小数除法脱式计算(专项训练)数学五年级上册北师大版
1.计算下面各题,怎样简便就怎样算。
2.8-2.8×0.15 13.75÷0.125–2.75
1.53+23.4÷7.2 12.5×17.8×0.8
2.计算下面各题,能简算的要简算。
15.6+14.4÷0.6 4.85×13-4.85×3
3.25÷2.5÷0.4 4.2×7.8+22×0.42
3.计算下面各题,能简算的要简算。
29.3÷1.25÷8 0.46×1.9+5.4×0.19 28-4.62×1.5
32×12.5×0.25 54.8÷(5.48×2.5) 3.9×2.5
4.计算下面各题,怎样简便就怎样算。
6.33×101 (45.9-32.7)÷8÷0.125
99×2.6 1.6×2.5+0.4×2.5
5.用递等式计算下面各题,怎样简便就怎样算。
12.5×(0.8+40) 7.12÷0.25÷0.4 16.43-2.15÷0.5
6.用自己喜欢的方法计算。
7.计算下面各题(能简算的要简算)。
0.25×0.89×4 5.5×8.2+1.8×5.5 9.07-22.78÷3.4
8.计算下面各题,能简算的要简算.
6.2×0.83+0.17×6.2 0.6×0.25×0.9×0.4
5.6÷0.7﹣1.3×2 19.2+[(11.8+12.2)÷6]
9.计算下面各题,怎样简便就怎样算.
50.25-30.25÷2.5 93.12÷6.4+3.45
8×0.37×1.25 18.72×0.5÷48
0.85×16.8-6.8×0.85 5.25×99+5.25
10.计算下面各题,能简算的简算。
0.7+1.4÷0.07 12.5×2.33×0.8
8.37×1.2-0.2×8.37 5.87+99×5.87
11.怎样简便就怎样算。
12.递等式计算(带☆要简算)
4.2×(5.25÷0.25) 17.68÷5.2+2.7×1.5 20.9+10.5÷(5.2﹣2.7)
☆0.65×10.2 ☆0.8×(2.5+1.25)×0.04 ☆32.6×1.52﹣5.2×3.26
13.计算下面各题,能简算的要简算。
(1.8+1.8+1.8+1.8)×2.5 0.56×0.36+0.44×0.36 14.7÷(0.14×2.5)
7.5×(0.14+1.06) 9.08-22.78÷3.4 9.52+0.48÷0.2
14.怎样简便怎样算。
15.计算下面各题,能简算的要简算。
9.6×57+430×0.96 1.63×8×2.5 7.25÷0.25×4 5.8×8-1.8
16.计算下面各题,怎样简便就怎样算。
20.28÷1.69÷60 49.2-0.5×0.5-8.75
0.86×15.7-0.86×14.7 3.5÷0.6-0.5÷0.6
17.计算,能简算的要简算。
1.25×3.2×2.5 4.64+3.7×2.8 35.6-5.6×1.7
13÷0.4÷2.5 4.5×10.1 7.8÷2.6+2.7×1.5
18.能简算的要简算。
参考答案:
1.2.38;107.25
4.78;178
【分析】(1)先算乘法,再算减法;
(2)先算除法,再算减法;
(3)先算除法,再算加法;
(4)根据乘法交换律a×b=b×a进行简算。
【详解】(1)2.8-2.8×0.15
=2.8-0.42
=2.38
(2)13.75÷0.125–2.75
=110–2.75
=107.25
(3)1.53+23.4÷7.2
=1.53+3.25
=4.78
(4)12.5×17.8×0.8
=12.5×0.8×17.8
=10×17.8
=178
2.39.6;48.5
3.25;42
【分析】15.6+14.4÷0.6,先算除法,再算加法;
4.85×13-4.85×3,利用乘法分配律进行简算;
3.25÷2.5÷0.4,根据除法的性质,将后两个数先乘起来再计算;
4.2×7.8+22×0.42,将4.2×7.8转化成0.42×78,利用乘法分配律进行简算。
【详解】15.6+14.4÷0.6
=15.6+24
=39.6
4.85×13-4.85×3
=4.85×(13-3)
=4.85×10
=48.5
3.25÷2.5÷0.4
=3.25÷(2.5×0.4)
=3.25÷1
=3.25
4.2×7.8+22×0.42
=0.42×78+22×0.42
=0.42×(78+22)
=0.42×100
=42
3.2.93;1.9;21.07
100;4;9.75
【分析】(1)根据除法的性质a÷b÷c=a÷(b×c)进行简算;
(2)先根据积不变的规律,将5.4×0.19改写成0.54×1.9,然后根据乘法分配律逆运算a×c+b×c=(a+b)×c进行简算;
(3)先算乘法,再算减法;
(4)先把32分解成8×4,再根据乘法交换律a×b=b×a,乘法结合律(a×b)×c=a×(b×c)进行简算;
(5)根据除法的性质逆运算a÷(b×c)=a÷b÷c进行简算;
(6)先把3.9分解成4-0.1,然后根据乘法分配律(a+b)×c=a×c+b×c进行简算。
【详解】(1)29.3÷1.25÷8
=29.3÷(1.25×8)
=29.3÷10
=2.93
(2)0.46×1.9+5.4×0.19
=0.46×1.9+0.54×1.9
=(0.46+0.54)×1.9
=1×1.9
=1.9
(3)28-4.62×1.5
=28-6.93
=21.07
(4)32×12.5×0.25
=8×4×12.5×0.25
=(8×12.5)×(4×0.25)
=100×1
=100
(5)54.8÷(5.48×2.5)
=54.8÷5.48÷2.5
=10÷2.5
=4
(6)3.9×2.5
=(4-0.1)×2.5
=4×2.5-0.1×2.5
=10-0.25
=9.75
4.639.33;13.2;
257.4;5
【分析】(1)先把101拆为100+1,再利用乘法分配律简算。
(2)先计算括号里面的减法,再利用除法的性质简算。
(3)先把99拆为100-1,再利用乘法分配律简算。
(4)逆用乘法分配律简算。
【详解】6.33×101
=6.33×(100+1)
=6.33×100+6.33×1
=633+6.33
=639.33
(45.9-32.7)÷8÷0.125
=13.2÷(8×0.125)
=13.2÷1
=13.2
99×2.6
=(100-1)×2.6
=100×2.6-1×2.6
=260-2.6
=257.4
1.6×2.5+0.4×2.5
=(1.6+0.4)×2.5
=2×2.5
=5
5.510;71.2;12.13
【分析】“12.5×(0.8+40)”根据乘法分配律计算;
“7.12÷0.25÷0.4”根据除法的性质计算;
“16.43-2.15÷0.5”先计算除法,再计算减法。
【详解】12.5×(0.8+40)
=12.5×0.8+12.5×40
=10+500
=510
7.12÷0.25÷0.4
=7.12÷(0.25×0.4)
=7.12÷0.1
=71.2
16.43-2.15÷0.5
=16.43-4.3
=12.13
6.10;2;
2.27;7.5
【分析】(1)把32拆成4×8,然后运用乘法结合律进行计算即可;
(2)运用除法的性质进行计算即可;
(3)先算除法,再算减法即可;
(4)运用乘法分配律进行计算即可。
【详解】
=
=
=
=10
=
=
=2
=
=2.27
=
=
=7.5
7.0.89;55;2.37
【分析】(1)运用乘法交换律进行计算即可。
(2)运用乘法分配律进行计算即可。
(3)根据四则运算法则,先算除法再算减法即可。
【详解】0.25×0.89×4
=0.25×4×0.89
=1×0.89
=0.89
5.5×8.2+1.8×5.5
=(8.2+1.8)×5.5
=10×5.5
=55
9.07-22.78÷3.4
=9.07-6.7
=2.37
8.6.2;0.054
5.4;23.2
【详解】①6.2×0.83+0.17×6.2
=6.2×(0.83+0.17)
=6.2×1
=6.2
②0.6×0.25×0.9×0.4
=0.6×0.9×(0.25×0.4)
=0.54×0.1
=0.054
③5.6÷0.7﹣1.3×2
=8﹣2.6
=5.4
④19.2+[(11.8+12.2)÷6]
=19.2+[24÷6]
=19.2+4
=23.2
9.38.15;18;
3.7;0.195
8.5;525
【详解】解:①50.25﹣30.25÷2.5
=50.25﹣12.1
=38.15
②93.12÷6.4+3.45
=14.55+3.45
=18
③8×0.37×1.25
=8×1.25×0.37
=10×0.37
=3.7
④18.72×0.5÷48
=9.36÷48
=0.195
⑤0.85×16.8﹣6.8×0.85
=0.85×(16.8﹣6.8)
=0.85×10
=8.5
⑥5.25×99+5.25
=5.25×(99+1)
=5.25×100
=525
10.20.7;23.3
8.37;587
【分析】(1)先算除法,再算加法;
(2)利用乘法交换律进行简便计算;
(3)利用乘法分配律进行简便计算;
(4)利用乘法分配律进行简便计算。
【详解】
11.;2.5;10;
2.05;58.378;36
【分析】(1)按照四则混合运算的顺序,先计算小数乘法,再计算小数加法;
(2)利用乘法分配律简便计算;
(3)先把3.2化为(8×0.4),再利用乘法结合律简便计算;
(4)利用除法性质简便计算;
(5)先把10.1化为(10+0.1),再利用乘法分配律简便计算;
(6)先根据积的变化规律把36×0.02化为3.6×0.2,再利用乘法分配律简便计算。
【详解】(1)
=
=
(2)
=
=
=2.5
(3)
=
=
=
=10
(4)
=
=
=2.05
(5)
=
=
=
=58.378
(6)
=
=
=
=36
12.88.2; 7.45; 25.1;
6.63; 0.12; 32.6
【详解】①4.2×(5.25÷0.25)
=4.2×21
=88.2
②17.68÷5.2+2.7×1.5
=3.4+4.05
=7.45
③20.9+10.5÷(5.2﹣2.7)
=20.9+10.5÷2.5
=20.9+4.2
=25.1
④0.65×10.2
=0.65×(10+0.2)
=0.65×10+0.65×0.2
=6.5+0.13
=6.63
⑤0.8×(2.5+1.25)×0.04
=0.8×0.04×2.5+0.8×0.04×1.25
=0.08+0.04
=0.12
⑥32.6×1.52﹣5.2×3.26
=3.26×15.2﹣5.2×3.26
=3.26×(15.2﹣5.2)
=3.26×10
=32.6
13.18;0.36;42;
9;2.38;11.92
【分析】(1.8+1.8+1.8+1.8)×2.5,根据小数乘整数的意义,先将1.8+1.8+1.8+1.8化成1.8×4,再利用乘法结合律计算;
0.56×0.36+0.44×0.36,根据乘法分配律,将算式变为0.36×(0.56+0.44)进行简算即可;
14.7÷(0.14×2.5),先算括号里的乘法,再算括号外的除法;
7.5×(0.14+1.06),先算括号里的加法,再算括号外的乘法;
9.08-22.78÷3.4,先算除法,后算减法;
9.52+0.48÷0.2,先算除法,后算加法。
【详解】(1.8+1.8+1.8+1.8)×2.5
=1.8×4×2.5
=1.8×(4×2.5)
=1.8×10
=18
0.56×0.36+0.44×0.36
=0.36×(0.56+0.44)
=0.36×1
=0.36
14.7÷(0.14×2.5)
=14.7÷0.35
=42
7.5×(0.14+1.06)
=7.5×1.2
=9
9.08-22.78÷3.4
=9.08-6.7
=2.38
9.52+0.48÷0.2
=9.52+2.4
=11.92
14.36.5;9.32;6.1
【分析】(1)利用乘法分配律进行简便计算;
(2)交换2.33和0.5的位置,利用乘法交换律进行简便计算;
(3)先计算小数除法,再计算减法。
【详解】
=
=
=36.5
=
=
=9.32
=
=6.1
15.960;32.6;116;44.6
【分析】(1)按照乘法分配律简算;
(2)按照乘法结合律计算;
(3)按照从左到右的顺序计算;
(4)先算乘法,再算减法。
【详解】(1)9.6×57+430×0.96
=9.6×57+43×9.6
=9.6×(57+43)
=9.6×100
=960
(2)1.63×8×2.5
=1.63×(8×2.5)
=1.63×20
=32.6
(3)7.25÷0.25×4
=29×4
=116
(4)5.8×8-1.8
=46.4-1.8
=44.6
16.0.2;40.2;
0.86;5
【分析】20.28÷1.69÷60,从左往右依次计算即可;
49.2-0.5×0.5-8.75,先计算乘法,再根据减法的性质,将算式变为49.2-(0.25+8.75)进行简算即可;
0.86×15.7-0.86×14.7,根据乘法分配律,将算式变为0.86×(15.7-14.7)进行简算即可;
3.5÷0.6-0.5÷0.6,根据a÷c-b÷c=(a-b)÷c,将算式变为(3.5-0.5)÷0.6进行简算即可。
【详解】20.28÷1.69÷60
=12÷60
=0.2
49.2-0.5×0.5-8.75
=49.2-0.25-8.75
=49.2-(0.25+8.75)
=49.2-9
=40.2
0.86×15.7-0.86×14.7
=0.86×(15.7-14.7)
=0.86×1
=0.86
3.5÷0.6-0.5÷0.6
=(3.5-0.5)÷0.6
=3÷0.6
=5
17.10;15;26.08
13;45.45;7.05
【分析】1.25×3.2×2.5,将3.2拆成8×0.4,利用乘法结合律进行简算;
4.64+3.7×2.8,先算乘法,再算加法;
35.6-5.6×1.7,先算乘法,再算减法;
13÷0.4÷2.5,根据除法的性质,将后两个数先乘起来再计算;
4.5×10.1,将10.1拆成(10+0.1),利用乘法分配律进行简算;
7.8÷2.6+2.7×1.5,同时算出两边的除法和乘法,最后算加法。
【详解】1.25×3.2×2.5
=1.25×(8×0.4)×2.5
=(1.25×8)×(0.4×2.5)
=10×1
=10
4.64+3.7×2.8
=4.64+10.36
=15
35.6-5.6×1.7
=35.6-9.52
=26.08
13÷0.4÷2.5
=13÷(0.4×2.5)
=13÷1
=13
4.5×10.1
=4.5×(10+0.1)
=4.5×10+4.5×0.1
=45+0.45
=45.45
7.8÷2.6+2.7×1.5
=3+4.05
=7.05
18.96.2;7.93
10.6;3.6
【分析】,先算加法,再算除法;
,先算乘法,再算减法;
,利用乘法交换律进行简算;
,利用乘法分配律进行简算。
【详解】
精品试卷·第 2 页 (共 2 页)
()