备考2023年高考英语二轮专题:完形填空(议论文)
一、完形填空
(2023高三下·镇江开学考)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In
all one's lifetime it is oneself that one spends the most time being with or
dealing with. But it is 1. oneself that one has the least
understanding of. When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate
yourself. It seems that everything you seek for is within your 2. .
When you are going downhill you tend to underestimate yourself.
To
get a thorough understanding of oneself is to gain a correct view of oneself
and be a realist-aware of both one's 3. and weaknesses. You may 4. hopefully
to the future but be sure not to 5. too
much, for ideals can never be fully realized. You may be 6. to
meet challenges but it should be clear to you 7. to
direct your efforts. That's to say, so long as you have a perfect 8. of
yourself, there won't be difficulties you can't overcome.
To
get a thorough understanding of oneself needs self-appreciation. Whether you
think you are a towering tree or a blade of grass, a high mountain or a small
stone, you represent a state of nature that has its own reason of 9. . If you earnestly admire yourself you'll
have a real sense of self-appreciation, which will give you confidence. 10. you gain full confidence in yourself, you'll
be enabled to fight and overcome any difficulty.
To
get a thorough understanding of oneself also requires doing oneself a favor
when it's needed. In time of anger, do yourself a favor by giving an outlet to
it in a quiet place so that you won't be hurt by its flames; in time of
sadness, do yourself a favor by 11. it
with your friends so as to change a gloomy mood into a cheerful one; in time of
tiredness, do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep or taking some
stimulant. Show yourself loving concern about your health and daily life. 12. you
know perfectly well when and how to do yourself a favor, you won't be confident
and ready enough to 13. the attack of illness. As you are aware, what
a person physically has is but a human body that's vulnerable when 14. to the elements. So if you fall ill, it's
up to you to take a good care of yourself.
In
a word, to get a thorough understanding of oneself is to get a full 15. of
one's life. Then one will find one's life full of color and flavor.
1.A.permanently B.previously C.precisely D.perfectly
2.A.reach B.budget C.development D.brain
3.A.shortages B.disadvantages C.strengths D.limitations
4.A.look up B.look back C.look forward D.look down
5.A.expect B.analyze C.inspect D.dream
6.A.honest B.comprehensive C.courageous D.delicate
7.A.what B.which C.how D.where
8.A.image B.knowledge C.system D.memory
9.A.attack B.criticism C.popularity D.existence
10.A.As much as B.As soon as C.As far as D.As well as
11.A.quarreling B.arguing C.sharing D.blaming
12.A.Unless B.Once C.Since D.If
13.A.recall B.restore C.restart D.resist
14.A.exchanged B.exposed C.experienced D.exported
15.A.mark B.control C.account D.recovery
【答案】1.C;2.A;3.C;4.C;5.A;6.C;7.D;8.B;9.D;10.B;11.C;12.A;13.D;14.B;15.B
【知识点】议论文;教育文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,告诉我们,不要妄自菲薄,也不用高估自己,要学会真正了解自己,自我肯定,学会排解情绪,掌控生活。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及副词,动词,名词,形容词,状语从句,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
1.句意:但人最不了解的恰恰是自己。A. permanently“永久地”;B. previously“先前地”;C. precisely“恰好,精确地”;D. perfectly“完美地”。根据空前“But”和空后“one has the least understanding of”一个人最不了解,可知,此处是指人最不理解恰恰是自己。故选C。
2.句意:似乎你想要的一切都触手可及。A. reach“能及的范围”;B. budget“预算”;C. development“发展”;D. brain“大脑”。within reach固定短语,“伸手可及”,故选A。
3.句意:彻悟自己,就是要正确认识自己,做一个现实主义者,既认清自己的长处,也清楚自己的短处。A. shortages“短缺”;B. disadvantages“劣势”;C. strengths“优势,长处”;D. limitations“局限”。根据空后“weaknesses”可知,此处用strengths表示“优势、长处”与下文呼应,故选C。
4.句意:你可以憧憬未来,但不要期望太高,因为理想永远不能完全实现。A. look up“尊敬,查阅”;B. look back“回头看”;C. look forward“期望”;D. look down“向下看”。根据语境可知,此处指对未来的憧憬。故选C。
5.句意:你可以憧憬未来,但不要期望太高,因为理想永远不能完全实现。A. expect“期待”;B. analyze“分析”;C. inspect“审查”;D. dream“梦想”。根据空前“but”可知,上下文是转折关系,所以此处指不要期望太多。故选A。
6.句意:你可以勇敢地迎接挑战,但你应该清楚自己努力的方向。A. honest“诚实的”;B. comprehensive“综合性的”;C. courageous“勇敢的”;D. delicate“柔和的”。根据空后“to meet challenges”迎接挑战,可知,此处用固定搭配be courageous to do sth表示“勇敢地做某事”符合语境。故选C。
7.句意:你可以勇敢地迎接挑战,但你应该清楚自己努力的方向。A. what“什么”;B. which“哪一个”;C. how“如何”;D. where“哪儿”。根据空后“to direct”可知,此处用where指努力的方向。故选D。
8.句意:也就是说,只要你对自己有充分的认识,就没有克服不了的困难。A. image“形象”;B. knowledge“认识,知识”;C. system“体系”;D. memory“记忆”。根据空后“there won't be difficulties you can't overcome.”没有你克服不了的困难。可知,此处是指对自己有充分的认识,故选B。
9.句意:无论你认为自己是一棵参天大树还是一棵小草,是一座高山还是一块小石头,你都代表着一种自然状态,都有自己存在的理由。A. attack“袭击”;B. criticism“批评”;C. popularity“流行”;D. existence“存在”。根据空前的reason of可知,此处指存在的理由。故选D。
10.句意:如果你认真地欣赏自己,你就会有一种真正的自我欣赏,它会给你信心。只要你对自己充满信心,你就能战胜任何困难。A. As much as“多达”;B. As soon as“一……就......”;C. As far as“至于”;D. As well as“也,和”。根据空后“you'll be enabled to fight and overcome any difficulty.”你将能够对抗和克服任何困难,可知,此处指你一达到充满信心这一条件,就能客服任何困难。故选B。
11.句意:在忧伤的时候,要善待自己,找朋友倾诉一下,让沮丧的心情振作起来。A. quarreling“吵架”;B. arguing“争辩”;C. sharing“分享”;D. blaming“责备”。根据空后“so as to change a gloomy mood into a cheerful one”这样就可以把阴沉的心情变成愉快的心情)”可知,此处指通过和朋友倾诉即分享可以转变心情,故选C。
12.句意:除非你非常清楚何时以及如何帮助自己,否则你不会有足够的信心和准备来抵抗疾病的攻击。A. Unless“除非”;B. Once“曾经”;C. Since“自从,因为”;D. If“如果”。根据空后“ you know perfectly well when and how to do yourself a favor,”你非常清楚何时以及如何帮助自己,可知,此处是表必要条件,所以用 Unless表示“除非”符合语境。故选A。
13.句意:句意:除非你非常清楚何时以及如何帮助自己,否则你不会有足够的信心和准备来抵抗疾病的攻击。A.recall“回想起”;B. restore“恢复”;C. restart“重新启动”;D. resist“抵抗”。根据空后“the attack of illness(疾病的攻击)”可知,此处指抵抗疾病的攻击。故选D。
14.句意:正如你所知道的,一个人的身体所拥有的只是一个暴露在自然环境中的脆弱的人体。A. exchanged“交换”;B. exposed“暴露”;C. experienced“经历”;D. exported“出口”。根据空后“to the elements”可知,此处指暴露在自然环境中。故选B。
15.句意:总之,彻底了解自己,才能掌握自己的人生。A. mark“标记”;B. control“掌握,控制”;C. account“账户”;D. recovery“恢复”根据空后的life可知,此处指掌握自己的人生,故选B。
(2022高三上·西安月考)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的
A、B、C和 D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Early in my career, I was always struck by the fact that
"expensive" hotels charged
extra for things like internet access
and movies. At the same time, more 16. hotels included everything. Although
these less expensive
hotels did not have 17. lobbies (大堂), they did offer the things
that a young and tired 18. would want: a clean room and a quiet environment.
For the high prices you pay at nice hotels, everything should be 19. . They should give refunds for the things you
don't 20. instead
of cheating their customers.
I once read an article about a judge
who was invited
to a very expensive restaurant in
Washington. The restaurant's food and service were both 21. . But there was something that ruined the 22. : the judge was charged $1 for the ice in his $7 mixed drink. The fact that he was charged the extra
dollar separately – instead of just being charged $8 – made him so 23. that instead
of talking about how wonderful
everything was at the 24. , he only talked about the $1. Needless
to say, he 25. went
back to that restaurant.
I see the 26. thing is starting to happen in the airline
industry. For example, American
Airlines is charging $3.50 for snacks and $7 for meals. 27. , sodas and water are still free.
The airline should just charge a 28. fare and give you a refund for what you don't want or use. This will put more power in the hands
of the 29. – the airline might be surprised to find that people are 30. to pay for extra services. Just imagine what could happen if you just trust your customers to make
their own 31.
So remember, don't 32. your customers. 33. , charge what you think your service or product is worth and take it from there. This way, you can remove 34. services in exchange for lower prices. It becomes a win-win for you and your customers
by sharing purchasing decisions and therefore
giving your customers more 35. .
16.A.expensive B.affordable C.comfortable D.international
17.A.tidy B.fancy C.quiet D.formal
18.A.worker B.judge C.traveler D.student
19.A.charged B.accepted C.included D.improved
20.A.use B.allow C.eat D.ruin
21.A.cheap B.ordinary C.disappointing D.excellent
22.A.activity B.adventure C.experiment D.experience
23.A.angry B.ashamed C.satisfied D.sad
24.A.hotel B.party C.bar D.restaurant
25.A.often B.never C.hardly D.still
26.A.same B.different C.funny D.strange
27.A.Certainly B.Possibly C.Incredibly D.Naturally
28.A.higher B.lower C.standard D.discounted
29.A.employer B.customer C.company D.manager
30.A.able B.afraid C.proud D.willing
31.A.plans B.requests C.choices D.changes
32.A.embarrass B.cheat C.discourage D.disturb
33.A.Therefore B.Again C.Otherwise D.Instead
34.A.spare B.bad C.unnecessary D.important
35.A.freedom B.support C.warmth D.service
【答案】16.B;17.B;18.C;19.C;20.A;21.D;22.D;23.A;24.D;25.B;26.A;27.C;28.A;29.B;30.D;31.C;32.B;33.D;34.C;35.A
【知识点】议论文;社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,作者认为一些服务行业不应该收取额外的费用欺骗客户,而应该给顾客选择的自由来支付相应的费用。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇社会现象类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
16.句意:与此同时,更多实惠的酒店包括一切费用。A:expensive“昂贵的”;B:affordable“负担得起的,出得起钱的”;C:comfortable“舒适的”;D:international “国际的”。根据下文“these less expensive hotels”可知这种酒店不那么昂贵的,可负担得起的。 故选B。
17.句意:虽然这些更便宜的酒店没有豪华的大堂,他们确实为一个年轻而又疲惫的旅行者提供了所想要的一切:一个干净的房间和一个安静的环境。A:tidy“整齐的”;B:fancy“精致的,昂贵的”;C:quiet“安静的”D:formal“正式的”。根据背景知识,经济型酒店注重实用性,没有装修奢华的大堂。故选B。
18.句意:虽然这些更便宜的酒店没有豪华的大堂,他们确实为一个年轻而又疲惫的旅行者提供了所想要的东西:一个干净的房间和一个安静的环境。A:worker“工人”;B:judge“法官”;C:traveler“旅行者”;D:student“学生”。根据语境可知此处是旅客住酒店。故选C。
19.句意:对于你在好的酒店支付的高价格,一切都应该包括在内。A:charged“收费”;B:accepted“接受”;C:included“包括”;D:improved “改进”。根据上文“ ‘expensive’ hotels charged extra for things like internet access and movies.”“昂贵的”酒店对互联网接入和电影等东西收取额外费用,作者认为应该将一切费用都包括在内,而不是额外收费。故选C。
20.句意:他们应该为你不使用的东西退款,而不是欺骗他们的客户。A:use“使用”;B:allow“允许”;C:eat“吃”;D:ruin “毁掉”。按照常理,不使用的东西才能退款。故选A。
21.句意:这家餐馆的食物和服务都很好。A:cheap“便宜的”;B:ordinary“普通的”;C:disappointing“令人失望的”;D:excellent “优秀的”。根据下文“talking about how wonderful everything was”可知,这个餐馆的饮食和服务本来都很好。故选D。
22.句意:但是有一件事破坏了这次体验:法官在他7美元的混合饮料里加冰被收费1美元。A:activity“活动”;B:adventure“冒险”;C:experiment“实验”;D:experience“体验”。额外收费破坏了法官在这个餐馆的就餐体验,让他不愉快。故选D。
23.句意:事实上,他被单独收取额外的美元,而不是仅仅收取8美元,这让他非常生气,以至于在文章中他没有谈论在这个餐馆的一切是多么好,他只谈论了收取的1美元。A:angry“愤怒的”;B:ashamed“羞愧的”;C:satisfied“满意的”;D:sad “悲伤的”。额外收费让他生气。故选A。
24.句意:事实上,他被单独收取额外的1美元,而不是仅仅收取8美元,这让他非常生气,以至于在文章中他没有谈论在这个餐馆的一切是多么好,他只谈论了收取的1美元。A:hotel“旅馆”;B:party“聚会”;C:bar“酒吧”;D:restaurant “餐厅”。这里提到的是这位法官在餐馆里发生的一件事。故选D。
25.句意:不用说,他在也没回过那家餐馆。A:often“经常”;B:never“从不”;C:hardly“几乎不”;D:still“仍然”。法官在那家餐馆的就餐体验不愉快,就不会再去。故选B。
26.句意:我看到在航空业也开始发生同样的事情。A:same“相同的”;B:different“不同的”;C:funny“有趣的”;D:strange “奇怪的”。根据下文“American Airlines is charging $3.50 for snacks and $7 for meals.”,是举例说明在美国航空公司同样也发生了额外收取费用的情况。故选A。
27.句意: 难以置信,碳酸饮料和水仍然是免费的。A:Certainly“肯定地”;B:Possibly“可能地”;C:Incredibly“难以置信的”;D:Naturally“自然而然地”。根据上文可知, 美国航空公司零食和餐费分开收费, 而碳酸饮料和水是免费的,这是让人难以相信的。故选C。
28.句意:航空公司应该收取更高的票价,然后为你不想要或不使用的东西退款。A:higher“较高的”;B:lower“较低的”;C:standard“标准的”;D:discounted “打折扣的”。作者是建议航空公司先收费,然后再根据具体情况进行退款。这样,收取的费用当然会更高。故选A。
29.句意: 这将使更多的权力掌握在顾客手中——航空公司可能会惊讶地发现,人们愿意支付额外的服务。A:employer“雇主”;B:customer“顾客”;C:company“公司”;D:manager “经理”。根据上文“give you a refund for what you don't want or use.”顾客可以选择使用或者不使用,选择权掌握在顾客手中。故选B。
30.句意: 这将使更多的权力掌握在顾客手中——航空公司可能会惊讶地发现,人们愿意支付额外的服务。A:able“能够的”;B:afraid“害怕的”;C:proud“骄傲的”;D:willing “愿意的”。因为不想要的东西或者未使用的东西可以退款,所以顾客愿意先支付额外的费用。故选D。
31.句意:想象一下,如果你相信你的客户做出自己的选择,会发生什么?A:plans“计划”;B:requests“请求”;C:choices“选择”;D:changes “改变”。根据上文,顾客可以选择使用或者不使用什么,可以自己选择。故选C。
32.句意: 因此记住,不要欺骗你的顾客。 A:embarrass“使尴尬,使难为情”;B:cheat“欺骗”;C:discourage“劝阻”;D:disturb “打扰”。根据上文“They should give refunds (退款) for the things you don't 5 instead of cheating their customers.”,作者认为不应该欺骗顾客。
故选B。
33.句意:相反,你应该根据你认为自己的服务或产品的价值来收费,并从中获利。A:Therefore“因此”;B:Again“又,再”;C:Otherwise“否则”;D:Instead “相反”。根据上文作者提出建议“不要欺骗顾客”,这里是建议“根据提供的服务和产品价值来收费”,两个句子之间语义上是转折关系。故选D。
34.句意:通过这种方式,您可以删除不必要的服务,以换取更低的价格。A:spare“多余的”;B:bad“不好的”;C:unnecessary“不必要的”;D:important“重要的”。根据空后“lower prices”可知,只有减少不必要的服务,才能降低费用。故选C。
35.句意:这对你和你的客户来说是双赢的,通过分享购买决策,从而给你的客户更多的自由。A:freedom“自由”;B:support“支持”;C:warmth“温暖”;D:service “服务”。顾客可以自己决定需要什么样的服务来支付相应的费用,这样有更多的自由。故选A。
(2022高三上·上海开学考)
For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked
A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the
context.
Why
College is Not Home
The college years are
supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy and the development of
adult identity. However, now they are becoming an 36. period
of adolescence, during which many of today's students do not 37. adult
responsibilities.
For previous
generations, college was 38. break from parental control; guidance
and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the
past two decades, continued connections with and dependence on family, thanks
to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some
parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of
college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy, universities
have 39. to the idea that they should provide the
same environment as that of the home.
To prepare for
increased autonomy and responsibility, college need to be a time of 40. and
experimentation. This process involves "trying on" new ways of
thinking about oneself both intellectually and personally. 41. we
should provide "safe spaces" within colleges, we must also make it
safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. 42. growth
and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.
Learning to deal with
the 43. world is equally important. Because a
college community(群体)differs from the
family, many students will struggle to find a sense of 44. .
If students rely on administrations to 45. their social behavior and
thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity,
within a larger and complex community.
46. ,
the tendency for universities to monitor and 47. student
behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response
to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too
strictly defined(规定), the insensitive or
aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize many actually
be 48. . It is not surprising that young people
are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.
Our generation once
joined hands and stood from at times of national emergence. What is lacking
today is the 49. between desire for autonomy and their
understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their home
to be replacement homes and not places to experience growth. But every college
discussion about community values, social climates and behavior should include 50. of the development importance of students
autonomy and self-regulation.
36.A.expanded B.educational C.expected D.extended
37.A.suppose B.acknowledge C.assume D.experience
38.A.hesitant B.decisive C.anxious D.superior
39.A.give up B.give away C.give in D.give out
40.A.instruction B.exploration C.reflections D.preparation
41.A.When B.While C.Since D.If
42.A.Intellectual B.Spiritual C.Logical D.Psychological
43.A.adult B.virtual C.real D.social
44.A.satisfaction B.duty C.belonging D.curiosity
45.A.understand B.train C.protect D.regulate
46.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.Thus D.However
47.A.change B.criticize C.shape D.motivate
48.A.encouraged B.challenged C.agreed D.realized
49.A.difference B.tension C.balance D.conflict
50.A.observation B.recognition C.determination D.judgment
【答案】36.D;37.C;38.B;39.C;40.B;41.B;42.A;43.D;44.C;45.D;46.B;47.C;48.A;49.D;50.B
【知识点】议论文;人生百味类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要谈到了为什么大学不是温暖的家庭,也不会成为大学生温暖的家庭。大学时代本应该是自主性的重要增长和成人身份发展的时刻。然而,现在许多学生却不能承担成人责任。作者分析了形成这种现象的原因并且给出了建议。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题涉及名词、动词、动词短语、连词、副词、形容词等用法,以及词汇在篇章中的运用能力,答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意,然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答,注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
36.句意:然而,现在他们正在成为一个漫长的青春期,在此期间,今天的许多学生不承担成人的责任。A.expanded展开的;B. educational有教育意义的;C. expected预期的;D. extended延伸的。根据前文的“supposed to be”和本句的“However”可知,此处是指大学生上了大学之后依然处于青春期,所以是延伸的(extended)青春期。故选D。
37.句意:然而,现在他们正在成为一个漫长的青春期,在此期间,今天的许多学生不承担成人的责任。A. suppose料想,猜想; B.acknowledge承认,告知;C. assume假定,承担;D.experience经历,遭受。根据下文的“responsibilities”可知,此处涉及固定搭配assume responsibility,表示“承担责任”。故选C。
38.句意:对于前几代人来说,大学是与父母控制决定性的决裂,指导和支持需要来自同龄和内部的人。A. hesitant迟疑的,犹豫的;B. decisive决定性的,果断的;C. anxious焦虑的,不安的;D. superior上级的;高傲的。根据“ college was 3 break from parental control ”可知,大学期间是与父母决定性的(decisive)分离。故选B。
39.句意:大学没有提倡将大学作为从家庭庇护所到自治的通道,而是让步于提供与家庭相同的环境的想法。A. give up放弃,抛弃;B. give away泄露,分发;C. give in屈服,让步;D. give out分发,散发。根据上文“Some parents go so far as to help with coursework.”和下文“ that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. ”可知,学校是做出了让步(give in)。故选C。
40.句意:为了准备增加自主权和责任感,大学需要成为一个探索和实验的时代。A. instruction命令,指令;B. exploration探索,探险;C. reflections映像,倒影;D. preparation准备,预备。根据下文“ and experimentation ”可知,空处与experimentation为并列关系,所以这里是指大学应该是探索(exploration)和实验的时代。故选B。
41.句意:虽然我们应该在大学内提供“安全的空间”,但我们也必须安全地表达意见和挑战大多数人的观点。A. When什么时候;B. While虽然,然而;C. Since自从;D. If如果。根据本句“ 6 we should provide "safe spaces" within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views.”可知,空处表让步,应用连词while,表示“尽管,虽然”。故选B。
42.句意:严格的辩论和质疑促进了智力的成长和灵活性。A. Intellectual智力的,理智的;B. Spiritual精神上的,心灵的;C. Logical逻辑的,合理的;D. Psychological心理的,精神的。根据下文“ by strict debate and questioning ”可知,这里是指辩论和质疑可以促进智力(Intellectual)发展。故选A。
43.句意:学会与社会世界打交道同样重要。A. adult成人的;B. virtual实际上的,事实上的;C. real真实的,实际的;D. social社会的。根据下文“ Because a college community(群体)differs from the family ”可知,这里是表示表示大学生也要有社会(social)生活。故选D。
44.句意:由于大学社区与家庭不同,许多学生将很难找到归属感。A. satisfaction满意,满足;B. duty责任,职务;C. belonging附属品,归属;D. curiosity好奇心。根据上文“ Because a college community(群体)differs from the family ”可知,大学和家里不同,所以学生们没有归属(belonging)感。故选C。
45.句意:如果学生依靠行政部门来规范他们的社会行为和思维模式,他们就不会面临在更大而复杂的社区中寻找身份的挑战。 A. understand理解;B. train训练;C. protect保护;D. regulate规范,控制。根据下文“social behavior”可知,这里应该是指规范(regulate)行为。故选D。
46.句意:此外,大学监控和塑造学生行为的倾向与年轻人的另一个特征背道而驰:被长辈控制的反应。A. Therefore因此;B. Moreover此外,而且;C. Thus因此;D. However然而,不管怎样。根据语境以及上下文可知,本句与上一段是递进关系,所以填moreover。故选B。
47.句意:此外,大学监控和塑造学生行为的倾向与年轻人的另一个特征背道而驰:被长辈控制的反应。A. change改变;B. criticize评论,批评;C. shape塑造,形成;D. motivate刺激,激发。根据上文“ monitor and ”可知,空处于monitor并列,所以应该是指控制和塑造(shape)行为。故选C。
48.句意:如果可接受的社会行为定义过于严格规定,则管理员试图最小化许多不敏感或侵略性的行为实际上会受到鼓励。A. encouraged鼓励;B. challenged挑战;C. agreed同意;D. realized实现。根据本句句意可知,这里是指如果不加以严格的规定,把敏感或侵略性行为最小化是会受到鼓励(encouraged)的。故选A。
49.句意:今天缺乏的是对自治的渴望与他们对一个不安全世界的理解之间的冲突。A. difference差异,不同;B. tension拉力,张力;C. balance平衡,均衡;D. conflict冲突。根据后文提到的“desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world”可知,两者之间是冲突(conflict)关系。故选D。
50.句意:但是,每一次关于社区价值观、社会气候和行为的大学讨论都应该包括认识到学生自主和自我调节的发展重要性。A. observation注意,观察;B. recognition认识,承认;C. determination决心,决定;D. judgment判断,判决。根据后文“the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation”可知,此处指对学生自主和自我调节发展重要性的认识(recognition)。故选B。
(2022·浙江模拟)完形填空
We were told many
things as parents who were expecting a baby. There was only one thing I actually
51. " You are going to learn the most
important things from your 52. ,"
we were told.
There are only a few 53. our boy can say. After "momma"
and "daddy", "more" is probably the word he uses most, and 54. anything from fun to food. By far his most
important and 55. used expression is "wow". He only
says "wow" when something really 56. him.
We recently spent the
night at our friends 'house. They only had one extra room so we 57. our bed and the baby's cot (婴儿床) in the same room. I slept well but 58. up too early and couldn't get
back to sleep. I was 59. my day, a Sunday, and all the jobs that I
needed to do. 60. of them was going to be much fun.
I heard my child made
a 61. He rolled over, opened his eyes and let out a
cheerful "wow". Suddenly. I learnt something.
Despite everything
I've learnt about "good thoughts", "looking on the 62. side" an "taking it a day at a
time", I woke up feeling 63. .
This little boy, with no 64. , was at the place I've been seeking for. To
wake up in the morning, take a look at the world, and say "wow" is
probably as close to 65. as a person could ever get.
I'm sure our child
will 66. wake up, as most of us do only to say "oh
no". I wish I knew what I could do to 67. this happening. I wish he could 68. me the way he sees things now.
If only we could make
ourselves 69. what it takes to open our eyes in the morning,
see that we are alive in a 70. world and say "wow".
51.A.get down to B.give
in to
C.look forward to D.come up with
52.A.children B.teachers C.parents D.friends
53.A.letters B.words C.idioms D.sentences
54.A.means B.points C.delivers D.transforms
55.A.constantly B.frequently C.seldom D.usually
56.A.disturbs B.annoys C.frightens D.impresses
57.A.put off B.brought in C.took away D.setup
58.A.woke B.got C.dressed D.held
59.A.preparing for B.thinking about C.checking on D.bringing out
60.A.One B.Part C.Some D.None
61.A.dream B.wish C.move D.face
62.A.appropriate B.evident C.bright D.ridiculous
63.A.thrilled B.frustrated C.joyful D.curious
64.A.experience B.intelligence C.skill D.experiment
65.A.depression B.determination C.happiness D.entertainment
66.A.eventually B.absolutely C.occasionally D.particularly
67.A.appreciate B.prevent C.imagine D.keep
68.A.pay B.teach C.lead D.introduce
69.A.rebuild B.restart C.recall D.relearn
70.A.fragile B.stressful C.busy D.beautiful
【答案】51.C;52.A;53.B;54.A;55.C;56.D;57.D;58.A;59.B;60.D;61.C;62.C;63.B;64.A;65.C;66.A;67.B;68.B;69.D;70.D
【知识点】议论文;教育文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,作者通过讲述抚养孩子的经历,希望人们在生活中要能看到事物积极光明的一面。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
51.句意:只有一件事我真的很期待“你会从你的孩子那里学到最重要的东西,”我们被告知。A.get down to“开始认真做某事”;B.give in to“向……屈服”;C.look forward to“盼望,期待”;D.come up with“提出”。在我们作为准父母的时候,被告知有很多事情。这其中有一件事情是我非常期待的。故选C。
52.句意:只有一件事我真的很期待“你会从你的孩子那里学到最重要的东西,”我们被告知。A.children“孩子”;B.teachers“老师”;C.parents“父母”;D.friends“朋友”。从全文的故事情节中可以看出,是"你们作为父母即将从孩子身上学到最重要的一些东西"。而不是从老师,父母,朋友那里学习。故选A。
53.句意:我们的孩子只能说几句话。A.letters“信件”;B.words“单词”;C.idioms“习语”;D.sentences“句子”。根据下文的"momma","daddy"和"more"可知"我们的孩子只能说几个单词"。故选B。
54.句意:在“妈妈”和“爸爸”之后,“更多”可能是他最常用的词,意思是从乐趣到食物。A.means“意思是,意味着”;B.points“指着”;C.delivers“递送,发表演讲”;D.transforms“转变”。根据空前more,是她使用最多且意为任何从乐趣到食物的东西。故选A。
55.句意:到目前为止,他最重要且很少使用的表达方式是“哇”。A.constantly“持续不断地”;B.frequently“频繁地”;C.seldom“很少”;D.usually“通常”。根据下文的"only"和"really"可知,"wow"对孩子来说用得并不多,故选C。
56.句意:他只有在真正让他印象深刻的时候才会说“哇”。A.disturbs“打扰”;B.annoys“使恼怒”;C.frightens“使害怕”;D.impresses“使印象深刻”。只有当一些东西真正让他叹为观止的时候他才会用"wow",故选D。
57.句意:他们只有一个额外的房间,所以我们把床和婴儿床放在同一个房间里。A.put off“推迟”;B.brought in“引入”;C.took away“带走”;D.set up“建立”。set up“搭建”这里指把我们的床和婴儿床搭建在同一个房间。故选D。
58.句意:我睡得很好,但醒得太早,睡不着了。A.woke“醒来”;B.got“得到”;C.dressed“穿着”;D.held“举行”。根据空后“couldn't get back to sleep”可知这里我应该是醒得太早了。故选A。
59.句意:我在想我的一天,一个星期天,以及我需要做的所有工作。A.preparing for“准备”;B.thinking about“考虑”;C.checking on“检查”;D.bringing out“生产,出版”。这里指我在思考着一天必须要做的一些工作。故选B。
60.句意:他们没有一个会很有趣。A.One“一个”;B.Part“部分”;C.Some“一些”;D.None“一个也没有”。根据空后“of them was going to be much fun”可知,作者在思考这些必须要做的事情的时并不觉得它们有趣,反而会有"oh no"这样的反应,故选D。
61.句意:我听到我的孩子动了一下。A.dream“梦想”;B.wish“希望”;C.move“移动”;D.face“脸”。这里指我听到孩子开始动了,make a move固定短语,“开始动了”,故选C。
62.句意:尽管我学到了很多关于“好的想法”、“看到光明的一面”和“一天一天”的知识,但醒来时我感到沮丧。A.appropriate“合适的”;B.evident“明显的”;C.bright“明亮的”;D.ridiculous“荒唐的”。根据看见“side ’and ‘taking it a day at a time’"可知,这里指我所学到的所有关于"美好的想法","看好的一面"和"不要急于求成,一天一天过"bright side光明的一面,令人高兴的一面。故选C。
63.句意:尽管我学到了很多关于“好的想法”、“看到光明的一面”和“一天一天”的知识,但醒来时我感到沮丧。A.thrilled“激动的”;B.frustrated“沮丧的”;C.joyful“高兴的”;D.curious“好奇的”。根据介词 deespite可知,此处表示我还是醒来感觉很沮丧。故选B。
64.句意:这个没有经验的小男孩就在我一直在寻找的地方。A.experience“经验”;B.intelligence“智力”;C.skill“技术”;D.experiment“实验”。这里指早上醒来能看到令人快乐的事物。故选A。
65.句意:早上醒来,看看世界,说“哇”可能是一个人所能得到的最接近幸福的东西。A.depression“抑郁”;B.determination“决心”;C.happiness“幸福”;D.entertainment“娱乐”。此处表示说"wow"可能是一个人所能达到的离快乐最近的方式。故选C。
66.句意:我相信我们的孩子最终会醒来,就像我们大多数人只会说“哦,不”。我希望我知道我能做些什么来防止这种情况发生。A.eventually“最后”;B.absolutely“绝对地”;C.occasionally“偶尔”;D.particularly“尤其”。根据语境可知,此处表示孩子会和大人一样说“不”,故选A。
67.句意:我希望我知道我能做些什么来防止这种情况发生。A.appreciate“欣赏”;B.prevent“阻止”;C.imagine“想象”;D.keep“保持”。此处表示作者希望能阻止这样的情况发生。故选B。
68.句意:我希望他现在能教我他看待事物的方式。А.pay“支付”;B.teach“教”;C.lead“引导”;D.introduce“介绍”。这里指醒来之后快乐的事情,故选B。
69.句意:要是我们可以让我们自己重新习得那些事情,那些能让我们在早上睁开眼睛,看到我们生活的美好世界并说wow的事情。A.rebuild“重建”;B.restart“重新开始”;C.recall“回想”;D.relearn“重新学习”。此处表示要是我们可以让我们自己重新习得那些事情,故选D。
70.句意:如果我们能让自己重新学会在早晨睁开眼睛,看到我们生活在一个美丽的世界里,然后说“哇”。A.fragile“易碎的”;B.stressful“有压力的”;C.busy“忙碌的”;D.beautiul“漂亮的”。根据空后“world and say ‘wow’.”可知,看到我们生活的美好世界并说wow的事情。故选D。
(2022高三下·舟山月考)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist
A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 71. of the facts he observes. He doesn't accept
ideas which are not 72. on obvious facts, and therefore 73. to accept authority as the only truth. He
always checks ideas 74. and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 75. as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the
wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He
was probably the first in the Middle Ages to 76. that we should learn science 77. observing and experimenting on the things
around us, and he himself 78. many important truths.
Galileo (1564-1642), 79. ,who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several
great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many
important 80. could be discovered by observation by degrees.
Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies 81. more rapidly towards the earth than small
ones, 82. Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the 83. of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 84. stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is
Galileo's 85. of going direct to nature, and proving our 86. and theories by experiment, that has 87. all the discoveries of modern science.
What 88. those people good scientists From the example
of Galileo, we know clearly that 89. scientists are those whose observations have 90. better results.
71.A.use B.sense C.speed D.trust
72.A.relied B.based C.insisted D.centered
73.A.refuses B.desires C.intends D.regrets
74.A.casually B.carefully C.quickly D.privately
75.A.date B.keep C.look D.come
76.A.command B.suspect C.suggest D.conclude
77.A.in B.with C.on D.by
78.A.brought B.discovered C.handled D.announced
79.A.however B.therefore C.seldom D.never
80.A.truths B.problems C.investigations D.subjects
81.A.threw B.fell C.ran D.rolled
82.A.although B.because C.when D.if
83.A.place B.foot C.top D.ceiling
84.A.big B.small C.similar D.unequal
85.A.spirit B.skill C.theory D.wish
86.A.plans B.opinions C.world D.ability
87.A.led to B.turned to C.set up D.put forward
88.A.makes B.prevents C.considers D.promises
89.A.reasonable B.successful C.expert D.sensitive
90.A.foreseen B.rejected C.produced D.challenged
【答案】71.A;72.B;73.A;74.B;75.A;76.C;77.D;78.B;79.A;80.A;81.B;82.B;83.C;84.D;85.A;86.B;87.A;88.A;89.B;90.C
【知识点】议论文;教育文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,作者通过实例阐述自己的一个观点:一个科学家应该是一个很好的观察者,不能盲目相信他人,应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,介词,连词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
71.句意:他充分利用了他观察到的事实。A.use“使用,用途”;B.sense“意识”;C.speed“速度”;D.trust“信任”。根据上文“A successful scientist is generally a good observer.”可知,他充分利用了他观察到的事实。make full use of固定短语,“充分利用,充分使用”。故选A。
72.句意:他不接受没有事实根据的想法因此拒绝接受权威是唯一的真相。A.relied“依靠”;B.based“以……为基础,基于”;C.insisted“坚持”;D.centered “集中”。根据空后“obvious facts”可知,他不接受没有事实根据的想法,be based on固定短语,“以……为基础,基于……”。故选B。
73.句意:他们不接受没有事实根据的想法因此拒绝接受权威是唯一的真相。A.refuses“拒绝”;B.desires“想要”;C.intends“打算”;D.regrets“后悔”。 根据空前“doesn't accept”和“and therefore”可知,此处指拒绝接受权威是唯一的真相。故选A。
74.句意: 他总是仔细检查想法,并进行实验来证明它们。A.casually“随便地”;B.carefully“仔细地”;C.quickly“迅速地”;D.privately “私下地”。根据空前“He always checks ideas”和空后“and makes experiments to prove them”可知,此处表示仔细地核查想法。故选B。
75.句意:现代科学的兴起或许可以认为可以追溯到罗杰 · 培根时代,他生活在1214年到1292年。A.date“约定,定日期”;B.keep“保留,维持”;C.look“看”;D.come“ 来”。根据空后“the years 1214 and 1292”可知,现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。 date back固定短语,“追溯到”,故选A。
76.句意:他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们应该学习以科学为中心,观察和实验我们周围的事物,他自己也发现了许多重要的真理。A.command“命令”;B.suspect“怀疑”;C.suggest“建议”;D.conclude“推断”。根据空后“we should learn science 7 observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知,这里应是Roger Bacon提出的建议。故选C。
77.句意:他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们应该学习以科学为中心,观察和实验我们周围的事物,他自己也发现了许多重要的真理。A. in“在……中”;B.with“随着”;C. on“在……上”;D.by“通过”。根据空后“observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知,此处表示通过观察我们周围的事物并做实验。故选D。
78.句意:他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们应该学习以科学为中心,观察和实验我们周围的事物,他自己也发现了许多重要的真理。 A.brought“带来”;B.discovered“发现”;C.handled“处理”;D. announced “宣布”。根据空后“many important truths”可知,他本人发现了很多重要的真理。故选B。
79.句意:然而,伽利略(1564—1642),生活在300多年以后,是意大利,法国,德国和英国,几个伟大的人物中最伟大的一个,开始说明,通过观察,可以逐步发现多少重要的真理。A.however“然而”;B.therefore“因此”;C.seldom“很少,几乎不”;D.never “从来不”。根据上文Roger Bacon也许是中世纪第一个建议通过观察和实验的方式来学习科学,此处表示转折,故选A。
80.句意:然而,伽利略(1564—1642),生活在300多年以后,是意大利,法国,德国和英国,几个伟大的人物中最伟大的一个,开始说明,通过观察,可以逐步发现多少重要的真理。 A.truths“事实,真理”;B.problems“问题”;C.investigations“调查”;D.subjects“主题”。根据空后“could be discovered by observation”可知,很多真理可以通过观察而被发现。上文中的many important truths也是提示。故选A。
81.句意:在伽利略之前,有学问的人认为大的物体比小的物体落到地面更快,因为亚里士多德是这样说的。A.threw“扔”;B.fell“落下”;C.ran“跑”;D.rolled“滚动”。 根据下文中的“let fall”可知,此处指落下。故选B。
82.句意:在伽利略之前,有学问的人认为大的物体比小的物体落到地面更快,因为亚里士多德是这样说的。A.although“尽管”;B.because“因为”;C.when“当.....的时候”;D.if“如果”。 根据“Aristotle said so”可知,这里表示因为亚里士多德是这样说的。故选B。
83.句意:但是伽利略登上比萨斜塔顶端,让两块不相等的石头掉下来,证明亚里士多德是错的。A.place“地方”;B.foot“脚”;C.top“顶部”;D.ceiling “天花板”。根据空后“of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 14 stones”可知,伽利略跑到了比萨斜塔的塔顶。故选C。
84.句意:但是伽利略登上比萨斜塔顶端,让两块不相等的石头掉下来,证明亚里士多德是错的。 A.big“大的”;B.small“小的”;C.similar“相似的”;D.unequal “不均等的”。根据空后“proved Aristotle was wrong.”可知,此处表示使用了两块不同重量的石头,故选D。
85.句意:这是伽利略直面自然的精神,用实验来证明我们的观点和理论,导致了现代科学的所有发现。A.spirit“精神”;B.skill“技能”;C.theory“理论”;D.wish “愿望”。根据上文“But Galileo, going to the 13 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 14 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. ”可知,此处表示科学精神。故选A。
86.句意:这是伽利略直面自然的精神,用实验来证明我们的观点和理论,导致了现代科学的所有发现。 A.plans“计划”;B.opinions“观点”;C.world“世界”;D.ability“ 能力”。此空与空后“and theories by experiment”中的theories呼应,此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点和理论。故选B。
87.句意:这是伽利略直面自然的精神,用实验来证明我们的观点和理论,导致了现代科学的所有发现。 A.led to“导致”;B.turned to“转向”;C.set up“建立”;D.put forward“提出”。根据空后“all the discoveries of modern science.”可知,此处表示正是伽利略的这种精神使得现代科学能有所发现。故选A。
88.句意:什么使这些人成为好的科学家?A.makes“使得”;B.prevents“阻止”;C.considers“考虑”;D.promises “许诺”。根据空后“those people good scientists”可知,什么使这些人成为好的科学家?故选A。
89.句意:以伽利略为例,可以清楚地知道,成功的科学家是那些善于观察、敢于实践和挑战权威的人。A.reasonable“合理的”;B.successful“成功的”;C.expert“熟练的”;D.sensitive “敏感的”。根据空后“whose observations have 20 better results.”可知,成功的科学家是那些善于观察、敢于实践和挑战权威的人。故选B。
90.句意:以伽利略为例,可以清楚地知道,成功的科学家是那些善于观察、敢于实践和挑战权威的人。 A.foreseen“预见”;B.rejected“拒绝”;C.produced“生产”;D.challenged“挑战”。根据空后“better results.”可知,此处指那些科学家们的观察产生了更好的结果。故选C。
备考2023年高考英语二轮专题:完形填空(议论文)
一、完形填空
(2023高三下·镇江开学考)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In
all one's lifetime it is oneself that one spends the most time being with or
dealing with. But it is 1. oneself that one has the least
understanding of. When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate
yourself. It seems that everything you seek for is within your 2. .
When you are going downhill you tend to underestimate yourself.
To
get a thorough understanding of oneself is to gain a correct view of oneself
and be a realist-aware of both one's 3. and weaknesses. You may 4. hopefully
to the future but be sure not to 5. too
much, for ideals can never be fully realized. You may be 6. to
meet challenges but it should be clear to you 7. to
direct your efforts. That's to say, so long as you have a perfect 8. of
yourself, there won't be difficulties you can't overcome.
To
get a thorough understanding of oneself needs self-appreciation. Whether you
think you are a towering tree or a blade of grass, a high mountain or a small
stone, you represent a state of nature that has its own reason of 9. . If you earnestly admire yourself you'll
have a real sense of self-appreciation, which will give you confidence. 10. you gain full confidence in yourself, you'll
be enabled to fight and overcome any difficulty.
To
get a thorough understanding of oneself also requires doing oneself a favor
when it's needed. In time of anger, do yourself a favor by giving an outlet to
it in a quiet place so that you won't be hurt by its flames; in time of
sadness, do yourself a favor by 11. it
with your friends so as to change a gloomy mood into a cheerful one; in time of
tiredness, do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep or taking some
stimulant. Show yourself loving concern about your health and daily life. 12. you
know perfectly well when and how to do yourself a favor, you won't be confident
and ready enough to 13. the attack of illness. As you are aware, what
a person physically has is but a human body that's vulnerable when 14. to the elements. So if you fall ill, it's
up to you to take a good care of yourself.
In
a word, to get a thorough understanding of oneself is to get a full 15. of
one's life. Then one will find one's life full of color and flavor.
1.A.permanently B.previously C.precisely D.perfectly
2.A.reach B.budget C.development D.brain
3.A.shortages B.disadvantages C.strengths D.limitations
4.A.look up B.look back C.look forward D.look down
5.A.expect B.analyze C.inspect D.dream
6.A.honest B.comprehensive C.courageous D.delicate
7.A.what B.which C.how D.where
8.A.image B.knowledge C.system D.memory
9.A.attack B.criticism C.popularity D.existence
10.A.As much as B.As soon as C.As far as D.As well as
11.A.quarreling B.arguing C.sharing D.blaming
12.A.Unless B.Once C.Since D.If
13.A.recall B.restore C.restart D.resist
14.A.exchanged B.exposed C.experienced D.exported
15.A.mark B.control C.account D.recovery
(2022高三上·西安月考)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的
A、B、C和 D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
Early in my career, I was always struck by the fact that
"expensive" hotels charged
extra for things like internet access
and movies. At the same time, more 16. hotels included everything. Although
these less expensive
hotels did not have 17. lobbies (大堂), they did offer the things
that a young and tired 18. would want: a clean room and a quiet environment.
For the high prices you pay at nice hotels, everything should be 19. . They should give refunds for the things you
don't 20. instead
of cheating their customers.
I once read an article about a judge
who was invited
to a very expensive restaurant in
Washington. The restaurant's food and service were both 21. . But there was something that ruined the 22. : the judge was charged $1 for the ice in his $7 mixed drink. The fact that he was charged the extra
dollar separately – instead of just being charged $8 – made him so 23. that instead
of talking about how wonderful
everything was at the 24. , he only talked about the $1. Needless
to say, he 25. went
back to that restaurant.
I see the 26. thing is starting to happen in the airline
industry. For example, American
Airlines is charging $3.50 for snacks and $7 for meals. 27. , sodas and water are still free.
The airline should just charge a 28. fare and give you a refund for what you don't want or use. This will put more power in the hands
of the 29. – the airline might be surprised to find that people are 30. to pay for extra services. Just imagine what could happen if you just trust your customers to make
their own 31.
So remember, don't 32. your customers. 33. , charge what you think your service or product is worth and take it from there. This way, you can remove 34. services in exchange for lower prices. It becomes a win-win for you and your customers
by sharing purchasing decisions and therefore
giving your customers more 35. .
16.A.expensive B.affordable C.comfortable D.international
17.A.tidy B.fancy C.quiet D.formal
18.A.worker B.judge C.traveler D.student
19.A.charged B.accepted C.included D.improved
20.A.use B.allow C.eat D.ruin
21.A.cheap B.ordinary C.disappointing D.excellent
22.A.activity B.adventure C.experiment D.experience
23.A.angry B.ashamed C.satisfied D.sad
24.A.hotel B.party C.bar D.restaurant
25.A.often B.never C.hardly D.still
26.A.same B.different C.funny D.strange
27.A.Certainly B.Possibly C.Incredibly D.Naturally
28.A.higher B.lower C.standard D.discounted
29.A.employer B.customer C.company D.manager
30.A.able B.afraid C.proud D.willing
31.A.plans B.requests C.choices D.changes
32.A.embarrass B.cheat C.discourage D.disturb
33.A.Therefore B.Again C.Otherwise D.Instead
34.A.spare B.bad C.unnecessary D.important
35.A.freedom B.support C.warmth D.service
(2022高三上·上海开学考)
For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked
A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the
context.
Why
College is Not Home
The college years are
supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy and the development of
adult identity. However, now they are becoming an 36. period
of adolescence, during which many of today's students do not 37. adult
responsibilities.
For previous
generations, college was 38. break from parental control; guidance
and support needed to come from people of the same age and from within. In the
past two decades, continued connections with and dependence on family, thanks
to cell phones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some
parents go so far as to help with coursework. Instead of promoting the idea of
college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy, universities
have 39. to the idea that they should provide the
same environment as that of the home.
To prepare for
increased autonomy and responsibility, college need to be a time of 40. and
experimentation. This process involves "trying on" new ways of
thinking about oneself both intellectually and personally. 41. we
should provide "safe spaces" within colleges, we must also make it
safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. 42. growth
and flexibility are fostered by strict debate and questioning.
Learning to deal with
the 43. world is equally important. Because a
college community(群体)differs from the
family, many students will struggle to find a sense of 44. .
If students rely on administrations to 45. their social behavior and
thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity,
within a larger and complex community.
46. ,
the tendency for universities to monitor and 47. student
behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response
to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too
strictly defined(规定), the insensitive or
aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize many actually
be 48. . It is not surprising that young people
are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so.
Our generation once
joined hands and stood from at times of national emergence. What is lacking
today is the 49. between desire for autonomy and their
understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their home
to be replacement homes and not places to experience growth. But every college
discussion about community values, social climates and behavior should include 50. of the development importance of students
autonomy and self-regulation.
36.A.expanded B.educational C.expected D.extended
37.A.suppose B.acknowledge C.assume D.experience
38.A.hesitant B.decisive C.anxious D.superior
39.A.give up B.give away C.give in D.give out
40.A.instruction B.exploration C.reflections D.preparation
41.A.When B.While C.Since D.If
42.A.Intellectual B.Spiritual C.Logical D.Psychological
43.A.adult B.virtual C.real D.social
44.A.satisfaction B.duty C.belonging D.curiosity
45.A.understand B.train C.protect D.regulate
46.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.Thus D.However
47.A.change B.criticize C.shape D.motivate
48.A.encouraged B.challenged C.agreed D.realized
49.A.difference B.tension C.balance D.conflict
50.A.observation B.recognition C.determination D.judgment
(2022·浙江模拟)完形填空
We were told many
things as parents who were expecting a baby. There was only one thing I actually
51. " You are going to learn the most
important things from your 52. ,"
we were told.
There are only a few 53. our boy can say. After "momma"
and "daddy", "more" is probably the word he uses most, and 54. anything from fun to food. By far his most
important and 55. used expression is "wow". He only
says "wow" when something really 56. him.
We recently spent the
night at our friends 'house. They only had one extra room so we 57. our bed and the baby's cot (婴儿床) in the same room. I slept well but 58. up too early and couldn't get
back to sleep. I was 59. my day, a Sunday, and all the jobs that I
needed to do. 60. of them was going to be much fun.
I heard my child made
a 61. He rolled over, opened his eyes and let out a
cheerful "wow". Suddenly. I learnt something.
Despite everything
I've learnt about "good thoughts", "looking on the 62. side" an "taking it a day at a
time", I woke up feeling 63. .
This little boy, with no 64. , was at the place I've been seeking for. To
wake up in the morning, take a look at the world, and say "wow" is
probably as close to 65. as a person could ever get.
I'm sure our child
will 66. wake up, as most of us do only to say "oh
no". I wish I knew what I could do to 67. this happening. I wish he could 68. me the way he sees things now.
If only we could make
ourselves 69. what it takes to open our eyes in the morning,
see that we are alive in a 70. world and say "wow".
51.A.get down to B.give
in to
C.look forward to D.come up with
52.A.children B.teachers C.parents D.friends
53.A.letters B.words C.idioms D.sentences
54.A.means B.points C.delivers D.transforms
55.A.constantly B.frequently C.seldom D.usually
56.A.disturbs B.annoys C.frightens D.impresses
57.A.put off B.brought in C.took away D.setup
58.A.woke B.got C.dressed D.held
59.A.preparing for B.thinking about C.checking on D.bringing out
60.A.One B.Part C.Some D.None
61.A.dream B.wish C.move D.face
62.A.appropriate B.evident C.bright D.ridiculous
63.A.thrilled B.frustrated C.joyful D.curious
64.A.experience B.intelligence C.skill D.experiment
65.A.depression B.determination C.happiness D.entertainment
66.A.eventually B.absolutely C.occasionally D.particularly
67.A.appreciate B.prevent C.imagine D.keep
68.A.pay B.teach C.lead D.introduce
69.A.rebuild B.restart C.recall D.relearn
70.A.fragile B.stressful C.busy D.beautiful
(2022高三下·舟山月考)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist
A successful scientist is generally a good observer. He makes full 71. of the facts he observes. He doesn't accept
ideas which are not 72. on obvious facts, and therefore 73. to accept authority as the only truth. He
always checks ideas 74. and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 75. as far back as the time of Roger Bacon, the
wonderful philosopher of Oxford, who lived between the years 1214 and 1292. He
was probably the first in the Middle Ages to 76. that we should learn science 77. observing and experimenting on the things
around us, and he himself 78. many important truths.
Galileo (1564-1642), 79. ,who lived more than 300 years later, was the greatest of several
great men in Italy, France, Germany, and England, who began to show how many
important 80. could be discovered by observation by degrees.
Before Galileo, learned men believed that large bodies 81. more rapidly towards the earth than small
ones, 82. Aristotle said so. But Galileo, going to the 83. of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 84. stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. It is
Galileo's 85. of going direct to nature, and proving our 86. and theories by experiment, that has 87. all the discoveries of modern science.
What 88. those people good scientists From the example
of Galileo, we know clearly that 89. scientists are those whose observations have 90. better results.
71.A.use B.sense C.speed D.trust
72.A.relied B.based C.insisted D.centered
73.A.refuses B.desires C.intends D.regrets
74.A.casually B.carefully C.quickly D.privately
75.A.date B.keep C.look D.come
76.A.command B.suspect C.suggest D.conclude
77.A.in B.with C.on D.by
78.A.brought B.discovered C.handled D.announced
79.A.however B.therefore C.seldom D.never
80.A.truths B.problems C.investigations D.subjects
81.A.threw B.fell C.ran D.rolled
82.A.although B.because C.when D.if
83.A.place B.foot C.top D.ceiling
84.A.big B.small C.similar D.unequal
85.A.spirit B.skill C.theory D.wish
86.A.plans B.opinions C.world D.ability
87.A.led to B.turned to C.set up D.put forward
88.A.makes B.prevents C.considers D.promises
89.A.reasonable B.successful C.expert D.sensitive
90.A.foreseen B.rejected C.produced D.challenged
答案解析部分
【答案】1.C;2.A;3.C;4.C;5.A;6.C;7.D;8.B;9.D;10.B;11.C;12.A;13.D;14.B;15.B
【知识点】议论文;教育文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,告诉我们,不要妄自菲薄,也不用高估自己,要学会真正了解自己,自我肯定,学会排解情绪,掌控生活。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及副词,动词,名词,形容词,状语从句,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
1.句意:但人最不了解的恰恰是自己。A. permanently“永久地”;B. previously“先前地”;C. precisely“恰好,精确地”;D. perfectly“完美地”。根据空前“But”和空后“one has the least understanding of”一个人最不了解,可知,此处是指人最不理解恰恰是自己。故选C。
2.句意:似乎你想要的一切都触手可及。A. reach“能及的范围”;B. budget“预算”;C. development“发展”;D. brain“大脑”。within reach固定短语,“伸手可及”,故选A。
3.句意:彻悟自己,就是要正确认识自己,做一个现实主义者,既认清自己的长处,也清楚自己的短处。A. shortages“短缺”;B. disadvantages“劣势”;C. strengths“优势,长处”;D. limitations“局限”。根据空后“weaknesses”可知,此处用strengths表示“优势、长处”与下文呼应,故选C。
4.句意:你可以憧憬未来,但不要期望太高,因为理想永远不能完全实现。A. look up“尊敬,查阅”;B. look back“回头看”;C. look forward“期望”;D. look down“向下看”。根据语境可知,此处指对未来的憧憬。故选C。
5.句意:你可以憧憬未来,但不要期望太高,因为理想永远不能完全实现。A. expect“期待”;B. analyze“分析”;C. inspect“审查”;D. dream“梦想”。根据空前“but”可知,上下文是转折关系,所以此处指不要期望太多。故选A。
6.句意:你可以勇敢地迎接挑战,但你应该清楚自己努力的方向。A. honest“诚实的”;B. comprehensive“综合性的”;C. courageous“勇敢的”;D. delicate“柔和的”。根据空后“to meet challenges”迎接挑战,可知,此处用固定搭配be courageous to do sth表示“勇敢地做某事”符合语境。故选C。
7.句意:你可以勇敢地迎接挑战,但你应该清楚自己努力的方向。A. what“什么”;B. which“哪一个”;C. how“如何”;D. where“哪儿”。根据空后“to direct”可知,此处用where指努力的方向。故选D。
8.句意:也就是说,只要你对自己有充分的认识,就没有克服不了的困难。A. image“形象”;B. knowledge“认识,知识”;C. system“体系”;D. memory“记忆”。根据空后“there won't be difficulties you can't overcome.”没有你克服不了的困难。可知,此处是指对自己有充分的认识,故选B。
9.句意:无论你认为自己是一棵参天大树还是一棵小草,是一座高山还是一块小石头,你都代表着一种自然状态,都有自己存在的理由。A. attack“袭击”;B. criticism“批评”;C. popularity“流行”;D. existence“存在”。根据空前的reason of可知,此处指存在的理由。故选D。
10.句意:如果你认真地欣赏自己,你就会有一种真正的自我欣赏,它会给你信心。只要你对自己充满信心,你就能战胜任何困难。A. As much as“多达”;B. As soon as“一……就......”;C. As far as“至于”;D. As well as“也,和”。根据空后“you'll be enabled to fight and overcome any difficulty.”你将能够对抗和克服任何困难,可知,此处指你一达到充满信心这一条件,就能客服任何困难。故选B。
11.句意:在忧伤的时候,要善待自己,找朋友倾诉一下,让沮丧的心情振作起来。A. quarreling“吵架”;B. arguing“争辩”;C. sharing“分享”;D. blaming“责备”。根据空后“so as to change a gloomy mood into a cheerful one”这样就可以把阴沉的心情变成愉快的心情)”可知,此处指通过和朋友倾诉即分享可以转变心情,故选C。
12.句意:除非你非常清楚何时以及如何帮助自己,否则你不会有足够的信心和准备来抵抗疾病的攻击。A. Unless“除非”;B. Once“曾经”;C. Since“自从,因为”;D. If“如果”。根据空后“ you know perfectly well when and how to do yourself a favor,”你非常清楚何时以及如何帮助自己,可知,此处是表必要条件,所以用 Unless表示“除非”符合语境。故选A。
13.句意:句意:除非你非常清楚何时以及如何帮助自己,否则你不会有足够的信心和准备来抵抗疾病的攻击。A.recall“回想起”;B. restore“恢复”;C. restart“重新启动”;D. resist“抵抗”。根据空后“the attack of illness(疾病的攻击)”可知,此处指抵抗疾病的攻击。故选D。
14.句意:正如你所知道的,一个人的身体所拥有的只是一个暴露在自然环境中的脆弱的人体。A. exchanged“交换”;B. exposed“暴露”;C. experienced“经历”;D. exported“出口”。根据空后“to the elements”可知,此处指暴露在自然环境中。故选B。
15.句意:总之,彻底了解自己,才能掌握自己的人生。A. mark“标记”;B. control“掌握,控制”;C. account“账户”;D. recovery“恢复”根据空后的life可知,此处指掌握自己的人生,故选B。
【答案】16.B;17.B;18.C;19.C;20.A;21.D;22.D;23.A;24.D;25.B;26.A;27.C;28.A;29.B;30.D;31.C;32.B;33.D;34.C;35.A
【知识点】议论文;社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,作者认为一些服务行业不应该收取额外的费用欺骗客户,而应该给顾客选择的自由来支付相应的费用。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇社会现象类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
16.句意:与此同时,更多实惠的酒店包括一切费用。A:expensive“昂贵的”;B:affordable“负担得起的,出得起钱的”;C:comfortable“舒适的”;D:international “国际的”。根据下文“these less expensive hotels”可知这种酒店不那么昂贵的,可负担得起的。 故选B。
17.句意:虽然这些更便宜的酒店没有豪华的大堂,他们确实为一个年轻而又疲惫的旅行者提供了所想要的一切:一个干净的房间和一个安静的环境。A:tidy“整齐的”;B:fancy“精致的,昂贵的”;C:quiet“安静的”D:formal“正式的”。根据背景知识,经济型酒店注重实用性,没有装修奢华的大堂。故选B。
18.句意:虽然这些更便宜的酒店没有豪华的大堂,他们确实为一个年轻而又疲惫的旅行者提供了所想要的东西:一个干净的房间和一个安静的环境。A:worker“工人”;B:judge“法官”;C:traveler“旅行者”;D:student“学生”。根据语境可知此处是旅客住酒店。故选C。
19.句意:对于你在好的酒店支付的高价格,一切都应该包括在内。A:charged“收费”;B:accepted“接受”;C:included“包括”;D:improved “改进”。根据上文“ ‘expensive’ hotels charged extra for things like internet access and movies.”“昂贵的”酒店对互联网接入和电影等东西收取额外费用,作者认为应该将一切费用都包括在内,而不是额外收费。故选C。
20.句意:他们应该为你不使用的东西退款,而不是欺骗他们的客户。A:use“使用”;B:allow“允许”;C:eat“吃”;D:ruin “毁掉”。按照常理,不使用的东西才能退款。故选A。
21.句意:这家餐馆的食物和服务都很好。A:cheap“便宜的”;B:ordinary“普通的”;C:disappointing“令人失望的”;D:excellent “优秀的”。根据下文“talking about how wonderful everything was”可知,这个餐馆的饮食和服务本来都很好。故选D。
22.句意:但是有一件事破坏了这次体验:法官在他7美元的混合饮料里加冰被收费1美元。A:activity“活动”;B:adventure“冒险”;C:experiment“实验”;D:experience“体验”。额外收费破坏了法官在这个餐馆的就餐体验,让他不愉快。故选D。
23.句意:事实上,他被单独收取额外的美元,而不是仅仅收取8美元,这让他非常生气,以至于在文章中他没有谈论在这个餐馆的一切是多么好,他只谈论了收取的1美元。A:angry“愤怒的”;B:ashamed“羞愧的”;C:satisfied“满意的”;D:sad “悲伤的”。额外收费让他生气。故选A。
24.句意:事实上,他被单独收取额外的1美元,而不是仅仅收取8美元,这让他非常生气,以至于在文章中他没有谈论在这个餐馆的一切是多么好,他只谈论了收取的1美元。A:hotel“旅馆”;B:party“聚会”;C:bar“酒吧”;D:restaurant “餐厅”。这里提到的是这位法官在餐馆里发生的一件事。故选D。
25.句意:不用说,他在也没回过那家餐馆。A:often“经常”;B:never“从不”;C:hardly“几乎不”;D:still“仍然”。法官在那家餐馆的就餐体验不愉快,就不会再去。故选B。
26.句意:我看到在航空业也开始发生同样的事情。A:same“相同的”;B:different“不同的”;C:funny“有趣的”;D:strange “奇怪的”。根据下文“American Airlines is charging $3.50 for snacks and $7 for meals.”,是举例说明在美国航空公司同样也发生了额外收取费用的情况。故选A。
27.句意: 难以置信,碳酸饮料和水仍然是免费的。A:Certainly“肯定地”;B:Possibly“可能地”;C:Incredibly“难以置信的”;D:Naturally“自然而然地”。根据上文可知, 美国航空公司零食和餐费分开收费, 而碳酸饮料和水是免费的,这是让人难以相信的。故选C。
28.句意:航空公司应该收取更高的票价,然后为你不想要或不使用的东西退款。A:higher“较高的”;B:lower“较低的”;C:standard“标准的”;D:discounted “打折扣的”。作者是建议航空公司先收费,然后再根据具体情况进行退款。这样,收取的费用当然会更高。故选A。
29.句意: 这将使更多的权力掌握在顾客手中——航空公司可能会惊讶地发现,人们愿意支付额外的服务。A:employer“雇主”;B:customer“顾客”;C:company“公司”;D:manager “经理”。根据上文“give you a refund for what you don't want or use.”顾客可以选择使用或者不使用,选择权掌握在顾客手中。故选B。
30.句意: 这将使更多的权力掌握在顾客手中——航空公司可能会惊讶地发现,人们愿意支付额外的服务。A:able“能够的”;B:afraid“害怕的”;C:proud“骄傲的”;D:willing “愿意的”。因为不想要的东西或者未使用的东西可以退款,所以顾客愿意先支付额外的费用。故选D。
31.句意:想象一下,如果你相信你的客户做出自己的选择,会发生什么?A:plans“计划”;B:requests“请求”;C:choices“选择”;D:changes “改变”。根据上文,顾客可以选择使用或者不使用什么,可以自己选择。故选C。
32.句意: 因此记住,不要欺骗你的顾客。 A:embarrass“使尴尬,使难为情”;B:cheat“欺骗”;C:discourage“劝阻”;D:disturb “打扰”。根据上文“They should give refunds (退款) for the things you don't 5 instead of cheating their customers.”,作者认为不应该欺骗顾客。
故选B。
33.句意:相反,你应该根据你认为自己的服务或产品的价值来收费,并从中获利。A:Therefore“因此”;B:Again“又,再”;C:Otherwise“否则”;D:Instead “相反”。根据上文作者提出建议“不要欺骗顾客”,这里是建议“根据提供的服务和产品价值来收费”,两个句子之间语义上是转折关系。故选D。
34.句意:通过这种方式,您可以删除不必要的服务,以换取更低的价格。A:spare“多余的”;B:bad“不好的”;C:unnecessary“不必要的”;D:important“重要的”。根据空后“lower prices”可知,只有减少不必要的服务,才能降低费用。故选C。
35.句意:这对你和你的客户来说是双赢的,通过分享购买决策,从而给你的客户更多的自由。A:freedom“自由”;B:support“支持”;C:warmth“温暖”;D:service “服务”。顾客可以自己决定需要什么样的服务来支付相应的费用,这样有更多的自由。故选A。
【答案】36.D;37.C;38.B;39.C;40.B;41.B;42.A;43.D;44.C;45.D;46.B;47.C;48.A;49.D;50.B
【知识点】议论文;人生百味类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要谈到了为什么大学不是温暖的家庭,也不会成为大学生温暖的家庭。大学时代本应该是自主性的重要增长和成人身份发展的时刻。然而,现在许多学生却不能承担成人责任。作者分析了形成这种现象的原因并且给出了建议。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题涉及名词、动词、动词短语、连词、副词、形容词等用法,以及词汇在篇章中的运用能力,答题时首先要跳过空格通读文章掌握其大意,然后细读文章字斟句酌逐一作答,注意考虑句型、语法、搭配、语境等因素。最后通读一遍检查验证。
36.句意:然而,现在他们正在成为一个漫长的青春期,在此期间,今天的许多学生不承担成人的责任。A.expanded展开的;B. educational有教育意义的;C. expected预期的;D. extended延伸的。根据前文的“supposed to be”和本句的“However”可知,此处是指大学生上了大学之后依然处于青春期,所以是延伸的(extended)青春期。故选D。
37.句意:然而,现在他们正在成为一个漫长的青春期,在此期间,今天的许多学生不承担成人的责任。A. suppose料想,猜想; B.acknowledge承认,告知;C. assume假定,承担;D.experience经历,遭受。根据下文的“responsibilities”可知,此处涉及固定搭配assume responsibility,表示“承担责任”。故选C。
38.句意:对于前几代人来说,大学是与父母控制决定性的决裂,指导和支持需要来自同龄和内部的人。A. hesitant迟疑的,犹豫的;B. decisive决定性的,果断的;C. anxious焦虑的,不安的;D. superior上级的;高傲的。根据“ college was 3 break from parental control ”可知,大学期间是与父母决定性的(decisive)分离。故选B。
39.句意:大学没有提倡将大学作为从家庭庇护所到自治的通道,而是让步于提供与家庭相同的环境的想法。A. give up放弃,抛弃;B. give away泄露,分发;C. give in屈服,让步;D. give out分发,散发。根据上文“Some parents go so far as to help with coursework.”和下文“ that they should provide the same environment as that of the home. ”可知,学校是做出了让步(give in)。故选C。
40.句意:为了准备增加自主权和责任感,大学需要成为一个探索和实验的时代。A. instruction命令,指令;B. exploration探索,探险;C. reflections映像,倒影;D. preparation准备,预备。根据下文“ and experimentation ”可知,空处与experimentation为并列关系,所以这里是指大学应该是探索(exploration)和实验的时代。故选B。
41.句意:虽然我们应该在大学内提供“安全的空间”,但我们也必须安全地表达意见和挑战大多数人的观点。A. When什么时候;B. While虽然,然而;C. Since自从;D. If如果。根据本句“ 6 we should provide "safe spaces" within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views.”可知,空处表让步,应用连词while,表示“尽管,虽然”。故选B。
42.句意:严格的辩论和质疑促进了智力的成长和灵活性。A. Intellectual智力的,理智的;B. Spiritual精神上的,心灵的;C. Logical逻辑的,合理的;D. Psychological心理的,精神的。根据下文“ by strict debate and questioning ”可知,这里是指辩论和质疑可以促进智力(Intellectual)发展。故选A。
43.句意:学会与社会世界打交道同样重要。A. adult成人的;B. virtual实际上的,事实上的;C. real真实的,实际的;D. social社会的。根据下文“ Because a college community(群体)differs from the family ”可知,这里是表示表示大学生也要有社会(social)生活。故选D。
44.句意:由于大学社区与家庭不同,许多学生将很难找到归属感。A. satisfaction满意,满足;B. duty责任,职务;C. belonging附属品,归属;D. curiosity好奇心。根据上文“ Because a college community(群体)differs from the family ”可知,大学和家里不同,所以学生们没有归属(belonging)感。故选C。
45.句意:如果学生依靠行政部门来规范他们的社会行为和思维模式,他们就不会面临在更大而复杂的社区中寻找身份的挑战。 A. understand理解;B. train训练;C. protect保护;D. regulate规范,控制。根据下文“social behavior”可知,这里应该是指规范(regulate)行为。故选D。
46.句意:此外,大学监控和塑造学生行为的倾向与年轻人的另一个特征背道而驰:被长辈控制的反应。A. Therefore因此;B. Moreover此外,而且;C. Thus因此;D. However然而,不管怎样。根据语境以及上下文可知,本句与上一段是递进关系,所以填moreover。故选B。
47.句意:此外,大学监控和塑造学生行为的倾向与年轻人的另一个特征背道而驰:被长辈控制的反应。A. change改变;B. criticize评论,批评;C. shape塑造,形成;D. motivate刺激,激发。根据上文“ monitor and ”可知,空处于monitor并列,所以应该是指控制和塑造(shape)行为。故选C。
48.句意:如果可接受的社会行为定义过于严格规定,则管理员试图最小化许多不敏感或侵略性的行为实际上会受到鼓励。A. encouraged鼓励;B. challenged挑战;C. agreed同意;D. realized实现。根据本句句意可知,这里是指如果不加以严格的规定,把敏感或侵略性行为最小化是会受到鼓励(encouraged)的。故选A。
49.句意:今天缺乏的是对自治的渴望与他们对一个不安全世界的理解之间的冲突。A. difference差异,不同;B. tension拉力,张力;C. balance平衡,均衡;D. conflict冲突。根据后文提到的“desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world”可知,两者之间是冲突(conflict)关系。故选D。
50.句意:但是,每一次关于社区价值观、社会气候和行为的大学讨论都应该包括认识到学生自主和自我调节的发展重要性。A. observation注意,观察;B. recognition认识,承认;C. determination决心,决定;D. judgment判断,判决。根据后文“the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation”可知,此处指对学生自主和自我调节发展重要性的认识(recognition)。故选B。
【答案】51.C;52.A;53.B;54.A;55.C;56.D;57.D;58.A;59.B;60.D;61.C;62.C;63.B;64.A;65.C;66.A;67.B;68.B;69.D;70.D
【知识点】议论文;教育文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,作者通过讲述抚养孩子的经历,希望人们在生活中要能看到事物积极光明的一面。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
51.句意:只有一件事我真的很期待“你会从你的孩子那里学到最重要的东西,”我们被告知。A.get down to“开始认真做某事”;B.give in to“向……屈服”;C.look forward to“盼望,期待”;D.come up with“提出”。在我们作为准父母的时候,被告知有很多事情。这其中有一件事情是我非常期待的。故选C。
52.句意:只有一件事我真的很期待“你会从你的孩子那里学到最重要的东西,”我们被告知。A.children“孩子”;B.teachers“老师”;C.parents“父母”;D.friends“朋友”。从全文的故事情节中可以看出,是"你们作为父母即将从孩子身上学到最重要的一些东西"。而不是从老师,父母,朋友那里学习。故选A。
53.句意:我们的孩子只能说几句话。A.letters“信件”;B.words“单词”;C.idioms“习语”;D.sentences“句子”。根据下文的"momma","daddy"和"more"可知"我们的孩子只能说几个单词"。故选B。
54.句意:在“妈妈”和“爸爸”之后,“更多”可能是他最常用的词,意思是从乐趣到食物。A.means“意思是,意味着”;B.points“指着”;C.delivers“递送,发表演讲”;D.transforms“转变”。根据空前more,是她使用最多且意为任何从乐趣到食物的东西。故选A。
55.句意:到目前为止,他最重要且很少使用的表达方式是“哇”。A.constantly“持续不断地”;B.frequently“频繁地”;C.seldom“很少”;D.usually“通常”。根据下文的"only"和"really"可知,"wow"对孩子来说用得并不多,故选C。
56.句意:他只有在真正让他印象深刻的时候才会说“哇”。A.disturbs“打扰”;B.annoys“使恼怒”;C.frightens“使害怕”;D.impresses“使印象深刻”。只有当一些东西真正让他叹为观止的时候他才会用"wow",故选D。
57.句意:他们只有一个额外的房间,所以我们把床和婴儿床放在同一个房间里。A.put off“推迟”;B.brought in“引入”;C.took away“带走”;D.set up“建立”。set up“搭建”这里指把我们的床和婴儿床搭建在同一个房间。故选D。
58.句意:我睡得很好,但醒得太早,睡不着了。A.woke“醒来”;B.got“得到”;C.dressed“穿着”;D.held“举行”。根据空后“couldn't get back to sleep”可知这里我应该是醒得太早了。故选A。
59.句意:我在想我的一天,一个星期天,以及我需要做的所有工作。A.preparing for“准备”;B.thinking about“考虑”;C.checking on“检查”;D.bringing out“生产,出版”。这里指我在思考着一天必须要做的一些工作。故选B。
60.句意:他们没有一个会很有趣。A.One“一个”;B.Part“部分”;C.Some“一些”;D.None“一个也没有”。根据空后“of them was going to be much fun”可知,作者在思考这些必须要做的事情的时并不觉得它们有趣,反而会有"oh no"这样的反应,故选D。
61.句意:我听到我的孩子动了一下。A.dream“梦想”;B.wish“希望”;C.move“移动”;D.face“脸”。这里指我听到孩子开始动了,make a move固定短语,“开始动了”,故选C。
62.句意:尽管我学到了很多关于“好的想法”、“看到光明的一面”和“一天一天”的知识,但醒来时我感到沮丧。A.appropriate“合适的”;B.evident“明显的”;C.bright“明亮的”;D.ridiculous“荒唐的”。根据看见“side ’and ‘taking it a day at a time’"可知,这里指我所学到的所有关于"美好的想法","看好的一面"和"不要急于求成,一天一天过"bright side光明的一面,令人高兴的一面。故选C。
63.句意:尽管我学到了很多关于“好的想法”、“看到光明的一面”和“一天一天”的知识,但醒来时我感到沮丧。A.thrilled“激动的”;B.frustrated“沮丧的”;C.joyful“高兴的”;D.curious“好奇的”。根据介词 deespite可知,此处表示我还是醒来感觉很沮丧。故选B。
64.句意:这个没有经验的小男孩就在我一直在寻找的地方。A.experience“经验”;B.intelligence“智力”;C.skill“技术”;D.experiment“实验”。这里指早上醒来能看到令人快乐的事物。故选A。
65.句意:早上醒来,看看世界,说“哇”可能是一个人所能得到的最接近幸福的东西。A.depression“抑郁”;B.determination“决心”;C.happiness“幸福”;D.entertainment“娱乐”。此处表示说"wow"可能是一个人所能达到的离快乐最近的方式。故选C。
66.句意:我相信我们的孩子最终会醒来,就像我们大多数人只会说“哦,不”。我希望我知道我能做些什么来防止这种情况发生。A.eventually“最后”;B.absolutely“绝对地”;C.occasionally“偶尔”;D.particularly“尤其”。根据语境可知,此处表示孩子会和大人一样说“不”,故选A。
67.句意:我希望我知道我能做些什么来防止这种情况发生。A.appreciate“欣赏”;B.prevent“阻止”;C.imagine“想象”;D.keep“保持”。此处表示作者希望能阻止这样的情况发生。故选B。
68.句意:我希望他现在能教我他看待事物的方式。А.pay“支付”;B.teach“教”;C.lead“引导”;D.introduce“介绍”。这里指醒来之后快乐的事情,故选B。
69.句意:要是我们可以让我们自己重新习得那些事情,那些能让我们在早上睁开眼睛,看到我们生活的美好世界并说wow的事情。A.rebuild“重建”;B.restart“重新开始”;C.recall“回想”;D.relearn“重新学习”。此处表示要是我们可以让我们自己重新习得那些事情,故选D。
70.句意:如果我们能让自己重新学会在早晨睁开眼睛,看到我们生活在一个美丽的世界里,然后说“哇”。A.fragile“易碎的”;B.stressful“有压力的”;C.busy“忙碌的”;D.beautiul“漂亮的”。根据空后“world and say ‘wow’.”可知,看到我们生活的美好世界并说wow的事情。故选D。
【答案】71.A;72.B;73.A;74.B;75.A;76.C;77.D;78.B;79.A;80.A;81.B;82.B;83.C;84.D;85.A;86.B;87.A;88.A;89.B;90.C
【知识点】议论文;教育文化类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,作者通过实例阐述自己的一个观点:一个科学家应该是一个很好的观察者,不能盲目相信他人,应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。
【点评】考查完形填空,本题考点涉及动词,名词,形容词,副词,介词,连词,固定短语等多个知识点的考查,是一篇教育类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析推理,从而选出正确答案。
71.句意:他充分利用了他观察到的事实。A.use“使用,用途”;B.sense“意识”;C.speed“速度”;D.trust“信任”。根据上文“A successful scientist is generally a good observer.”可知,他充分利用了他观察到的事实。make full use of固定短语,“充分利用,充分使用”。故选A。
72.句意:他不接受没有事实根据的想法因此拒绝接受权威是唯一的真相。A.relied“依靠”;B.based“以……为基础,基于”;C.insisted“坚持”;D.centered “集中”。根据空后“obvious facts”可知,他不接受没有事实根据的想法,be based on固定短语,“以……为基础,基于……”。故选B。
73.句意:他们不接受没有事实根据的想法因此拒绝接受权威是唯一的真相。A.refuses“拒绝”;B.desires“想要”;C.intends“打算”;D.regrets“后悔”。 根据空前“doesn't accept”和“and therefore”可知,此处指拒绝接受权威是唯一的真相。故选A。
74.句意: 他总是仔细检查想法,并进行实验来证明它们。A.casually“随便地”;B.carefully“仔细地”;C.quickly“迅速地”;D.privately “私下地”。根据空前“He always checks ideas”和空后“and makes experiments to prove them”可知,此处表示仔细地核查想法。故选B。
75.句意:现代科学的兴起或许可以认为可以追溯到罗杰 · 培根时代,他生活在1214年到1292年。A.date“约定,定日期”;B.keep“保留,维持”;C.look“看”;D.come“ 来”。根据空后“the years 1214 and 1292”可知,现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。 date back固定短语,“追溯到”,故选A。
76.句意:他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们应该学习以科学为中心,观察和实验我们周围的事物,他自己也发现了许多重要的真理。A.command“命令”;B.suspect“怀疑”;C.suggest“建议”;D.conclude“推断”。根据空后“we should learn science 7 observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知,这里应是Roger Bacon提出的建议。故选C。
77.句意:他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们应该学习以科学为中心,观察和实验我们周围的事物,他自己也发现了许多重要的真理。A. in“在……中”;B.with“随着”;C. on“在……上”;D.by“通过”。根据空后“observing and experimenting on the things around us”可知,此处表示通过观察我们周围的事物并做实验。故选D。
78.句意:他可能是中世纪第一个提出我们应该学习以科学为中心,观察和实验我们周围的事物,他自己也发现了许多重要的真理。 A.brought“带来”;B.discovered“发现”;C.handled“处理”;D. announced “宣布”。根据空后“many important truths”可知,他本人发现了很多重要的真理。故选B。
79.句意:然而,伽利略(1564—1642),生活在300多年以后,是意大利,法国,德国和英国,几个伟大的人物中最伟大的一个,开始说明,通过观察,可以逐步发现多少重要的真理。A.however“然而”;B.therefore“因此”;C.seldom“很少,几乎不”;D.never “从来不”。根据上文Roger Bacon也许是中世纪第一个建议通过观察和实验的方式来学习科学,此处表示转折,故选A。
80.句意:然而,伽利略(1564—1642),生活在300多年以后,是意大利,法国,德国和英国,几个伟大的人物中最伟大的一个,开始说明,通过观察,可以逐步发现多少重要的真理。 A.truths“事实,真理”;B.problems“问题”;C.investigations“调查”;D.subjects“主题”。根据空后“could be discovered by observation”可知,很多真理可以通过观察而被发现。上文中的many important truths也是提示。故选A。
81.句意:在伽利略之前,有学问的人认为大的物体比小的物体落到地面更快,因为亚里士多德是这样说的。A.threw“扔”;B.fell“落下”;C.ran“跑”;D.rolled“滚动”。 根据下文中的“let fall”可知,此处指落下。故选B。
82.句意:在伽利略之前,有学问的人认为大的物体比小的物体落到地面更快,因为亚里士多德是这样说的。A.although“尽管”;B.because“因为”;C.when“当.....的时候”;D.if“如果”。 根据“Aristotle said so”可知,这里表示因为亚里士多德是这样说的。故选B。
83.句意:但是伽利略登上比萨斜塔顶端,让两块不相等的石头掉下来,证明亚里士多德是错的。A.place“地方”;B.foot“脚”;C.top“顶部”;D.ceiling “天花板”。根据空后“of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 14 stones”可知,伽利略跑到了比萨斜塔的塔顶。故选C。
84.句意:但是伽利略登上比萨斜塔顶端,让两块不相等的石头掉下来,证明亚里士多德是错的。 A.big“大的”;B.small“小的”;C.similar“相似的”;D.unequal “不均等的”。根据空后“proved Aristotle was wrong.”可知,此处表示使用了两块不同重量的石头,故选D。
85.句意:这是伽利略直面自然的精神,用实验来证明我们的观点和理论,导致了现代科学的所有发现。A.spirit“精神”;B.skill“技能”;C.theory“理论”;D.wish “愿望”。根据上文“But Galileo, going to the 13 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa, let fall two 14 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong. ”可知,此处表示科学精神。故选A。
86.句意:这是伽利略直面自然的精神,用实验来证明我们的观点和理论,导致了现代科学的所有发现。 A.plans“计划”;B.opinions“观点”;C.world“世界”;D.ability“ 能力”。此空与空后“and theories by experiment”中的theories呼应,此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点和理论。故选B。
87.句意:这是伽利略直面自然的精神,用实验来证明我们的观点和理论,导致了现代科学的所有发现。 A.led to“导致”;B.turned to“转向”;C.set up“建立”;D.put forward“提出”。根据空后“all the discoveries of modern science.”可知,此处表示正是伽利略的这种精神使得现代科学能有所发现。故选A。
88.句意:什么使这些人成为好的科学家?A.makes“使得”;B.prevents“阻止”;C.considers“考虑”;D.promises “许诺”。根据空后“those people good scientists”可知,什么使这些人成为好的科学家?故选A。
89.句意:以伽利略为例,可以清楚地知道,成功的科学家是那些善于观察、敢于实践和挑战权威的人。A.reasonable“合理的”;B.successful“成功的”;C.expert“熟练的”;D.sensitive “敏感的”。根据空后“whose observations have 20 better results.”可知,成功的科学家是那些善于观察、敢于实践和挑战权威的人。故选B。
90.句意:以伽利略为例,可以清楚地知道,成功的科学家是那些善于观察、敢于实践和挑战权威的人。 A.foreseen“预见”;B.rejected“拒绝”;C.produced“生产”;D.challenged“挑战”。根据空后“better results.”可知,此处指那些科学家们的观察产生了更好的结果。故选C。