your classes. I’m grateful for this. By the way, have you considered giving us more homework so that we can practice more and master what you have taught in class better
Thank you. Best wishes.
Yours sincerely
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。外教布朗先生希望你能给他的教学做出评价，并提出改善建议。要求考生就此内容，写一封信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
方法：way→method
此外：besides → what’s more
充分地：adequately→completely/fully
感激的：grateful→ appreciative
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing to thank you for teaching us.
拓展句：I’m writing to thank you for teaching us, which is really our great honor.
【点睛】【高分句型1】No words can adequately describe how much I have learned from your classes. （运用了how much引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】 By the way, have you considered giving us more homework so that we can practice more and master what you have taught in class better （运用了so that引导的状语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Oh, this was terrible. “Thank you for volunteering to coach soccer... the letter began. Coach Soccer Me That was crazy. My knowledge of the sport began and ended with you-can’t-use-your-hands.
I have just graduated from high school. There was a summer holiday long enough to do something unusual. Father advised me to pick up a part-time job in our community, like teaching kids to swim or helping them with their subjects. “You’ll learn a lot,” he said. So, when Community Sports asked for volunteers, I signed up for data entry, which, I thought was helping to put data into a computer. Keyboards, I knew. Coaching Impossible!
Realizing there must be something wrong, I quickly called the head coach about the misunderstanding. It did not go well. He had been away from home and would not be coaching at all panicked, I called the other assistant coach. He said, “It isn’t difficult to teach a bunch of first graders about soccer. Be confident.”
“Are you kidding me ” I hang up the phone, smiling bitterly.
I phoned a Community Sports officer about our dilemma. “I am sorry,” he said. “Not enough people are willing to volunteer. If you cannot coach, we will call your team and let them know they will not be playing this season.” Seriously, that was his solution I hang up the phone, saying I would call back to let him know my choice. I couldn’t imagine the kids’ disappointed face when they were told their team wouldn’t play because they couldn’t find them a coach.
That afternoon, when father came back, I told everything to him, complaining how careless and ridiculous the community workers were. They should have suggested my “pretending” to be a coach.
Father stared at me, “Hey, listen! I remember you like watching soccer games.”
“Watching is one thing but coaching is another,” I protested.
“Why not learn the game with the kids To those first graders, it’s just a game. Just make it fun. Besides, you’ll gain more than them.”
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
Para. 1 The next morning, I called back.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para. 2 Then came the day when I would meet those kids for the first time.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 The next morning, I called back. “Okay,” I said. “Put me down for coach.” At the other end of the line, the man burst into laughter. He told me they would have a coaching clinic on Saturday which might help. But I could hardly wait that long. The moment I put down the phone, I rushed to my computer and started researching. Everything about soccer. Everything about how to get along with first graders. The more I learnt, the more confident I felt.
Then came the day when I would meet those kids for the first time. I took a deep breath and stepped onto the ground, where, 22 kids were waiting, eyes sparkling with excitement and eagerness. That season, we played and won great popularity. The time spent with them proved rewarding. It’s not such a challenging job to teach them to play soccer because what mattered more was not to win but to make it fun to learn. More importantly, I learned a life lesson: To be outstanding —get comfortable with being uncomfortable.
【解析】
【导语】本文以故事情节为线索展开，讲述了作者在高中毕业后，作者申请社区体育的志愿者，结果，收到的是要自己当足球教练的邀请函，作者以为哪个环节出了差错，所以四处打电话询问情况，最后将事情告诉父亲，在父亲的鼓励和建议下，最终还是选择成为社区体育的足球教练的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“第二天早上，我又打了回去。”可知，第一段可描写作者打回电话去告诉他们自己选择当足球教练时对方的回应以及作者接下来做了什么准备。
②由第二段首句内容“终于有一天，我第一次见到了那些孩子。”可知，第二段可描写作者见到运动员后的表现以及接下来作者与孩子们相处的如何以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：答应当足球教练——着手准备——见到孩子们——与孩子们的相处情况——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
① 突然大笑：burst into laughter/burst out laughing
② 迅速前往：rush to/dash to/hurry to
③ 走在……之上：step onto/walk onto
情绪类
① 激动地：with excitement/excitedly/with emotion
② 舒服的：comfortable/ cozy/pleasant/with ease
【点睛】[高分句型1]. He told me they would have a coaching clinic on Saturday which might help.（由关系代词which引导的限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]. I took a deep breath and stepped onto the ground, where, 22 kids were waiting, eyes sparkling with excitement and eagerness. （由关系副词where引导的非限制性定语从句）
听力答案：1—5 CABAA 6—10 ACABC 11—15 BACAB 16—20 CCABC腾 云联盟 2023—2024 学年度上学期高三年级十月联考
英语试题
全卷满分150 分，考试时间120 分钟。
★祝考试顺利★
注意事项:
1.答题前,先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡.上的指定位置。.
2.选择题的作答:每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。
3.非选择题的作答:用黑色签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试卷、草稿纸和答题卡.上的非答题区域均无效。
4.考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并上交。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题， 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt
A. $ 19.15. B. $ 9.18. C. $ 9.15.
答案是C.
1. What will Thomas do this weekend
A. Visit an old friend. B. Throw a birthday party. C. Get on a weekend getaway.
2. What does the woman ask the man to do
A. Hold the lift for her. B. Cary a heavy suitcase. C. Take care of her suitcases.
3. When will the man see Lucia
A. This Thursday. B. This Friday. C. Next Monday.
4. Why does the man apologize to the woman
A. He overturned a drink. B. He served wrong food. C. He mistook her for a waiter.
5. What are the speakers talking about
A. A song. B. Music trends. C. A composer.
第二节(共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why does Sara make the phone call
A. To ask for advice. B. To hold a contest. C. To sign up for a course.
7.How might Sara. feel now
A. Confident. B. Relieved. C. Anxious.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8, Where are their parents now
A. On a bus. B. In a taxi. C. In a restaurant.
9. What is the woman’s suggestion
A. Cooking the turkey themselves.
B. Picking up the turkey personally.
C. Calling up the restaurant for help.
听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。
10. What jam is the woman’s favorite
A. The apple jam. B. The tomato jam. C. The strawberry jam.
11. What will they have for breakfast
A. Pancakes and jam. B. Eggs and bacon. C. Bananas and milk.
12. How soon will Jill’s father come to meet them
A. In 22 minutes. B. In 23 minutes. C. In 37 minutes.
13. What’s Jill’s father’s initial plan for the afternoon
A. To go fishing. B. To pick up a friend. C. To attend a meeting.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What job is David applying for
A. A project engineer. B. A sales engineer. C. An electric engineer.
15. What is a must for David’s desired position
A. Skills on developing applications.
B. A degree in computer engineering.
C. Hands-on programming experiences.
16. What experience did David have
A He developed a webpage. B. He designed a mobile phone. C. He developed an application.
17. What is the relationship between the speakers
A. Close friends. B. Fellow workers. C. College schoolmates.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When was Steve Henneberry born
A In 1964. B. In 1969. C. In 1979.
19. What happened to Steve in 1989
A He started a magazine. B. He won the Mr. America title. C. He began to pursue acting career.
20. What does Steve owe his success to
A. Good luck. B. His realistic goals. C. Long-term commitment.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2.5 分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The Salt Path; A Memoir
by Raynor Winn (Author)
Used - Good $6.60
Condition The cover has visible markings and wear. The pages show normal wear and tear, Codes or product keys that accompany this product may not be useful.
Ships from Goodwill Retail Services, Inc.
Sold by Goodwill Retail Services, Inc.
★★★★★ (28548 ratings) 97% positive over last 12 months
Used- Very Good $6.66
Condition The cover is clean but may show some signs of wear. Some pages may have folding.
Ships from Goodwill Southern California
Sold by Goodwill Southern California
★★★★★ ( 174151 ratings) 95% positive over last 12 months
Used - Like New $6.75
Condition The book has been read once and is in perfect condition. Excellent like new copy.
Ships from fpatrickgilbert
Sold by fpatrickgilbert
★★★★★ (406 ratings) 98% positive over lifetime
Used - Acceptable $6.67
Condition This item is in overall acceptable condition. Covers and dust jackets are intact (完好无损的) but may have heavy wear including wrinkles, bends, edge wear, or minor tears as well as stickers. Pages are intact but it has bends, and considerable highlighting/writing. A well-read copy overall.
Ships from Missouri_ Goodwill_Industries
Sold by Missouri_ Goodwill_Industries
★★★★★ (52775 ratings) 95% positive over last 12 months
Please note that all items are donated goods and are in used condition. Orders shipped Monday through Friday! Your purchase helps put people to work and learn life skills to reach their full potential. Thank you!
1. By which company is the second cheapest copy sold
A. Fatrickgilbert. B. Goodwill Retail Services, Inc.
C. Goodwill Southern California. D. Missouri Goodwill Industries.
2. What can we know about the book classified as “Acceptable”
A. There’s trace of use in it. B. It’s got the most ratings.
C. It has a brand new cover. D. Its product keys are useless
3. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To collect used goods. B. To sell second-hand books.
C. To advertise a book launch. D. To promote a delivery company.
B
Velcro is a hook-and-loop(钩和环, 粘扣的) device that is commonly found on a wide range of products, such as shoes, jackets, and a lot of other equipment in offices, kitchens, and garages. It’s also the name of the company that originally created the “thing” generally known as Velcro .
George de Mestral, a Swiss electrical engineer, is the inventor of Velcro . How he came to the idea of actually making this thing that we call Velcro is a truly incredible story.
One fine morning in 1948, Mestral went for a walk with his dog. After returning from the walk, he found that some seeds get stuck to the dog’s fur. However, the man’s attention was turned to his own trousers, where many similar seeds also attached.
Upon closer examination, he observed that there were many small hooks in the seeds that stuck firmly to the loops in the fabric of his trousers. The first idea for what would eventually become Velcro struck him like a lightning. If he could artificially recreate the same thing, by making pairs of hooks-and-loops that stick to each other firmly, then there would be almost no need to tie things up all the time to secure them, nor would zippers(拉链), which were quite popular in those days, be necessary any longer. He decided to call the product he formed Velcro .
Like many inventions, Velcro also faced a great deal of criticism, but Mestral stood by his design and continued to make structural changes to enhance its bonding strength. He worked with a Frenchman to come up with a perfect hook -and-loop device. Mestral patented Velcro in 1955.
Velcro didn’t do too well initially; much of that was due to its lack of aesthetic(美学的) appeal. It came in dull colors and often looked quite “unattractive”. But soon, even NASA helped to boost Velcro ’s image by using it in a lot of equipment that went into space along with astronauts.
4. What can we know about Velcro
A. It’s been edged out by zippers. B. It’s an established shoe brand.
C. It’s a nature inspired invention. D. It’s a hook commonly used in offices.
5. Which best describes George de Mestral
A. Observant. B. Demanding.
C. Overconfident. D. Weather-beaten.
6. What was the public initial reaction to Velcro
A. Uncaring. B. Highly critical.
C. Positive. D. Fiercely divided.
7. What is the text mainly about
A. A famous inventor. B. A remarkable creation.
C. An unexpected discovery. D. An unforgettable experience.
C
If you’ve ever driven across the United States of America, you have passed beneath the wings of a courageous songbird — smaller than your palm, light as your change pocket, feathered in bright blue and yellowish-brown — called the cliff swallow (崖燕). Where other animals flee the human footprint, cliff swallows don’t. They should properly be called the bridge swallow, for our steel spans have furnished it with more nesting sites. Once a bird of the western mountains, in the last century cliff swallows have spread onto the Great Plains and across them, making their mud nests under bridges, works of birds’ engineering no less impressive than our own.
For the last four decades Brown has paid annual visits to more than two hundred nesting sites in Nebraska, trying to figure out what makes swallow societies success or fail. “Ninety-eight percent of cliff swallows in western Nebraska,” Brown said; “are within fifty feet of a road.”
Near a road, of course, is the most dangerous place an animal can live. When Brown began studying swallows in the 1980s, he often picked up dead swallows on the roads, wings broken and heads crushed (压变形). However, Brown found swallow roadkill had been decreasing. By 2011 it had dropped to four. Somehow swallows had become harder to kill.
He found his answer. When he stretched a tape measure from the birds’ shoulders to their outermost feathers, he found car struck swallows had longer wings than the average bird he caught in his nets. Brown immediately understood the significance. Traffic was weeding slower long-winged swallows from the population and favoring the quicker, short-winged ones -Darwinian selection in action.
“Centuries ago ... cliff swallows had existed largely beyond human influence; now they were so involved in our world that our infrastructure (基础设施) had influenced their DNA,” Brown said. Cliff swallows were rare winners of concrete and steel. Yet their success had come at a cost — to the long-winged swallows erased from the population and to the birds’ altered genes themselves. They had been shaped by the road.
8. What is special about cliff swallows
A. They flee steel and concrete. B. They are good at social engineering.
C. They take on colors of the background. D. They take advantage of human footprint.
9. What leads to cliff swallows’ survival from the roadkill
A. Human aid. B. Traffic control.
C. Natural selection. D. Infrastructure improvement.
10. What did cliff swallows’ success cost them
A Habitat loss. B. Genetic abnormalities.
C. Dramatic declines in population. D. Removal of a genetic characteristic.
11. The text is most likely taken from a book about ________.
A. road ecology B. DNA profiling
C. urban development D. biological diversity
D
Since 1992, people have been talking about “Dunbar’s number,” the supposed upper limit of the number of people with whom a person can maintain stable social relationships. Named for British scientist Robin Dunbar, its value, rounded from 148 to 150, has permeated both professional and popular culture.
The Swedish taxation authority keeps offices under 150 people as a result of it, and the standard facilities of the W. L. Gore and Associates company are based around the concept. Dunbar’s number was cited in the bestselling book Tipping Point, and it also has a fair amount of academic influence.
Despite its fame, Dunbar’s number is probably wrong, according to a new study.
Less well known than the value of Dunbar’s number is how he came up with it. The value of 150 is determined by looking at the ratio(比率) between the size of a certain part of the primate(灵长类动物) brain and the average size of groups they form. These ratios were then applied to data on the human brain, and the average value of roughly 150 relationships was determined.
In the new study, the researchers did similar calculations but with updated information on the size of monkey brains and social networks. When the researchers applied Dunbar’s exact same methods to their new data, they got a 95% confidence interval(置信区间) between roughly 5 and 292 people. This is far too wide a range to be of any use.
Additionally, the researchers noted the fact that human brains often work differently than those of our nearest cousins, as evidenced by our ability to create things. The idea that we would process social information exactly like other primates do is a bold and largely unsupported claim.
So, is there a new Dunbar number Well, this isn’t the point of this study. The researchers end their paper with: “It is our hope that this study will put an end to the use of ‘Dunbar’s number’ within science and in popular media.”
12. What does the underlined word “permeated” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Well preserved. B. Deeply affected.
C. Depended heavily on. D. Take full advantage of.
13. How does the author clarify his point in paragraph 2
A. By giving examples. B. By extending definitions.
C. By drawing comparisons. D. By making classifications.
14. Why did the researchers dismiss the idea of Dunbar’s number
A. The samples were too small to be of any use.
B. Dunbar’s number has always been the subject of debate.
C The calculation leading to Dunbar’s number is too complex.
D. The ratio from primates could not be carried over to humans.
15. What might be the purpose of the new study
A. To replace Dunbar’s number.
B. To offer Dunbar’s number new evidence.
C. To stop the spreading of Dunbar’s number.
D. To find new applications of Dunbar’s number.
第二节．(共5小题; 每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Anxiety is a sense of worry, fear, or unease which might make your hands sweat or your heart race. It’s a normal response to stressful situations.___16___Or going on a date. Or performing in a concert.
A bit of anxiety can work up your energy and focus.___17___Feeling anxious about an upcoming test, for example, can push you to study. Techniques like deep breathing can help you power through the unpleasantness of anxiety.
But for some people, anxiety can become too much to bear. They might have frequent, intense fears about everyday situations. Or they might feel worried or afraid for no reason at all. If this high level of anxiety lasts long, it can make it hard to focus or fall asleep, bringing about health problems.___18___
___19___People with social anxiety have intense fears of being judged by others. People with phobias(恐惧症), meanwhile, are very afraid of things that do not pose much real danger, such as spiders or heights. And people with panic disorder experience panic attacks in the absence of any real danger. Other examples of anxiety disorders include obsessive-compulsive(强迫性的) disorder and post-traumatic(创伤后的) stress disorder.
Anxiety disorders are common. An estimated one-third of all U.S. teens have experienced one. And there are many factors that may heighten someone’s risk of developing an anxiety disorder. People with a family history of anxiety may be at higher risk.___20___People with other mental-health conditions, such as depression, often have anxiety, too. But there’ re treatments that can help manage anxiety.
A. There are many types of anxiety disorders.
B. So are those who have experienced trauma.
C. Take, for instance, giving a class presentation.
D. This, in turn, can help you deal with stressors.
E. Living with anxiety disorder can be a long-term challenge.
F. Such intense ongoing anxiety can be an early sign of a disorder.
G. Anxiety disorder likely arises from a complex interaction of different factors,
第三部分语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I hate heights. I___21___when a hotel clerk places me higher than the third floor. On sightseeing trips, I need a lot of gentle ___22___from my companions before stepping onto the observation decks. Then I counted the minutes___23___, until their elevators returned me safely to the ground.
But I was___24___for parasailing. Each time I glance up to see someone___25___from beneath a brightly colored parachute (降落伞), I’d wave back with admiration,___26___: What would it be like to see the beach from high above I hope someday I can find the answer___27___ .
Years later, on a family trip to Lake Erie’s islands, we___28___to choose one thing we most wanted to do. Visit a museum Hear live music We surfed the internet, researching___29___. And then I remembered those___30___. We booked our reservation.
The next morning, I___31___with myself. Part of me wanted to___32___: “I just can’t.” But another part knew those___33___voices would never pipe down unless I made my dream true.
Then, I was high up in the sky. I kept waiting to___34___as I’d imagined it would be just like those horrible skyscraper visits. But it was the very___35___ . High above, I felt so calming and peaceful, surrounded by that blue.
21. A. show off B. turn up C. reach out D. back off
22. A. comment B. persuasion C. trust D. permission
23. A. nervously B. casually C. tentatively D. curiously
24. A. responsible B. desperate C. prepared D. unsuitable
25. A. skipping B. arguing C. waving D. slipping
26. A. wondering B. explaining C. whispering D. complaining
27. A. in advance B. in person C. at random D. on end
28. A. applied B. pretended C. agreed D. happened
29. A. limitations B. instructions C. options D. competitions
30. A. beach lovers B. pioneers C. attention seekers D. parasailers
31. A. cooperated B. corresponded C. compared D. struggled
32. A. contact B. relax C. quit D. change
33. A. sympathetic B. familiar C. thrilling D. discouraging
34. A. panic B. doubt C. respond D. test
35. A. extreme B. opposite C. expectation D. impression
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Big, heavy vehicles that can’t climb steep hills, running on two steel rails — we’re all familiar with the concept,___36___we call them railways or railroads. Right However, here’s one of the most unusual railways___37___break the rules in order to reach the places other trains can’t roll: Chongqing Monorail (单轨), China.
Monorails have been around for more than a century,___38___they’ve never quite fulfilled the futuristic promises of those early___39___ (promoter). That said, Chongqing Monorail is an ___40___(exception) example where the unique qualities offered by monorails are ideally suited to their environment.
Chongqing in China is home to the longest monorail system on the globe, carrying millions of passengers a year on two high-capacity railway lines___41___(total) 61 miles in length. At just over 34 miles, Line 3 is also the___42___(world) longest single monorail line with an annual ridership of around 250 million. Brought into___43___(operate) between 2005 and 2016, the two lines have 70 stations with a mix of underground and elevated sections.
With extreme differences in altitude, Chongqing’s authorities___44___(force) to seek an alternative to conventional trains when they needed to transform its public transport system and monorail’s ability___45___(negotiate) steep climbs and tight bends made it the ideal solution. Finally, Chongqing Monorail emerged.
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假定你是李华。外教布朗先生希望你们能给他的教学做出评价，并提出改善建议。请给他写一封信。
内容包括：
1.你的评价；
2.你的建议；
注意:
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Mr. Brown,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Oh, this was terrible. “Thank you for volunteering to coach soccer... the letter began. Coach Soccer Me That was crazy. My knowledge of the sport began and ended with you-can’t-use-your-hands.
I have just graduated from high school. There was a summer holiday long enough to do something unusual. Father advised me to pick up a part-time job in our community, like teaching kids to swim or helping them with their subjects. “You’ll learn a lot,” he said. So, when Community Sports asked for volunteers, I signed up for data entry, which, I thought was helping to put data into a computer. Keyboards, I knew. Coaching Impossible!
Realizing there must be something wrong, I quickly called the head coach about the misunderstanding. It did not go well. He had been away from home and would not be coaching at all panicked, I called the other assistant coach. He said, “It isn’t difficult to teach a bunch of first graders about soccer. Be confident.”
“Are you kidding me ” I hang up the phone, smiling bitterly.
I phoned a Community Sports officer about our dilemma. “I am sorry,” he said. “Not enough people are willing to volunteer. If you cannot coach, we will call your team and let them know they will not be playing this season.” Seriously, that was his solution I hang up the phone, saying I would call back to let him know my choice. I couldn’t imagine the kids’ disappointed face when they were told their team wouldn’t play because they couldn’t find them a coach.
That afternoon, when father came back, I told everything to him, complaining how careless and ridiculous the community workers were. They should have suggested my “pretending” to be a coach.
Father stared at me, “Hey, listen! I remember you like watching soccer games.”
“Watching is one thing but coaching is another,” I protested.
“Why not learn the game with the kids To those first graders, it’s just a game. Just make it fun. Besides, you’ll gain more than them.”
注意:
1.续写词数应为150左右;
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答.
Para. 1 The next morning, I called back.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para. 2 Then came the day when I would meet those kids for the first time.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
听力答案：1—5 CABAA 6—10 ACABC 11—15 BACAB 16—20 CCABC
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