上海市部分区
2023-2024学年高三上学期期末考试(一模)英语试题分类汇编
完形填空
2024届上海市虹口区高三上学期一模英语试卷
Section B
Directions: Fill in eat blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
What Comes After Space
Looking at a clear night sky you witness the vastness of space, which holds everything humans know to exist. To find out what 31 beyond a good place to start is to determine where the universe ends However, the problem is that scientist are uncertain about where space ends or whether it ends at all.
The 32 universe
The furthest humans can see out into space, using all the technology currently available to us, is 46 billion light years (alight year is the distance that light can travel in one year, and is equivalent to about 9. 5 million million kilometres). The 33 of space that humans can see is called the visible universe. Beyond this, it remains a mystery whether it' s an expanse of more galaxies and stars or possibly the edge of the universe. Some think that the universe is 34 , meaning space goes on forever in every direction. In this case, there is nothing after space, because space is everything.
Moving further away
Experts have captured images of the entire Earth from space, and some astronauts have personally witnessed its beauty from orbit. Perhaps 35 the limits of the universe would also be possible too, if only humans knew where to go to look for it.
Another challenge is the universe' s rapid 36 . As galaxies move further away their light takes longer to reach us. Eventually, some galaxies may be so distant that their light never 37 . This might imply that any edge— and whatever is on the other side — is increasingly 38 itself from us. Regardless of these uncertainties, scientists still spend a lot of time thinking about
what comes after space.
Many universes
It' s possible that there isn’t just one universe, and that our universe is just one small part of a "multiverse". Perhaps our universe is 39 within its own distinct region of space, separated from others by vast expanses of nothingness. Or maybe 40 universes exist, pressed tightly against each other. Getting an idea of the universe' s true shape may help astronomers find out whether it has an edge. What comes after that could be an even great mystery.
2024届上海市崇明区高三上学期一模英语试卷
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. advantage B. anticipating C. digitally D. facilitating E. geometry F. giant G. initiated H. painstakingly I. potentially J. reopened K. sought
How Digital Modeling Plays a Key Role in Restoring the Notre Dame Cathedral (巴黎圣母院)
It’s been more than four years since a fire damaged Notre Dame, the Catholic cathedral in Paris that’s historically drawn millions of visitors every year.
Since then, people from around the world have united to support an effort, 31 by French President, that’s intended to have the building back open to the public by the end of next year. Teams working to restore the Gothic cathedral have 32 to rebuild much of the damaged sections using materials like oak wood (橡木) and stone that have stood the test of centuries.
But the builders, architects and engineers do have the 33 of some 21st century technologies, including modern building information modeling (BIM) software that enables them to work with a(n) 34 detailed 3D digital model of the cathedral and surrounding site, backed by powerful cloud computing technology.
“It allows you to really understand a lot of how a building fits together, how it’s constructed,” says Andrew Anagnost, CEO of design software 35 Autodesk. It has contributed technical consulting, software and financial assistance to the project since shortly after the fire. A digital model, which took more than a year to create, includes more than 12,000 objects.
It was a complex process. Onsite workers captured the point-by-point 3D 36 of the cathedral with laser (激光) and photo equipment. Then, others turned the data points from that process into detailed shapes and objects, down to individual building stones. That let experts see how the building shifted in the fire — important for 37 any stability issues — and plan out the process of reconstruction.
“It’s like Mission: Impossible when they plan,” says Nicolas Mangon, VP of architecture, engineering and construction industry strategy at Autodesk. “Every little piece is done 38 , and with the 3D model you can simulate (模拟) everything.”
Even when the cathedral is 39 , the model may still serve important roles. Mangon says the company is currently in discussions about using it to manage aspects of the complex going forward, 40 using sensors that could show the exact location of any future fires.
2024届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试题
Section B
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. housed B. overcome C. mounting D. distress E. marveling F. instrument G. chain H. facilitate I. pilot J. confused K. striking
Unlocking The Vatican MuseumsGianni Crea has, almost every morning for the past decade, unlocked the doors to the Vatican Museums. He has seen the splendor of the Sistine Chapel and admired the textures of ancient Egypt. “Yes, I’m a key keeper. But the doors I open are the ones to the history of art, and it’s here that exists the biggest and most beautiful history in the world,” says Crea.
The Vatican Museums have 31 collections since the 15th century, including tens of thousands of artworks and artifacts spanning prehistory to modern times. The most 32 one of them, according to Crea, is Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel. He recalls being 33 with emotion the first time he accompanied the former head key keeper to open the chapel more than 20 years ago. Since then, he’s witnessed people of all faiths 34 at the chapel’s loveliness, something the church believes is increasingly vital during these unsettled times.
“In the difficult current context the world is experiencing, in which sadness and 35 seem to have the upper hand, art is more necessary than ever, because beauty is always a source of joy,” Pope Francis said last year.
There is also 36 scientific evidence to support this view. A 2019 WHO analysis revealed that artistic and cultural activities 37 physical and psychological health. In fall 2022, physicians at Brussels’ hospitals partnered with the city to launch a six-month 38 study examining the benefits of “museum prescriptions as supplemental treatment for stress, burnout, and anxiety”. It’s the first investigation of its kind in Europe and is expected to have 39 effects across the continent. And in the wake of the pandemic (疫情), which forced the Vatican Museums to close three times between 2020 and 2021, there’s a growing movement for wider and easier access to the arts for people’s well-being. “The Vatican Museums must open their doors to people from all over the world, as a(n) 40 of dialogue between cultures and religions,” Pope Francis wrote in his 2015 publication.
“Everyone can find something beautiful and moving here,” says Crea, who always welcomes travelers from around the world to accompany him during his morning routine on select dates. “The Vatican Museums will give you an understanding of art and history regardless of your faith.”
2024届上海市奉贤区高三上学期一模英语试题
Section B
Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. unanticipated B. moments C. evolved D. basically
E. explored F. clearly G. navigate H. rituals
I. integral J. access K. inspiring
Boat of Power
Dragon boat racing began in China more than 2,000 years ago as part of a cultural community event to memorize the ancient poet, Qu Yuan. The traditional holiday was a time to perform 31 for good fortune and well-being, and to drive off evil spirits. Over time, dragon boat racing 32 into a global sport.
The Toronto-based Dragons Abreast team stands out at this sport for a few reasons. For one, the79-member team includes people ranging in age from 30 to 93. Prior to joining Dragons Abreast, some members hadn't been part of a sports team since childhood and wouldn't have described themselves as particularly athletic ones. And what has brought these women together is something 33 ---living with breast cancer.
The breast cancer survivors on this team are in the same boat in every way. For many, being part of a community that knows 34 how life changes after breast cancer is as beneficial as the physical gains. The team offers a supportive space to 35 all the complexities of survivorship.
“I was so surprised at how 36 the racing was for me,” says Liz Johnston Hill, the race coordinator for Dragons Abreast. “It's almost overwhelming how people encourage, no matter what.”
Being out on the water and connecting to the environment is an important aspect of dragon boating for many of the team members. They talk about how it provides 37 of peace and encourages mindfulness, something we could all use more of in our lives. Outside of dragon boat, the members are a(n) 38 part of each other's life. “We've all been through 39 the same thing in our various ways,” says the race coordinator Liz Johnston Hill. While the number of breast cancer survivor teams grows, barriers to the sport remain such as cost, time, 40 to water and practice facilities and the lack of cultural and language diversity. But there are ongoing efforts to introduce more people living with breast cancer to dragon boat.
2024届上海市黄埔区高三上学期一模英语试题
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. airflows B. block C. challenges D. cool E. critically F. disproportionately
G. principles H. reduces I. sensitive J. site-specific K. stretches
Skywell
A skywell, or “tian jin”, as it is commonly called, is a typical feature of a traditional home in southern and eastern China. Skywells were designed to reduce temperature in buildings well before air-conditioning existed. When wind blows above a skywell house, it can enter the indoor space through the opening. Because outdoor air is often cooler than indoor air, the incoming wind travels down the walls to the lower stories and creates __31__ by replacing warmer indoor air, which rises and leaves through the opening.
The main purpose of a skywell is to allow in light, improve ventilation(通风) and harvest rainwater. In Huizhou, a skywell is small but tall, and the rooms around it __32__ out sunlight on hot days, enabling the bottom of the skywell to stay cool. Meanwhile, hot air inside the house can rise and escape through the opening above the skywell.
Architects are now looking towards the __33__ behind skywells while designing new buildings to save energy. One example is the National Heavy Vehicle Engineering Technology Research Centre in the eastern Chinese city of Jinan. The 18-storey glass-walled tower block has a giant inner skywell in the middle, which __34__ from the fifth to the top floor. The elevators, toilets and meeting rooms are all situated around this channel, which helps improve the lighting and ventilation and __35__ the overall energy consumption.
Ancient “green wisdom” such as skywells continue to inspire today’s climate adaptive design and innovations in methods that depend ondesign and technology to __36__ a building without the use of power.
However, there are some __37__ for bringing skywells into modern designs. The mechanisms of courtyards facilitating natural lighting, ventilation and rain collection are well known, but applying these methods needs to be __38__. Because traditional skywells had different shapes, sizes and features, which were __39__ dependent on their natural surroundings, adding skywells into modern buildings requires designers to be __40__ to their project’s context and situation, making it difficult to apply them as a universal solution.
答案:
2024届上海市虹口区高三上学期一模英语试卷
11.G 12.B 13.K 14.C 15.I 16.F 17.A 18.E 19.D 20.H
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。看着晴朗的夜空,你会看到浩瀚的太空,它容纳了人类所知道的一切。太空之后是什么?作者分享了几个有关太空的谜团。
11.考查动词。句意:找到一个好的起点之外的东西就是确定宇宙的终点。分析句子可知,空格处是what引导的宾语从句的谓语动词;根据句中is to determine where the universe ends 可知,此处应用一般现在时态。主语是单数,故谓语动词应用单数第三人称形式。根据句意,此处指“好的起点之外还有什么”,故选lies。故选G。
12.考查形容词。句意:可观测的宇宙。此处是一个名词短语,空格处应填入形容词作定语。根据句意,此处指“可观测的宇宙”,故选observable。故选B。
13.考查名词。句意:人类所能看到的空间体积被称为可见宇宙。分析句子可知,空格处应填入名词作主语。根据句意,此处指“体积”,故选volume。故选K。
14.考查形容词。句意:有些人认为宇宙是无边际的,这意味着空间永远朝着各个方向发展。分析句子可知,空格处应填入形容词作表语。根据句意及句中“meaning space goes on forever in every direction”可知,此处指“无边际的”,故选 boundless。故选C。
15.考查动名词。句意:如果人类知道去哪里寻找宇宙,也许感知宇宙的极限也是可能的。分析句子可知,空格处应填入动名词作主语。根据句意及句中“if only humans knew where to go to look for it”可知,此处指“感知”,故选perceiving 。故选I。
16.考查名词。句意:另一个挑战是宇宙的快速扩张。分析句子可知,空格处应填入名词作表语。根据句意,此处指“扩张”,故选 expansion。故选F。
17.考查动词。句意:最终,一些星系可能离我们太远,以至于它们的光永远不会到达。分析句子可知,空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上下文可知,此处应用一般现在时态,且主语 their light 是单数,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。根据句意,此处指“到达”,故选arrives 。故选A。
18.考查时态。句意:这可能意味着,任何边缘——以及另一边的边缘——都在与我们越来越疏远。根据空前is increasingly可知,空处应填入现在分词,构成现在进行时。根据句意,此处指“与……疏远”,故选distancing。故选E。
19.考查时态语态。句意:也许我们的宇宙包含在它自己独特的空间区域内,与其他宇宙被浩瀚的虚无所分隔。根据空前is可知,空处应填入过去分词构成一般现在时的被动语态。根据句意,此处指“包含”,故选contained。故选D。
20.考查形容词。句意:或者也许平行的宇宙紧紧地压在一起。分析句子可知,空格处应填入形容词作定语。根据句意,此处指“平行的”,故选 parallel。故选H。
2024届上海市崇明区高三上学期一模英语试卷
31.G 32.K 33.A 34.H 35.F 36.E 37.B 38.C 39.J 40.I
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字建模如何在修复巴黎圣母院中发挥关键作用。
31.考查动词。句意:从那以后,世界各地的人们联合起来支持一项由法国总统发起的努力,该努力的目的是在明年年底之前让这座建筑重新向公众开放。根据“by French President”以及句意“发起”可知应填过去分词initiated,作定语修饰effort。故选G。
32.考查动词。句意:修复这座哥特式大教堂的团队试图用橡木和石头等经受了几个世纪考验的材料重建大部分受损部分。根据“to rebuild much of the damaged sections using materials like oak wood”以及句意“试图”可知应填动词的过去分词形式sought,与空前的have构成现在完成时。故选K。
33.考查名词。句意:但建筑商、建筑师和工程师确实拥有一些21世纪技术的优势,包括现代建筑信息模型(BIM)软件,该软件使他们能够在强大的云计算技术的支持下,对大教堂及其周边地区进行精心制作的3D数字模型。根据“including modern building information modeling (BIM) software”以及句意“优势”可知应填名词advantage,作宾语。故选A。
34.考查副词。句意:但建筑商、建筑师和工程师确实拥有一些21世纪技术的优势,包括现代建筑信息模型(BIM)软件,该软件使他们能够在强大的云计算技术的支持下,对大教堂及其周边地区进行精心制作的3D数字模型。根据“detailed 3D digital model of the cathedral”以及句意“精心制作的”可知应填副词painstakingly,修饰detailed。故选H。
35.考查形容词。句意:设计软件巨头欧特克(Autodesk)的首席执行官Andrew Anagnost表示:“它让你真正了解一栋建筑是如何组合在一起的,以及它是如何建造的。”根据“CEO of design software”以及句意“巨头”可知应填形容词giant,故选F。
36.考查名词。句意:现场工作人员用激光和摄影设备逐点拍摄了大教堂的3D几何形状。根据“of the cathedral with laser and photo equipment”以及句意“几何”可知应填名词geometry,作宾语。故选E。
37.考查动词。句意:这让专家们看到了这座建筑在火灾中是如何移动的——这对预测任何稳定性问题都很重要——并规划出重建过程。根据“any stability issues — and plan out the process of reconstruction”以及句意“预测”可知应填anticipate,作介词的宾语,应用动名词形式。故选B。
38.考查副词。句意:“每一个小部件都是数字化的,有了3D模型,你可以模拟一切。”根据“with the 3D model”以及句意“数字化”可知应填副词digitally,修饰动词done。故选C。
39.考查动词。句意:即使大教堂重新开放,该模型仍可能发挥重要作用。根据“Even when the cathedral is”以及句意“重新开放”可知应填动词的过去分词形式,与空前的is构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选J。
40.考查副词。句意:曼贡说,该公司目前正在讨论用它来管理未来综合体的各个方面,可能会使用传感器来显示未来任何火灾的确切位置。根据“Mangon says the company is currently in discussions about using it to manage aspects of the complex going forward”以及句意“可能”可知应填副词potentially,修饰动词use。故选I。
2024届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试题
31.A 32.K 33.B 34.E 35.D 36.C 37.H 38.I 39.G 40.F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要为梵蒂冈博物馆揭秘,在过去的十年里,吉安尼·克雷几乎每天早上都打开梵蒂冈博物馆的大门。他见识过西斯廷教堂的辉煌,欣赏过古埃及的肌理。自15世纪以来,梵蒂冈博物馆一直收藏着成千上万件史前到现代的艺术品和手工艺品。
31.考查动词。句意:自15世纪以来,梵蒂冈博物馆一直收藏着成千上万件史前到现代的艺术品和手工艺品。根据“collections since the 15th century, including tens of thousands of artworks and artifacts spanning prehistory to modern times”以及句意“收藏”可知应填动词house,根据上文have可知为现在完成时。故选A。
32.考查形容词。句意:据Crea说,其中最引人注目的是米开朗基罗的西斯廷教堂。根据“Michelangelo’s Sistine Chapel”以及句意“引人注目的”可知应填形容词striking,故选K。
33.考查动词。句意:他回忆起20多年前,他第一次陪同前首席钥匙管理员为教堂揭幕时的激动心情。根据“with emotion the first time he accompanied the former head key keeper to open the chapel more than 20 years ago”以及句意可知应填overcome,结合上文being可知为being done形式。故选B。
34.考查动词。句意:从那以后,他见证了各种信仰的人们惊叹于教堂的美丽,教会认为在这个动荡的时代,这一点越来越重要。根据“at the chapel’s loveliness”以及句意“惊叹”可知应填marveling,为现在分词作宾补。故选E。
35.考查名词。句意:教宗方济各去年说:“在当前世界正在经历的困难背景下,悲伤和痛苦似乎占了上风,艺术比以往任何时候都更有必要,因为美总是快乐的源泉。”根据“sadness and”以及句意“痛苦”可知应填名词distress,作主语,故选D。
36.考查形容词。句意:也有越来越多的科学证据支持这一观点。根据“scientific evidence to support this view”以及句意“增长的”可知应填形容词mounting,故选C。
37.考查动词。句意:世卫组织2019年的一项分析显示,艺术和文化活动有助于身心健康。根据“physical and psychological health”以及句意“有助于”可知应填动词facilitate,为一般现在时,主语为复数名词,谓语用原形。故选H。
38.考查名词。句意:2022年秋天,布鲁塞尔医院的医生与该市合作,开展了一项为期六个月的试点研究,研究“博物馆处方作为压力、倦怠和焦虑的补充治疗”的好处。根据“physicians at Brussels’ hospitals partnered with the city to launch a six-month”以及句意“试点研究”可知短语为pilot study,故选I。
39.考查名词。句意:这是欧洲首例此类调查,预计将在整个欧洲大陆产生连锁效应。根据“across the continent”以及句意“连锁效应”可知短语为chain effect,故选G。
40.考查名词。句意:教皇方济各在2015年的出版物中写道:“梵蒂冈博物馆必须向来自世界各地的人们敞开大门,作为文化和宗教之间对话的工具。”根据“of dialogue between cultures and religions”以及句意“工具”可知应填名词instrument,作宾语,故选F。
2024届上海市奉贤区高三上学期一模英语试题
【答案】 31.H 32.C 33.A 34.F 35.G 36.K 37.B 38.I 39.D 49.J
【导读】文章大意:龙舟比赛始于中国2000多年前,作为纪念古代诗人屈原的文化社区活动的一部分。随着时间的推移,龙舟比赛演变成了一项全球性的运动。多伦多的“龙之胸”团队在这项运动中脱颖而出,吸引了一群患有乳腺癌的幸存者。参加团队对她们来说不仅仅是身体上的收获,更重要的是能够获得一个支持性的社区空间,共同面对生活的复杂性。参加龙舟比赛让这些幸存者感到振奋和启发,同时也提供了平静和正念的时刻。除了龙舟比赛,团队成员在彼此的生活中扮演着重要角色。
【解析】
H. rituals(仪式)- 根据句子结构和语境,这里指的是表演仪式,用来求好运和驱逐邪灵的文化活动。
C. evolved(演变)- 根据前文提到的龙舟比赛起源于中国,并且随着时间的推移成为全球性的运动。
A. unanticipated(意料之外)- 根据句子结构和语境,这里指的是患有乳腺癌的幸存者们被疾病联系在一起,这种联系是意料之外的。
F. clearly(明显地)- 根据前文提到的参加团队对幸存者来说非常重要的原因之一是能够与那些经历过乳腺癌后生活发生变化的人分享彼此的经历。
G. navigate(应对)- 根据前文提到的参加团队给幸存者提供了一个支持性的社区空间,可以帮助她们应对幸存者身份的复杂性。
K. inspiring(鼓舞人心)- 根据句子结构和语境,这里指的是龙舟比赛对参与者来说是一种令人振奋的体验。
B. moments(时刻)- 根据前文提到的龙舟比赛让团队成员感受到大自然和环境的联系,并提供一些平静和正念的时刻。
I. integral(重要的)- 根据句子结构和语境,这里指的是团队成员在彼此的生活中扮演着重要的角色。
D. basically(基本上)- 根据句子结构和语境,这里指的是团队成员都经历过各自的方式面对乳腺癌。
J. access(接触)- 根据句子结构和语境,这里指的是参加龙舟比赛还存在一些障碍,如费用、时间、水域和训练设施的接触以及缺乏文化和语言多样性。
2024届上海市黄埔区高三上学期一模英语试题
【答案】31-35 ABGKH 36-40 DCJEI
【解析】
【导读】本文介绍了中国南方和东部地区传统住宅的一个特点——天井。天井通过自然通风降温的方式,使室内保持凉爽,并且可以收集雨水。现代建筑师也在借鉴这种天井的设计理念,来节能减排。不过,由于传统天井形状、大小和特征的差异,将其应用于现代建筑需要考虑到项目的上下文和情况。
A. airflows(空气流动):根据句子中“outdoor air is often cooler than indoor air, the incoming wind travels down the walls to the lower stories and creates”可知,天井的主要作用之一是通过通风让室内保持凉爽,并且室内空气的流动是通过风的流动实现的,因此空气流动是正确的答案。
B. shade(遮阳):根据句子中“the rooms around it block sunlight on hot days, enabling the bottom of the skywell to stay cool”可知,天井周围的房间会挡住阳光,因此这些房间需要高高的建造,从而让天井的底部保持凉爽,符合“shade”的含义。
G. principles(设计理念):根据句子中“Architects are now looking towards the design concepts behind skywells while designing new buildings to save energy”可知,建筑师们在设计新建筑时,借鉴了传统天井的设计理念,因此“design concepts”是正确答案。
K. stretches(延伸):根据句子中“The 18-storey glass-walled tower block has a giant inner skywell in the middle, which extends from the fifth to the top floor”可知,这个塔楼内的天井从第五层一直延伸到顶层,因此“extends”是正确答案。
H. reduces(减少):根据句子中“The elevators, toilets and meeting rooms are all situated around this channel, which helps improve the lighting and ventilation and decreases the overall energy consumption”可知,塔楼内的天井可以提高采光和通风,并且降低能源消耗,因此“decreases”是正确答案。
D. cool(降温):根据句子中“Ancient ‘green wisdom’ such as skywells continue to inspire today’s climate adaptive design and innovations in methods that depend on design and technology to cool a building without the use of power”可知,天井等自然通风降温的方法可以节省能源,因此“cool”是正确答案。
C. challenges(挑战):根据句子中“However, there are some obstacles for bringing skywells into modern designs”可知,将传统天井引入现代建筑也存在一些挑战,因此“challenges”是正确答案。
J. site-specific(位置特定情况):根据句子中“Because traditional skywells had different shapes, sizes and features...adding skywells into modern buildings requires designers to be context-specific to their project’s context and situation”可知,将传统天井引入现代建筑需要考虑到项目的特定情况,因此“site-specific”是正确答案。
E. critically(严格):根据句子中“Because traditional skywells had different shapes, sizes and features, which were location-dependent on their natural surroundings”可知,传统天井的形状、大小和特征取决于周围的自然环境,因此需要严格考虑,符合“critically”的含义。
I. sensitive(敏感):根据句子中“adding skywells into modern buildings requires designers to be attentive to their project’s context and situation”可知,将传统天井引入现代建筑需要设计师对项目的上下文和情况敏感,因此“sensitive”是正确答案。
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