卷子答案网-一个不只有答案的网站肇庆市第一中学高三年级第二学期2月适应性测试
英语
本试卷共8页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用2B铅笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。非选择题必须，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Do you want to travel to the New England Aquarium and experience it If you are an aquarium super fan, I believe you must be interested in some information below.
Animal Encounter Programs
Dive into the water with a seal. Stand on top of the four storey Giant Ocean Tank to feed the animals. Go behind the scenes of your favorite exhibits. Whether you have an unquenchable curiosity about oceanic animals or you want a brand-new observation on popular exhibits, fascinating Animal Encounter Programs are designed for the Aquarium super fans. Call Central Reservations at 617-973-5206 to book your program.
Daily Performances
Don’t miss a day in the life of the New England Aquarium. Be sure to catch our daily events, which include penguin feedings, seal training sessions, dives in the Giant Ocean Tank and live animal performances. Our daily schedule will tell you when and where to watch your favorite program. All programs are included with admission.
Special Programs
Join us for family activities at the Aquarium, where we explore the blue planet most days through art, animals and other activities. We focus on one animal every month with Blue Discoveries Family Day, from octopuses to whales. These activities are included with admission. For a fee, schools and other qualifying groups can also choose Explorer Classes for kids and special 3-D showings.
Virtual Tours and Videos
Before stepping foot in the Aquarium, explore some of our special exhibits and learn what to expect. Check out the Field Trip Orientation video before arriving with your group. The How to Be a Shark and Ray Whisperer video gives special instructions on how to best experience our shark and ray touch tank. The Blue Impact virtual tour highlights some of our exhibits as it explains the impact of climate change on oceans around the world.
1. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A magazine. B. A guidebook.
C. A textbook. D. An academic article.
2. Which activity is NOT included with admission
A. Penguin feedings. B. Seal training sessions.
C. live animal performances. D. Explorer Classes.
3. What’s the purpose of Virtual Tours and Videos
A. To help visitors best experience the aquarium.
B. To draw attention to climate change on oceans.
C. To sell video disks of the aquarium to the visitors.
D. To give instructions on how to protect oceanic animals.
B
What kind of people can become scientists When a group of researchers posed that question to ninth-and 10th-graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard” or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science.”
Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I’m not good at science” and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well.” It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as arising from an inborn talent.
But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science. Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement depends on ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts.
During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday. Intellectual(智力的)struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually,” such as making mistakes while addressing a scientific problem and learning from them. Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or lack of family support. Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries, without any discussion of coexisting challenges.
Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories” improved their science performance after-intervention, compared to students in the control group. The effect was especially pronounced for lower performing students, for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories. In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists. By recognizing a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize(共情)with the scientists during their own struggles.
4. Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists
A. They lack interest in science. B. They are short of confidence
C. They don’t have inborn talent. D. They have no ability to study science
5. What’s the purpose of the intervention
A. To introduce some inspirational stories to students.
B. To expose students to scientists’ great achievements.
C. To ensure students will become scientists in the future.
D. To clear students’ misunderstandings of scientific work.
6. The underlined word “pronounced” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to________.
A. minimal B. noticeable C. doubtful D. long-lasting
7. What can we learn from the research
A. Science ability has nothing to do with efforts.
B. Students are more motivated by achievement stories.
C. Scientists’ struggle stories can influence readers’ beliefs.
D. Low-performing students tend to feel connected to scientists.
C
It is likely that most people have the shared feeling: how come Christmas appears to come around quicker and quicker each year Questionnaires by psychologists have shown almost everyone feels time is passing faster now compared to when they were half or a quarter as old. Most strikingly, lots of experiments have shown that, when older people are asked to guess how long the time is, or to “reproduce” the length of periods of time, they guess a shorter amount than younger people.
In 1877, Paul Janet suggested the proportional theory, where a child of 10 feels a year as 1/10 of his whole life while a man of 50 as 1/50, so the subjective sense of the 50-year-old man is that these are insignificant periods of time.
There are also biological theories. The speeding up of time is linked to how our metabolism(新陈代谢) gradually slows down as we grow older. Children’s hearts beat faster than adults’. They breathe more quickly. With their blood flowing more quickly, their body clocks “cover” more time within the space of 24 hours than ours do as adults. On the other hand, older people are like clocks that run slower than normal, so that they lag behind, and cover less than 24 hours.
In the 1930s, the psychologist Hudson Hoagland found body temperature causes different perceptions of time. Once, when he looked after his ill wife, he noticed she complained he’d been away for a long time even if only away for a few moments. Therefore, Hoagland tested her perception of time at different temperatures, finding the higher her temperature, the more time seemed to slow down for her, and that raising a person’s body temperature can slow down his sense of time passing by up to 20%.
Time doesn’t necessarily have to speed up as we get older though. It depends on how we live our lives, and how we relate to our experiences.
8. What does the author want to tell by the questionnaires and experiments in paragraph 1
A. The old feel time flies faster than the young.
B. Time now is shorter than before.
C. Aging makes people think slowly.
D. The old value time more than before.
9. Which is NOT the factor for children’s slow perception of time according to biological theories
A. Children’s hearts beat faster than adults’.
B. Children breathe more quickly.
C. Children run more quickly.
D. Children’s body clocks “cover” more time within the space of 24 hours.
10. Who may feel time go more slowly by the theory of Hudson Hoagland
A. A child with slower metabolism. B. A kid feeling ill.
C. A grown-up feeling freezing. D. An adult with a high fever.
11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. How Time Flies!
B. What causes different perceptions of time.
C. Live a Fun Life!
D. Time is speeding up.
D
If you’re not at least a bit terrified by the climate and ecological breakdown unfolding before our eyes, you haven’t grasped the scale of the crisis. Eco-anxiety, defined as “a chronic(长期的)fear of environmental doom”, is on the rise. But redirecting this anxiety into anger and collective action might just pull humanity back from the brink.
We don’t yet know how deeply eco-anxiety affects people, but we can learn not to repeat the mistakes of long-gone societies lost to environmental collapse. Jared Diamond’s Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed uncovers the common driver that led to the fall of ancient civilizations such as the Central American Mayan, the remote Pacific Easter Island, and the Mycenae: People accidentally destroyed the environmental resources on which their societies depended.
Today, we are living in a new climate and ecological age. The new normal is one that humans have never before experienced on earth, and that has occurred within a single generation. We can’t claim ignorance. Numerous scientific reports show: unprecedented(空前的)wildfires in the Arctic, heatwaves annually breaking records, the Amazon shrinking and drying, and species extinction rates accelerating. Nature’s dangerous decline is unprecedented.
So, it’s not surprising that eco-anxiety is on the rise. Anxiety is often a private emotional state: We feel alone, stuck inside our own heads, and our emotions stop us from doing the things we want. But anger, directed appropriately, can fuel powerful collective action for change.
We are on a pathway to destroy the global conditions for human survival. Unlike previous civilizations, we have the science and technology to understand our danger and chart a new pathway. This is a moment for all of us to channel our eco-anxiety, fear and anger into energy for change.
12. Which of the following best describes “eco-anxiety”
A. Uncertainty about the future. B. Anxiety about modern civilization.
C. Fear of changes in the living standard. D. Worries about the destruction of nature.
13. Why are some ancient civilizations mentioned in Paragraph 2
A. To warn people to learn a lesson from the past.
B. To prove the importance of ancient civilizations.
C. To present the collapse of ancient civilizations.
D. To add some background information on eco-anxiety.
14. Why is eco-anxiety on the rise
A. People lack the knowledge about nature. B. Nature is in its most dangerous state ever.
C. Climate issues can’t be solved effectively. D. People have limited access to natural resources.
15. How does the author feel about the global conditions for humans in the future
A Frustrated. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Concerned.
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Color psychology is the study of how colors affect human behavior, mood, or physiological processes. Colors affect our feelings and memories. ___16___ Companies choose colors that they believe will motivate customers to buy their products and improve brand awareness.
Color perception is very subjective, as different people have different ideas about and responses to colors. Several factors influence color perception, which makes it difficult to determine if color alone impacts our emotions and actions.___17___ In some cultures, for example, white is associated with happiness and purity. In a situation where a woman is wearing a white wedding dress, is she happy because she is influenced by the color white or because she is getting married To someone from a different culture, wearing white may signify sadness. ___18___
While no direct cause and effect relationship between color and behavior has been found, some generalizations about colors and what they may symbolize have been determined. Colors including red, yellow, and orange are considered warm colors. ___19___ Cool colors include blue, violet, and green. These colors are associated with calmness and coolness.
___20___ We see colors with our brains. Our eyes are important for detecting and responding to light,but it is the brain's visual center in the occipital lobes（枕叶）that processes visual information and assigns color. The colors we see are determined by the wavelength of light that is reflected. The brain integrates these wavelength signals enabling us to distinguish among millions of different colors.
A We don't actually see colors with our eyes.
B. Our brain associates the wavelength with a color.
C. Colors also have been used to treat various diseases.
D. They are even thought to influence our buying choices.
E. These colors are thought to stimulate exciting emotions.
F. The influential factors of color perception include age and culture.
G. This is because white is associated with sorrow and death in those cultures.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
There once was an ordinary street in the suburbs where no one cared much for their gardens. The lawns were overgrown, the weeds were _____21_____ and the hedges (树篱) desperately needed to be cut back. It looked very _____22_____. But when the neighbors saw their _____23_____, they just looked at each other and laughed.
It seemed too hard to _____24_____ all the gardens and no one could be bothered to make them better because everyone's garden was _____25_____ terrible. No one felt it was urgent to _____26_____ anything. Then a gardener named Bill moved in. Bill was a _____27_____ hard-working and patient man who started working in the garden as soon as he _____28_____ in the street. He took his lawn mower (割草机) out to cut back the grass and pulled out all of the weeds. Finally, he took up his gardening and started _____29_____ his hedges, making them look like flowers, plants, stones, balls, etc.
Attracted by the ______30______, the neighbors walked by and admired the newly manicured (修整的) garden. Over some time, something interesting happened. One by one, the neighbors started to put in more ______31______ in their own gardens and the sounds of lawn mowers could be heard again. After a few months, the street was ______32______ from a dirty, unappealing collection of houses to a beautiful avenue that wouldn't be out of place in a stylish magazine.
One person's action showed everyone what could be achieved with a little ______33______ work. It's easy for us to ______34______ the environment around us because no one else cares about it. Remember what you positively do not only ______35______ yourself, but also results in a change to the whole world.
21. A. taking over B. dying out C. giving D. falling off
22. A. tidy B. delicate C. familiar D. awful
23. A. gardens B. doors C. roofs D. farms
24. A. purchase B. guard C. clear D. build
25. A. scarcely B. invisibly C. slightly D. equally
26. A. keep B. change C. reach D. defeat
27. A. proud B. casual C. neat D. selfless
28 A. settled B. stepped C. performed D. stood
29. A. planting B. picking C. watering D. shaping
30. A. office clerk B. fashion designer C. landscape gardener D. street cleaner
31. A. furniture B. staff C. effort D. heat
32. A. transformed B. moved C. enlarged D. passed
33. A. mental B. hard C. corporate D. optional
34. A. observe B. mind C. overlook D. pollute
35. A. traps B. benefits C. defends D. admires
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1，5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Japanese government has been urging the public to reduce wasted food for years as the country wastes ___36___ large amount of food every year despite its low level of food self-sufficiency rate.
More than half of the wasted food comes from related enterprises, ___37___ (main) from substandard food, returned food, and food leftovers from unsold products in restaurants. The rest come from household leftovers, food thrown away before ___38___ (eat), and food that is over-processed and wasted during cooking.
In recent years, smartphones ___39___ (play) a major role in cutting down on wasted food. In 2018, a mobile app ___40___ (call) TABETE, which means “Please eat” in Japanese, was launched in cities like Tokyo and Osaka, ___41___ (aim) to use digital technology to “save” any food ___42___ might go to waste.
The app allows stores ___43___ (post)pictures and prices of foods that need to be “saved”, while consumers can search for nearby stores, place an online order, pay for them and then pick them ___44___ at an agreed time. They also mobilize local shops to become TABETE ___45___(member), showing food materials they might waste and appealing to the public to “save” them.
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假如你是高三学生李华，请你写一篇演讲稿，代表全体同学在毕业典礼上发言，内容要点如下：
1. 即将毕业的心情；
2. 高中三年的收获；
3. 表示感谢。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Grandpa’s Old Chair
It was the annual cleaning day for the family. John and his mom were busy cleaning the house. They cleaned upstairs, downstairs, inside and outside until everything was spotless. Exhausted, they sank into the couch. Just then, John’s mom noticed an old chair that was faded and worn. That chair was for John’s grandpa, who had lived with them since John’s grandma had died.
“John, come and help me.” John’s mom sprang to her feet. “We’ll take the chair to the curb (路边). The garbage truck is picking up on our block tomorrow.”
As they attempted to move the chair, John’s grandpa made his way through the door. Seeing what was happening, he quickly tried to stop them. “No!” he protested. “You can’t take my chair.”
“But it’s so old...” John’s mom argued. “We’ll buy you a new one.”
“No,” he persisted, trying to push his chair back into place.
John’s mom finally let go of the chair and left the room. With a sigh of relief, the old man sank into his chair and closed his eyes.
“Grandpa, why won’t you let us get rid of the chair ” John asked.
“You don’t understand, John.” His grandpa shook his head and said, “I sat in this chair with your grandma right here when I asked her to marry me. And I sat in this chair the night your father was born. Many years later,” Grandpa’s voice broke, “I sat in this chair when the doctor called and told me that your grandma was ill. I was lost without her, but the chair gave me comfort and warmth.” The old man’s sadness seemed to grow as he recalled that fateful day.
“I understand now.” John looked at his grandpa and said, “This is not just any old chair. It is more like a friend.”
“Yes,” he nodded. “We’ve gone through a lot together.”
However, that night, when John and his grandpa were asleep, John’s mom and dad carried the chair outside. It was a starless night. Snow fell silently from the black sky and covered Grandpa’s chair in a blanket of white.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
The next morning, John was woken by the garbage truck pulling up to the house.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Hearing this, John’s mom looked at his grandpa and slowly walked towards him.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
9
第页肇庆市第一中学高三年级第二学期2月适应性测试
英语
本试卷共8页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。
注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用2B铅笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上的指定位置。
2．作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑;如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。非选择题必须，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Do you want to travel to the New England Aquarium and experience it If you are an aquarium super fan, I believe you must be interested in some information below.
Animal Encounter Programs
Dive into the water with a seal. Stand on top of the four storey Giant Ocean Tank to feed the animals. Go behind the scenes of your favorite exhibits. Whether you have an unquenchable curiosity about oceanic animals or you want a brand-new observation on popular exhibits, fascinating Animal Encounter Programs are designed for the Aquarium super fans. Call Central Reservations at 617-973-5206 to book your program.
Daily Performances
Don’t miss a day in the life of the New England Aquarium. Be sure to catch our daily events, which include penguin feedings, seal training sessions, dives in the Giant Ocean Tank and live animal performances. Our daily schedule will tell you when and where to watch your favorite program. All programs are included with admission.
Special Programs
Join us for family activities at the Aquarium, where we explore the blue planet most days through art, animals and other activities. We focus on one animal every month with Blue Discoveries Family Day, from octopuses to whales. These activities are included with admission. For a fee, schools and other qualifying groups can also choose Explorer Classes for kids and special 3-D showings.
Virtual Tours and Videos
Before stepping foot in the Aquarium, explore some of our special exhibits and learn what to expect. Check out the Field Trip Orientation video before arriving with your group. The How to Be a Shark and Ray Whisperer video gives special instructions on how to best experience our shark and ray touch tank. The Blue Impact virtual tour highlights some of our exhibits as it explains the impact of climate change on oceans around the world.
1. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A magazine. B. A guidebook.
C. A textbook. D. An academic article.
2. Which activity is NOT included with admission
A. Penguin feedings. B. Seal training sessions.
C. live animal performances. D. Explorer Classes.
3. What’s the purpose of Virtual Tours and Videos
A. To help visitors best experience the aquarium.
B. To draw attention to climate change on oceans.
C. To sell video disks of the aquarium to the visitors.
D. To give instructions on how to protect oceanic animals.
【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了新英格兰水族馆的四个项目信息。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Do you want to travel to the New England Aquarium and experience it （你想去新英格兰水族馆体验一下吗？）”和后文可知，本文主要介绍了新英格兰水族馆的四个项目信息，所以文章出处为guidebook“导游手册”，故选择B项。.
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“For a fee, schools and other qualifying groups can also choose Explorer Classes for kids and special 3-D showings. (学校和其他有资格的团体也可以付费为孩子们选择探索者课程和特殊3D放映。)”可知，为孩子们选择探索班不包括在门票内。故选择D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题，根据最后一段“The How to Be a Shark and Ray ( 鳐鱼) Whisperer video gives special instructions on how to best experience our shark and ray touch tank.（How to Be a Shark和Ray（鳐鱼) Whisper视频提供了如何最好地体验我们鲨鱼和鳐鱼接触式水箱的特别说明。）”可知水族馆设立虚拟旅游和视频是为了帮助游客最好的体验水族馆，故选择A项。.
B
What kind of people can become scientists When a group of researchers posed that question to ninth-and 10th-graders, almost every student gave such responses as “People who work hard” or “Anyone who seems interested in the field of science.”
Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as “I’m not good at science” and “Even if I work hard, I will not do well.” It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as arising from an inborn talent.
But for high school students, learning more about some struggles of scientists can help students feel more motivated to learn science. Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement depends on ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts.
During the study, the students read one of three types of stories about Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Michael Faraday. Intellectual(智力的)struggle stories: stories about how scientists “struggled intellectually,” such as making mistakes while addressing a scientific problem and learning from them. Life struggle stories: stories about how scientists struggled in their personal lives, such as not giving up in the face of poverty or lack of family support. Achievement stories: stories about how scientists made great discoveries, without any discussion of coexisting challenges.
Researchers found that students who heard either type of “struggle stories” improved their science performance after-intervention, compared to students in the control group. The effect was especially pronounced for lower performing students, for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories. In addition, students who read struggle stories reported feeling more personally connected to the scientists. By recognizing a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize(共情)with the scientists during their own struggles.
4. Why do students fail to imagine themselves as scientists
A They lack interest in science. B. They are short of confidence
C. They don’t have inborn talent. D. They have no ability to study science
5. What’s the purpose of the intervention
A. To introduce some inspirational stories to students.
B. To expose students to scientists’ great achievements.
C. To ensure students will become scientists in the future.
D. To clear students’ misunderstandings of scientific work.
6. The underlined word “pronounced” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to________.
A. minimal B. noticeable C. doubtful D. long-lasting
7. What can we learn from the research
A. Science ability has nothing to do with efforts.
B. Students are more motivated by achievement stories.
C. Scientists’ struggle stories can influence readers’ beliefs.
D. Low-performing students tend to feel connected to scientists.
【答案】4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究人员向九年级和十年级的学生提出“什么样的人可以成为科学家”这个问题时，几乎每个学生的回答都是“努力学习的人”或“对科学领域感兴趣的人”。为了解除这种误解，研究人员设计了一项干预，即了解更多关于科学家的奋斗可以帮助学生更有动力学习科学，结果发现，听过任何一种“奋斗故事”的学生在干预后的科学表现都有所提高。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段内容“Many of these same students struggled to imagine themselves as scientists, citing concerns such as ‘I’m not good at science’ and ‘Even if I work hard, I will not do well.’ It’s easy for them to see a scientist’s work as arising from an inborn talent.(同样是这些学生中的许多人都很难将自己想象成科学家，理由是“我不擅长科学”和“即使我努力工作，也不会做得很好”。他们很容易将科学家的工作视为天生的才能。)”可知，这些学生认为能够成为科学家是天生的才能，“自己不擅长”或“即使努力也无法做好”这样的理由可以看作为他们缺乏自信，从而很难将自己想象成科学家。故选B项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Researchers at Teachers College, Columbia University and the University of Washington designed an intervention to change students’ beliefs that scientific achievement reflects ability rather than effort by exposing students to stories of how accomplished scientists struggled and overcame challenges in their scientific efforts.(教师学院、哥伦比亚大学和华盛顿大学的研究人员设计了一种干预措施，让学生了解有成就的科学家在科学努力中如何努力和克服挑战的故事，从而改变学生们认为科学成就反映的是能力而不是努力的观念。)”可知，这项干预通过让学生们了解科学家们是如何努力奋斗克服挑战的，以澄清学生对科学工作的误解。故选D项。
【6题详解】
词义猜测题。分析可知，非限制性定语从句“for whom exposure to struggling stories led to significantly better science-class performance than low-performing students who read achievement stories. (对他们来说，接触奋斗故事比阅读成就故事的成绩差的学生在科学课上表现更好)”的先行词为“lower performing students(成绩差的学生)”，因此可知，在“干预”后，接触奋斗故事的成绩差的学生和阅读成就故事的成绩差的学生在科学课上都有了好的表现，且二者之间通过对比出现了“更好”，由此可推知，干预对于成绩差的学生效果显著，因此，“The effect was especially pronounced”应是“效果显著”的意思，由此可推知，“pronounced”应是“明显的，显著的”含义，与选项B“noticeable(显而易见的)”含义相同。故选B项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章末尾内容“By recognizing a scientist’s struggles and introducing the growth mindset he or she applied to accomplish great works, the students were able to empathize (共情) with the scientists during their own struggles.(通过认识科学家的奋斗，并介绍他或她在完成伟大工作时所运用的成长心态，学生们能够在科学家的奋斗过程中感同身受。)”可知，通过了解一个科学家的奋斗史，学生们使得自己在奋斗过程中能够产生与科学家的共鸣，从而能够改变之前的对于科学家工作的误解。由此可推知，科学家的奋斗故事可以影响读者的信念。故选C项。
C
It is likely that most people have the shared feeling: how come Christmas appears to come around quicker and quicker each year Questionnaires by psychologists have shown almost everyone feels time is passing faster now compared to when they were half or a quarter as old. Most strikingly, lots of experiments have shown that, when older people are asked to guess how long the time is, or to “reproduce” the length of periods of time, they guess a shorter amount than younger people.
In 1877, Paul Janet suggested the proportional theory, where a child of 10 feels a year as 1/10 of his whole life while a man of 50 as 1/50, so the subjective sense of the 50-year-old man is that these are insignificant periods of time.
There are also biological theories. The speeding up of time is linked to how our metabolism(新陈代谢) gradually slows down as we grow older. Children’s hearts beat faster than adults’. They breathe more quickly. With their blood flowing more quickly, their body clocks “cover” more time within the space of 24 hours than ours do as adults. On the other hand, older people are like clocks that run slower than normal, so that they lag behind, and cover less than 24 hours.
In the 1930s, the psychologist Hudson Hoagland found body temperature causes different perceptions of time. Once, when he looked after his ill wife, he noticed she complained he’d been away for a long time even if only away for a few moments. Therefore, Hoagland tested her perception of time at different temperatures, finding the higher her temperature, the more time seemed to slow down for her, and that raising a person’s body temperature can slow down his sense of time passing by up to 20%.
Time doesn’t necessarily have to speed up as we get older though. It depends on how we live our lives, and how we relate to our experiences.
8. What does the author want to tell by the questionnaires and experiments in paragraph 1
A. The old feel time flies faster than the young.
B. Time now is shorter than before.
C. Aging makes people think slowly.
D. The old value time more than before.
9. Which is NOT the factor for children’s slow perception of time according to biological theories
A. Children’s hearts beat faster than adults’.
B. Children breathe more quickly.
C. Children run more quickly.
D. Children’s body clocks “cover” more time within the space of 24 hours.
10. Who may feel time go more slowly by the theory of Hudson Hoagland
A. A child with slower metabolism. B. A kid feeling ill.
C. A grown-up feeling freezing. D. An adult with a high fever.
11. Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A. How Time Flies!
B. What causes different perceptions of time.
C. Live a Fun Life!
D. Time is speeding up.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。大多数人可能都有同样的感受：为什么圣诞节一年比一年来得快呢？心理学家的调查问卷显示，几乎每个人都觉得现在时间过得比自己年龄一半或四分之一时快。 文章介绍了保罗·珍妮特提出的比例理论、生物学理论和心理学家哈德森·霍格兰的体温理论。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Questionnaires by psychologists have shown almost everyone feels time is passing faster now compared to when they were half or a quarter as old. Most strikingly, lots of experiments have shown that, when older people are asked to guess how long the time is, or to“reproduce”the length of periods of time, they guess a shorter amount than younger people. (心理学家的调查问卷显示，几乎每个人都觉得现在时间过得比自己年龄一半或四分之一时快。最引人注目的是，大量的实验表明，当老年人被要求猜测时间有多长，或“重现”一段时间的长度时，他们猜测的时间比年轻人要短)”可知，间卷调查和实验表明同样长的一 段时间，老年人觉得短，而孩子觉得很长，所以可以推理老年人觉得时间过得快。故选A项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The speeding up of time is linked to how our metabolism (新陈代谢) gradually slows down as we grow older. Children’s hearts beat faster than adults’. They breathe more quickly. With their blood flowing more quickly, their body clocks “cover”
more time within the space of 24 hours than ours do as adults.(时间的加速与我们的新陈代谢有关，随着年龄的增长，速度逐渐变慢。孩子们的心跳比成年人快。他们呼吸得更快。由于他们的血液流动得更快，他们的生物钟在24小时内“覆盖”的时间比我们成年人多。)”可知，儿童血液流动更快，而不是跑得快。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Therefore, Hoagland tested her perception of time at different
temperatures, finding the higher her temperature, the more time seemed to slow down for her, and that raising a person’s body temperature can slow down his sense of time passing by up to20%.(因此，霍格兰测试了她在不同温度下的时间知觉，发现她的体温越高，时间对她来说似乎越慢，而提高一个人的体温可以使他对时间流逝的感觉慢20%)”可知，人的体温越高，就会觉得时间越慢。由此可知，一个人发烧体温高时会觉得时间过得比较慢。故选D项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段“It is likely that most people have the shared feeling: how come Christmas appears to come around quicker and quicker each year (可能大多数人都有这样的感觉：圣诞节怎么一年比一年快？)”提到了人感觉时间过得更快了；第二段“In 1877, Paul Janet suggested the proportional theory, where a child of 10 feels a year as 1/10 of his whole life while a man of 50 as 1/50, so the subjective sense of the 50-year-old man is that these are insignificant periods of time.(1877年，保罗·珍妮特提出了比例理论，一个10岁的孩子感觉一年是他一生的1/10，而一个50岁的男人感觉一年是他一生的1/50，所以50岁的男人主观感觉这些都是不重要的时间。)”提到了保罗·珍妮特的比例理论；第三段“There are also biological theories. The speeding up of time is linked to how our metabolism(新陈代谢) gradually slows down as we grow older.(还有一些生物学理论。随着年龄的增长，我们的新陈代谢逐渐减慢，这与时间的加快有关。)”从生物学理论解释了时间加快的原因；第四段“In the 1930s, the psychologist Hudson Hoagland found body temperature causes different perceptions of time.( 20世纪30年代，心理学家哈德森·霍格兰发现，体温会导致对时间的不同感知。)”提到了哈德森·霍格兰的发现，即体温会导致时间的不同感知；最后一段“Time doesn’t necessarily have to speed up as we get older though. It depends on how we live our lives, and how we relate to our experiences.(不过，随着年龄的增长，时间并不一定会加快。这取决于我们如何生活，以及我们如何与我们的经历联系起来。)”提到了时间并不一定会加快，这取决于如何生活。由此可推知，本文目的在于解释“人为何会觉得时间在加快”这一问题。B项“What causes different perceptions of time.(是什么导致了不同的时间观念 )”最能概括本文主要内容。故选B项。
D
If you’re not at least a bit terrified by the climate and ecological breakdown unfolding before our eyes, you haven’t grasped the scale of the crisis. Eco-anxiety, defined as “a chronic(长期的)fear of environmental doom”, is on the rise. But redirecting this anxiety into anger and collective action might just pull humanity back from the brink.
We don’t yet know how deeply eco-anxiety affects people, but we can learn not to repeat the mistakes of long-gone societies lost to environmental collapse. Jared Diamond’s Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed uncovers the common driver that led to the fall of ancient civilizations such as the Central American Mayan, the remote Pacific Easter Island, and the Mycenae: People accidentally destroyed the environmental resources on which their societies depended.
Today, we are living in a new climate and ecological age. The new normal is one that humans have never before experienced on earth, and that has occurred within a single generation. We can’t claim ignorance. Numerous scientific reports show: unprecedented(空前的)wildfires in the Arctic, heatwaves annually breaking records, the Amazon shrinking and drying, and species extinction rates accelerating. Nature’s dangerous decline is unprecedented.
So, it’s not surprising that eco-anxiety is on the rise. Anxiety is often a private emotional state: We feel alone, stuck inside our own heads, and our emotions stop us from doing the things we want. But anger, directed appropriately, can fuel powerful collective action for change.
We are on a pathway to destroy the global conditions for human survival. Unlike previous civilizations, we have the science and technology to understand our danger and chart a new pathway. This is a moment for all of us to channel our eco-anxiety, fear and anger into energy for change.
12. Which of the following best describes “eco-anxiety”
A. Uncertainty about the future. B. Anxiety about modern civilization.
C. Fear of changes in the living standard. D. Worries about the destruction of nature.
13. Why are some ancient civilizations mentioned in Paragraph 2
A. To warn people to learn a lesson from the past.
B. To prove the importance of ancient civilizations.
C. To present the collapse of ancient civilizations.
D. To add some background information on eco-anxiety.
14. Why is eco-anxiety on the rise
A. People lack the knowledge about nature. B. Nature is in its most dangerous state ever.
C. Climate issues can’t be solved effectively. D. People have limited access to natural resources.
15. How does the author feel about the global conditions for humans in the future
A. Frustrated. B. Doubtful. C. Hopeful. D. Concerned.
【答案】12. D 13. A 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述的是生态焦虑——对环境毁灭的长期恐惧。大自然的危险衰退是前所未有的，虽然我们还不知道生态焦虑对人们的影响有多深，但我们可以学会不重蹈那些因环境崩溃而消失已久的社会的错误。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“ Eco-anxiety, defined as “a chronic(长期的)fear of environmental doom”, is on the rise. （生态焦虑，被定义为“对环境毁灭的长期恐惧”，正在上升）”可知，生态焦虑是指对自然破坏的担忧。由此推知，D项“对自然破坏的担忧”符合题意。故选D。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“We don’t yet know how deeply eco-anxiety affects people, but we can learn not to repeat the mistakes of long-gone societies lost to environmental collapse.（我们还不知道生态焦虑对人们的影响有多深，但我们可以学会不重蹈那些因环境崩溃而消失已久的社会的错误）”推知，第二段提到一些古代文明，以警告人们从过去吸取教训。故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Numerous scientific reports show: unprecedented(空前的)wildfires in the Arctic，heatwaves annually breaking records，the Amazon shrinking and drying, and species extinction rates accelerating. Nature’s dangerous decline is unprecedented.（大量的科学报告表明：北极史无前例的野火，每年都打破记录的热浪，亚马逊萎缩和干燥，物种灭绝速度加快。大自然的危险衰退是前所未有的）”和第四段的“So, it’s not surprising that eco-anxiety is on the rise.（因此，生态焦虑症的上升也就不足为奇了）”推知，生态焦虑的上升，是因为自然界正处于有史以来最危险的状态。故选B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Unlike previous civilizations, we have the science and technology to understand our danger and chart a new pathway. This is a moment for all of us to channel our eco-anxiety, fear and anger into energy for change.（与以前的文明不同，我们有科学和技术来了解我们的危险，并绘制出新的道路。这是我们所有人将对生态环境的焦虑、恐惧和愤怒转化为变革能量的时刻）”推知，作者对人类未来的全球状况充满希望。故选C。
第二节 (共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Color psychology is the study of how colors affect human behavior, mood, or physiological processes. Colors affect our feelings and memories. ___16___ Companies choose colors that they believe will motivate customers to buy their products and improve brand awareness.
Color perception is very subjective, as different people have different ideas about and responses to colors. Several factors influence color perception, which makes it difficult to determine if color alone impacts our emotions and actions.___17___ In some cultures, for example, white is associated with happiness and purity. In a situation where a woman is wearing a white wedding dress, is she happy because she is influenced by the color white or because she is getting married To someone from a different culture, wearing white may signify sadness. ___18___
While no direct cause and effect relationship between color and behavior has been found, some generalizations about colors and what they may symbolize have been determined. Colors including red, yellow, and orange are considered warm colors. ___19___ Cool colors include blue, violet, and green. These colors are associated with calmness and coolness.
___20___ We see colors with our brains. Our eyes are important for detecting and responding to light,but it is the brain's visual center in the occipital lobes（枕叶）that processes visual information and assigns color. The colors we see are determined by the wavelength of light that is reflected. The brain integrates these wavelength signals enabling us to distinguish among millions of different colors.
A. We don't actually see colors with our eyes.
B. Our brain associates the wavelength with a color.
C. Colors also have been used to treat various diseases.
D. They are even thought to influence our buying choices.
E. These colors are thought to stimulate exciting emotions.
F. The influential factors of color perception include age and culture.
G. This is because white is associated with sorrow and death in those cultures.
【答案】16. D 17. F 18. G 19. E 20. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了色彩如何影响人类行为、情绪或生理过程等，有很多因素会影响颜色感知，如年龄或文化等等。我们实际上不是用眼睛看到颜色的。我们用大脑看到颜色。
【16题详解】
此处为段中设空，要根据前后文的语义逻辑关系来判断。根据前一句“Colors affect our feelings and memories.（颜色影响我们的感觉和记忆。）”可知，这一空将会继续说颜色的影响。根据后一句“Companies choose colors that they believe will motivate customers to buy their products and improve brand awareness.（公司选择他们认为会激励顾客购买他们的产品和提高品牌知名度的颜色。）”可知，颜色会影响我们的购买选择。D选项“他们甚至被认为会影响我们的购买选择。”符合语境，故选D。
【17题详解】
此处为段中设空，要根据前后文的语义逻辑关系来判断。根据上文“Several factors influence color perception, which makes it difficult to determine if color alone impacts our emotions and actions.（有几个因素会影响颜色感知，这使得很难确定颜色是否会单独影响我们的情绪和行为。）”可知，这一空将会谈到“颜色感知的影响因素”。根据下文“In some cultures, for example, white is associated with happiness and purity.（例如，在某些文化中，白色与幸福和纯洁联系在一起。）”和“ To someone from a different culture, wearing white may signify sadness.（对于来自不同文化的人来说，穿白色可能意味着悲伤。）”可知，文化是影响颜色感知的因素之一。F选项“The influential factors of color perception include age and culture.”中，“The influential factors of color perception”与上文一致，“culture”与下文一致，故选F。
【18题详解】
此处为段末设空，在语义上要承接上文。根据上文“To someone from a different culture, wearing white may signify sadness.（对于来自不同文化的人来说，穿白色可能意味着悲伤）”可知，此空可能会通过举例等方式来对前一句观点进行论证。G选项“This is because white is associated with sorrow and death in those cultures.（这是因为在那些文化中，白色与悲伤和死亡联系在一起。）”与语境相符，故选G。
【19题详解】
此处为段中设空，要根据前后文的语义逻辑关系来判断。根据上文“Colors including red, yellow, and orange are considered warm colors.（包括红色、黄色和橙色在内的颜色被认为是暖色。）”和下文“Cool colors include blue, violet, and green. These colors are associated with calmness and coolness.（冷色包括蓝色、紫色和绿色。这些颜色与平静和冷静联系在一起。）”可知，此处应该要说明暖色调与情绪的关联性。E选项“These colors are thought to stimulate exciting emotions.（这些颜色被认为能激发兴奋的情绪）”刚好与冷色调形成对比，与下文一致。“these colors”指代“blue, violet, and green”，承接上文。故选E。
【20题详解】
根据下文“Our eyes are important for detecting and responding to light, but it is the brain's visual center in the occipital lobes（枕叶）that processes visual information and assigns color. （我们的眼睛对于探测光线和对光线做出反应非常重要，但处理视觉信息和分配颜色的是大脑枕叶的视觉中心。）”可知，We see colors with our brains.（我们用大脑看到颜色。），言外之意，我们不是用眼睛看颜色的。A选项“We don't actually see colors with our eyes.”符合文意，故选A。
第二部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
There once was an ordinary street in the suburbs where no one cared much for their gardens. The lawns were overgrown, the weeds were _____21_____ and the hedges (树篱) desperately needed to be cut back. It looked very _____22_____. But when the neighbors saw their _____23_____, they just looked at each other and laughed.
It seemed too hard to _____24_____ all the gardens and no one could be bothered to make them better because everyone's garden was _____25_____ terrible. No one felt it was urgent to _____26_____ anything. Then a gardener named Bill moved in. Bill was a _____27_____, hard-working and patient man who started working in the garden as soon as he _____28_____ in the street. He took his lawn mower (割草机) out to cut back the grass and pulled out all of the weeds. Finally, he took up his gardening and started _____29_____ his hedges, making them look like flowers, plants, stones, balls, etc.
Attracted by the ______30______, the neighbors walked by and admired the newly manicured (修整的) garden. Over some time, something interesting happened. One by one, the neighbors started to put in more ______31______ in their own gardens and the sounds of lawn mowers could be heard again. After a few months, the street was ______32______ from a dirty, unappealing collection of houses to a beautiful avenue that wouldn't be out of place in a stylish magazine.
One person's action showed everyone what could be achieved with a little ______33______ work. It's easy for us to ______34______ the environment around us because no one else cares about it. Remember what you positively do not only ______35______ yourself, but also results in a change to the whole world.
21. A. taking over B. dying out C. giving D. falling off
22. A. tidy B. delicate C. familiar D. awful
23. A. gardens B. doors C. roofs D. farms
24. A. purchase B. guard C. clear D. build
25. A. scarcely B. invisibly C. slightly D. equally
26. A. keep B. change C. reach D. defeat
27. A. proud B. casual C. neat D. selfless
28. A. settled B. stepped C. performed D. stood
29. A. planting B. picking C. watering D. shaping
30. A. office clerk B. fashion designer C. landscape gardener D. street cleaner
31. A. furniture B. staff C. effort D. heat
32. A. transformed B. moved C. enlarged D. passed
33. A. mental B. hard C. corporate D. optional
34. A. observe B. mind C. overlook D. pollute
35. A. traps B. benefits C. defends D. admires
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过讲述一条街的邻居在比尔的影响下开始清理自己的花园，让周围环境更美的故事，告诉读者一个人的行为可以向人们展示只需要一点点努力就可以做出改变。
【21题详解】
考查动词和动词短语辨析。句意：草坪杂草丛生，杂草占据了花园，树篱迫切地需要修剪。A. taking over接管，接收； B. dying out灭绝；C. giving给；D. falling off跌落，下降。根据上文的“The lawns were overgrown”可知，此处指杂草接管了花园，即“占据”。故选A。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它看起来非常糟糕。A. tidy整洁；B. delicate精美的；C. familiar熟悉的；D. awful糟糕的。根据上文的“The lawns were overgrown, the weeds were _____1_____ and the hedges (树篱) desperately needed to be cut back.”可知，这里的花园杂草丛生，看起来非常糟糕。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但当邻居看着他们的花园时，他们只是相视而笑。A. gardens花园；B. doors门；C. roofs屋顶；D. farms农场。根据上文的“There once was an ordinary street in the suburbs where no one cared much for their gardens.”可知，此处是指花园。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：要把所有这些花园清理干净似乎不容易，大家都懒得去收拾，因为所有人的花园都一样糟糕。A. purchase购买；B. guard守卫；C. clear清理；D. build建造。根据下文的“to make them better”可知，此处是指清理这些花园。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：要把所有这些花园清理干净似乎不容易，大家都懒得去收拾，因为所有人的花园都一样糟糕。A. scarcely几乎不；B. invisibly看不见地；C. slightly稍微地；D. equally相同的。根据上文的“where no one cared much for their gardens.”可知，这条街上人们的花园都同样糟糕，因为大家都不关心花园。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：没人觉得迫切需要改变什么。A. keep保持；B. change改变；C. reach到达；D. defeat打败。结合上文提到大家看到杂草丛生的花园都无动于衷、不想清理可知，没人想要做出改变。且下文的“but also results in a change to the whole world.”也是提示。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：比尔是一个整洁、勤劳以及有耐心的人，他到这条街安顿下来就开始在花园里忙碌起来。A. proud骄傲的；B. casual随意的；C. neat整洁的；D. selfless无私的。根据下文的“He took his lawn mower (割草机) out to cut back the grass and pulled out all of the weeds. ”可知，比尔开始清理花园，由此推知他是一个爱整洁的人。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：比尔是一个整洁、勤劳以及有耐心的人，他到这条街安顿下来就开始在花园里忙碌起来。A. settled定居，安顿；B. stepped踏；C. performed表演；D. stood站。根据上文的“Then a gardener named Bill moved in.”可知，比尔搬到了这条街，即在这里安顿下来。故选A。
29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他开始了园艺，开始给树篱造型，让它们看起来像花、植物、石头、球或者其他。A. planting种植；B. picking摘；C. watering浇水；D. shaping塑造，造型。根据下文的“making them look like flowers, plants, stones, balls, etc.”可知，比尔在给树篱造型，让它们看起来更美。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查名词词组辨析。句意：被园林园丁吸引，邻居们专程过来欣赏刚刚休整好的花园。A. office clerk办公室职员；B. fashion designer时尚设计师；C. landscape gardener园林园丁；D. street cleaner街道清扫员。根据上文的“he took up his gardening and started _____9_____ his hedges, making them look like flowers, plants, stones, balls, etc.”可推知，比尔是一个园林园丁。故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：邻居们陆续开始投入更多的精力到自己的花园，割草机的声音又可以被听见了。A. furniture家具；B. staff员工；C. effort努力，精力；D. heat热量。根据上文的“There once was an ordinary street in the suburbs where no one cared much for their gardens.”可知，从前邻居们对自家的花园不管不顾，但现在在比尔的影响下开始把更多的精力投入到其中。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，这条街从一堆肮脏、毫无吸引力的房子变成了一条在时尚杂志上都不会显得格格不入的街道。A. transformed改变；B. moved搬动；C. enlarged扩大；D. passed经过。结合上文可知，现在这条街的人都格外关注自己的花园，由此推知这条街发生了变化，即被改变了。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个人的行为向所有人展示了只需要一点努力就可以取得成就。A. mental精神上的；B. hard努力的；C. corporate合作的；D. optional选择的。根据上文的“One by one, the neighbors started to put in more _____11_____ in their own gardens and the sounds of lawn mowers could be heard again.”可知，只要每个人都付出一点努力，结果就会大不相同。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们很容易忽略我们的周围的环境，因为没有其他人在乎它。A. observe观察；B. mind介意；C. overlook忽略；D. pollute污染。根据上文的“The lawns were overgrown, the weeds were _____1_____ and the hedges (树篱) desperately needed to be cut back.”和“But when the neighbors saw their _____3_____, they just looked at each other and laughed.”可知，人们很容易忽略周围的环境，因为大家都不关注。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：记住：你积极从事的事情不仅对你有益，还可以给整个世界带来变化。A. traps困住；B. benefits对……有益；C. defends保卫，守卫；D. admires钦佩，羡慕。结合上文故事可知，比尔清理花园的行为不仅对自己有好处，还带动整条街的邻居改变周围的环境。故选B。
第二节 (共10小题;每小题1，5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Japanese government has been urging the public to reduce wasted food for years as the country wastes ___36___ large amount of food every year despite its low level of food self-sufficiency rate.
More than half of the wasted food comes from related enterprises, ___37___ (main) from substandard food, returned food, and food leftovers from unsold products in restaurants. The rest come from household leftovers, food thrown away before ___38___ (eat), and food that is over-processed and wasted during cooking.
In recent years, smartphones ___39___ (play) a major role in cutting down on wasted food. In 2018, a mobile app ___40___ (call) TABETE, which means “Please eat” in Japanese, was launched in cities like Tokyo and Osaka, ___41___ (aim) to use digital technology to “save” any food ___42___ might go to waste.
The app allows stores ___43___ (post)pictures and prices of foods that need to be “saved”, while consumers can search for nearby stores, place an online order, pay for them and then pick them ___44___ at an agreed time. They also mobilize local shops to become TABETE ___45___(member), showing food materials they might waste and appealing to the public to “save” them.
【答案】36. a 37. mainly
38. being eaten
39. have played
40. called 41. aiming
42. that 43. to post
44. up 45. members
【解析】
【导语】本文是一片说明文。主要介绍了一款名为TABETE的手机应用在敦促公众减少浪费食物所起的作用。
【36题详解】
考查冠词。句意：多年来，日本政府一直敦促公众减少浪费的食物，因为尽管该国的食物自给率很低，但每年都会浪费大量食物。a large amount of为固定短语，表示“大量的”符合题意，故填a。
【37题详解】
考查副词。句意：超过一半的被浪费的食品来自相关企业，主要来自不合格食品、退回的食品和餐馆未售出的剩菜。分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰后面的介词短语，表示“主要地”，应用副词。故填mainly。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：其余的来自家庭剩菜、食用前扔掉的食物，以及烹饪过程中过度加工和浪费的食物。分析句子结构可知，设空处作介词before的宾语，eat与其逻辑上的主语food之间为动宾关系，应用动名词的被动语态，故填being eaten。
【39题详解】
考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：近年来，智能手机在减少食物浪费方面发挥了重要作用。由时间状语“In recent years”可知，应用现在完成时，主语为smartphones，谓语应用复数形式。故填have played。
【40题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2018年，一款名为TABETE的手机应用在东京和大阪等城市推出，旨在利用数字技术“节约”任何可能浪费的食物。分析句子结构可知，句中已含有一个谓语动词且没有连接词，设空处为非谓语动词，call与其逻辑上的主语a mobile app之间为动宾关系，需用过去分词，故填called。
【41题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：2018年，一款名为TABETE的手机应用在东京和大阪等城市推出，旨在利用数字技术“节约”任何可能浪费的食物。分析句子结构可知，该句已有谓语动词“was launched”，设空处为非谓语动词，aim与其逻辑上的主语a mobile app之间为主谓关系，需用现在分词。故填aiming。
【42题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：2018年，一款名为TABETE的手机应用在东京和大阪等城市推出，旨在利用数字技术“节约”任何可能浪费的食物。分析句子结构可知，设空处为定语从句的引导词，先行词为food指物在从句中作主语，且先行词food前有any修饰，只能使用关系代词that，故填that。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：该应用程序允许商店发布需要“保存”的食品的图片和价格，而消费者可以搜索附近的商店，在网上下单，付款，然后在约定的时间领取。allow...to do...，意为“允许……做……”符合题意，故填to post。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：该应用程序允许商店发布需要“保存”的食品的图片和价格，而消费者可以搜索附近的商店，在网上下单，付款，然后在约定的时间领取。短语pick sth. up表示“取某物”，符合题意，故填up。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意：他们还动员当地商店成为TABETE成员，展示他们可能浪费的食物材料，并呼吁公众“拯救”它们。member “成员”为可数名词，根据local shops可知，设空处需用复数，故填members。
第三部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
46. 假如你是高三学生李华，请你写一篇演讲稿，代表全体同学在毕业典礼上发言，内容要点如下：
1. 即将毕业的心情；
2. 高中三年的收获；
3. 表示感谢。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Good morning, everyone!
I'm Li Hua. It's my great honor to stand here on behalf of all the students to deliver my speech. At this moment, I cannot bear to part but I am also eager for my new life at university. During the past three years, not only have I made some true friends who share sorrows and joys with me, but also I have gained rich knowledge.
Before leaving, I'd like to express my sincere gratitude to my teachers. Now I am about to start my new college life and I will live up to the expectations of my teachers and my parents.
Thank you for your listening.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生代表全体同学在毕业典礼上发言，写一篇演讲稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
代表：in the name of=on behalf of
获得：obtain→gain
感激：appreciation→gratitude
开始：begin→start
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Before leaving, I'd like to express my sincere gratitude to my teachers.
拓展句：Before leaving, I'd like to express my sincere gratitude to my teachers who helped a lot in my study.
【点睛】[高分句型1] It's my great honor to stand here on behalf of all the students to deliver my speech. (运用了It做形式主语，动词不定式做真正主语)
[高分句型2] During the past three years, not only have I made some true friends who share sorrows and joys with me, but also I have gained rich knowledge. (运用了not only…but also…倒装句和who引导的限制性定语从句)
第二节 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Grandpa’s Old Chair
It was the annual cleaning day for the family. John and his mom were busy cleaning the house. They cleaned upstairs, downstairs, inside and outside until everything was spotless. Exhausted, they sank into the couch. Just then, John’s mom noticed an old chair that was faded and worn. That chair was for John’s grandpa, who had lived with them since John’s grandma had died.
“John come and help me.” John’s mom sprang to her feet. “We’ll take the chair to the curb (路边). The garbage truck is picking up on our block tomorrow.”
As they attempted to move the chair, John’s grandpa made his way through the door. Seeing what was happening, he quickly tried to stop them. “No!” he protested. “You can’t take my chair.”
“But it’s so old...” John’s mom argued. “We’ll buy you a new one.”
“No,” he persisted, trying to push his chair back into place.
John’s mom finally let go of the chair and left the room. With a sigh of relief, the old man sank into his chair and closed his eyes.
“Grandpa, why won’t you let us get rid of the chair ” John asked.
“You don’t understand, John.” His grandpa shook his head and said, “I sat in this chair with your grandma right here when I asked her to marry me. And I sat in this chair the night your father was born. Many years later,” Grandpa’s voice broke, “I sat in this chair when the doctor called and told me that your grandma was ill. I was lost without her, but the chair gave me comfort and warmth.” The old man’s sadness seemed to grow as he recalled that fateful day.
“I understand now.” John looked at his grandpa and said, “This is not just any old chair. It is more like a friend.”
“Yes,” he nodded. “We’ve gone through a lot together.”
However, that night, when John and his grandpa were asleep, John’s mom and dad carried the chair outside. It was a starless night. Snow fell silently from the black sky and covered Grandpa’s chair in a blanket of white.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1:
The next morning, John was woken by the garbage truck pulling up to the house.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
Hearing this, John’s mom looked at his grandpa and slowly walked towards him.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
The next morning, John was woken by the garbage truck pulling up to the house. He run downstairs and saw his grandpa looking outside through the window, tears rolling down his cheeks. The chair stood at the curb on the street, covered in snow. “Wait! Don’t take that chair,” he shouted. John then ran back inside and said, “Mom, you can’t throw out grandpa’s chair. It has been with him for decades and is like a loyal friend that has witnessed the most important moments in his life!”
Paragraph 2:
Hearing this, John’s mom looked at his grandpa and slowly walked towards him. She handed grandpa a tissue and said, “I’m sorry… I just didn’t realize how much it meant to you. John and I will bring your chair back.” They took the chair back inside. They placed it next to the fireplace so it could dry. John’s mom stepped back, as if seeing the chair for the very first time. “Mm... I guess it does give the room a certain touch of character,” she mused. John and his grandpa wholeheartedly agreed that the living room would be rather dull without this old chair.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了约翰妈妈在家里一年一度的清洁日打扫时，要把约翰爷爷的旧椅子扔掉，但旧椅子对爷爷来说意义非凡，爷爷不允许扔掉椅子，但那天晚上约翰的父母把爷爷的旧椅子放到了房屋外面，等第二天垃圾车把旧椅子带走，约翰发现后及时阻止，保住了那把具有特殊价值的椅子。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“第二天早上，约翰被停在房子旁边的垃圾车吵醒了。”可知，第一段可描写约翰发现爷爷的旧椅子将要被垃圾车带走，他赶紧阻止，向妈妈说明原因。
②由第二段首句内容“听到这个，约翰的妈妈看着他的爷爷，慢慢地向他走去。”可知，第二段可描写妈妈向爷爷道歉并拿回旧椅子，重新审视旧椅子在家中的特殊地位。
2.续写线索：旧椅子将要被带走——约翰阻止并向妈妈说明原因——妈妈向爷爷道歉——拿回旧椅子——妈妈重新审视旧椅子的价值
3.词汇激活
行为类
①大叫：shout/yell
②意识到：realize/be aware of
③放置：place/lay…aside
情绪类
①感到抱歉：be sorry/feel apologetic
②全心全意：wholeheartedly/with heart and soul
【点睛】[高分句型1]. It has been with him for decades and is like a loyal friend that has witnessed the most important moments in his life! (由关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2].John and his grandpa wholeheartedly agreed that the living room would be rather dull without this old chair. (由that引导的宾语从句)
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