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2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编
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河南省开封市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分, 满分30分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
The Steinhardt School’s program in vocal (声音的) performance offers music-based training for a career in music theatre performance. Our curriculum is designed for the serious young musicians who are seeking a program that fully combines the study of voice with the study of acting.
The course content
In addition to voice, acting and dance as well as courses in music theatre history, our program’s music theatre specialization training takes place through an intensive series of music theatre workshops.
The performance opportunities
Besides the work in classrooms and studios, the program offers performance opportunities in fully-staged productions under the guidance of professional directors, conductors, musical directors, and designers. Our guest artists are drawn from New York’s community of professional artists who count Broadway, regional theatre and national tours among their credit. Undergraduate and graduate students also benefit from the extraordinary opportunities available through the diverse offerings of a major university in the cultural capital of the world, New York City.
The graduation
Students specializing in music theatre make their public appearance in their final term as they are presented to New York’s agents, casting directors, directors and producers in their graduation showcase designed to evaluate the work of each student and help them make their first professional contacts in the industry.
The contact details
Telephone: 217-998-5156, 217-998-5157
Undergraduate Inquiries: Professor Dianna Heldman
Graduate Inquiries: Dr. Ana Flavia Zuim
1. Who is the program intended for
A. University teachers.
B. Famous singers.
C Musical students.
D. Professional directors.
2. What should the students do to graduate from the program
A. Put on a show.
B. Evaluate their work.
C. Meet a producer.
D. Change their appearance.
3. In which part of a newspaper can you read the text
A. Fashion.
B. Education.
C. Economy.
D. Technology.
B
Darcie Hayward will have her five-year-old Alaskan Malamute, Sora, put paws on the pavement every day of the next month to raise funds for Guide Dogs Australia’s PAWGUST campaign.
The initiative, which encourages Australians to walk their dogs for 30 minutes a day for 30 days, is a cause close to the 29-year-old’s heart. Her younger blind brother Lachie, 27, was recently matched with a guide dog of his own, black Labrador Eddie in May after 18 months of tests and compatibility(相容)training.
“Since Eddie arrived, Lachie has been able to walk around without his cane(手杖), feeling like he is just walking his dog, ” said Darcie, who lives in Langwarrin, Victoria. “They are best friends. ” Seeing the difference a guide dog made to her brother, Darcie was overjoyed to be raising funds, so other Australians could one day have their own companion dogs, like Lachie.
“Many people see a guide dog and go, not realizing how much it takes to raise a guide dog puppy so I want to raise some awareness, ” said Darcie. “It’s amazing to see how Lachie’s life has improved, but there are many people without that companionship. It’s really nice to be able to contribute in any way I can. I shared the experience on our local community web page, mentioning we are raising money for guide dogs. Surprisingly, a couple of strangers donated. ”
It seems that Eddie has already been a popular pup with the locals. “There are so many kids who have been asking to pat Eddie that Lachie has to reject them, ” Darcie added with a smile. Excited to be making a positive impact by walking her own dog, Darcie is eager to encourage more people to fetch their leashes(牵狗用的皮带) and tie up their trainers to take action.
4. What is the campaign
A. A charitable event.
B. A training course.
C. A walking test.
D. A community action.
5. What effect did Eddie have on Lachie
A. Slight.
B. Positive.
C. Potential.
D. Undesirable.
6. Why did Darcie share the experience
A. To save more guide dogs.
B. To spread Lachie’s story.
C. To help more blind people.
D. To interact with the neighbors.
7. What does Darcie want people to do
A. Do more walking.
B. Raise their own dogs.
C. Donate some leashes.
D. Get involved in the campaign.
C
All those Christmas toys and books may spread more than good cheer. A new study has concluded that two common bacteria that cause colds, ear infections and sore throat can live for long periods on the surfaces of toys, books, and other items, even after being cleaned.
The findings just published in the journal Infection and Immunity show some bacteria continue to exist on surfaces for far longer than that has been believed.
The researchers said the study suggests that additional preventive measures may be necessary to prevent infections, especially in settings such as schools, daycare centers, and hospitals. “These findings should make us more cautious about bacteria in the environment since they change our ideas about how these particular bacteria are spread, ” said Anders Hakansson, assistant professor of microbiology andI immunology in UB. “Never before has any paper directly proved that these bacteria can survive well on various surfaces, including hands, and potentially spread between individuals. ”
S. pneumoniae(肺炎链球菌)is widespread in daycare centers and a common cause of hospital infections. Hakansson explained to us that it commonly causes sore throat and skin infections in children and adults.
To reach their conclusions, the UB researchers tested the surfaces of toys in a daycare center. They found four out of five toys tested positive for S. pneumoniae and several sur- faces, such as baby beds, tested positive for S. pyogenes(化脓性链球菌), even after being cleaned. The testing was done just before the center opening in the morning so it had been many hours since the last human contact.
“Bacterial colonization(细菌增殖)doesn’t, by itself, cause infection but it’s a necessary first step if an infection is going to become established in a human host, ” Hakansson explains, “Children, the elderly and others with weak immune systems are easily infected. ”
8. What does the study find
A. Schools need more preventive measures.
B. Bacteria seriously affect children’s health.
C. Child-related toys can spread many diseases.
D. Two bacteria can live on items for a long time.
9. Which of the following can best describe the findings
A. Interesting. B. Shocking.
C. Pioneering. D. Frightening.
10. Why are the tests mentioned in paragraph 5
A. To give some relevant examples.
B. To show the reasons for the study.
C. To list some experimental methods.
D. To provide support for the findings.
11. What is the key factor in the formation of infection according to Anders Hakansson
A. Immune systems.
B. Bacterial colonization.
C. S. pneumoniae.
D. S. pyogenes.
D
“All of our senses convert (转换) physical energy in the surrounding world into electrical responses. which are the common currency that the nervous system uses, “ said James Hudspeth from Rockefeller University.
Hudspeth said, “Our ears have to convert mechanical vibrations(震动)in the air into electrical responses. And the way this is done is that there are so-called hair cells. These cells have little microscopic bristles(刚毛), about a hundred of them, and on the top of each cell, these bristles vibrate back and forth in response to sound. That sets up an electrical signal that goes down a nerve fiber and into the brain. ”
Hudspeth continued, “The real question is what happens with these hair cells as they degenerate. We lose them owing to loud sounds and certain drugs, and we lose them with ag- ing. What can be done to repair them so that we can restore hearing ”
Another expert, Robert Fettiplace said, “Well, I mean there are two aspects to this, one of which is that you could try and regrow them. Almost all hearing loss is due to death of the hair cells or lack of formation of them in the first place. The cells are all different. ”
Hudspeth said, “The problems that Robert has mentioned go for mammals, including ourselves. The situation is different with other four-legged animals. But, in reptiles, including birds, this regeneration is going on all the time, like in fish. In fact, you can take a chicken to a concert, blasting its ears. They will nicely regenerate, and even with frequency- specific hair cells, they will reconnect, and the animal will be able to hear normally again. ”
Hudspeth added, “I agree that there is an enormous challenge, and this is certainly some- thing that won’t happen overnight in ourselves. But I don’t think it’s a hopeless task and I think basically what many people are trying to do is decode (解码) the signals sent as these hair cells develop, and by doing so to recognize the signaling pathways that might be reactivated the original development and restore hair cells by that means. ”
12. How is the conversion achieved according to the text
A. Through the brain.
B. Through hair cells.
C. Through physical energy.
D. Through certain drugs.
13. What does the underlined word “degenerate” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Worsen. B. Form.
C. Proceed. D. Extend.
14. What does the enormous challenge mentioned in the last paragraph refer to
A. Replacing cells.
B Receiving signals.
C. Restoring hearing.
D. Reconnecting pathways.
15. Which may be the best title for the text
A. How do electrical responses work
B. How can we decode hearing signals
C. What results in mechanical vibrations
D. What can animals teach hearing researchers
河南省南阳市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
As part of global Happy Chinese New Year celebrations, photographers are encouraged to show how other countries mark the event in the Just Share It - Happy Chinese New Year Photo Contest 2022.
Awards and Prizes
●First prize: 10 photos (single or group), each 5,000 RMB
●Second prize: 30 photos (single or group), each 3,000 RMB
●Third prize: 60 photos (single or group), each 1,000 RMB
What
1. The images should show the programs and activities of Happy Chinese New Year (a worldwide celebration hosted by the Ministry of Culture of the PRC) all over the world or capture scenes of people enjoying the Spring Festival overseas.
2. Photographs must be of an event outside the Chinese mainland, and the photographer can be of any nationality.
3. All the images must be real, not doctored or photoshopped. The tone (色调) and color could be slightly adjusted, and the color can be changed into black and white.
4. Photographs must be in digital format. And resolution (分辨率) of the photo should be 300 dpi. TIF file should be no smaller than 50MB, the highest compressed format of JPG file no less than 7MB, and the maximum should be no less than 3,000 pixels (像素).
5. Entries can be single photos or a series — a group counts as a single photo. Each group should only have four to eight photos.
6. The headline and caption (in Chinese or English) must be complete and accurate. The authors should provide sufficient details, including the process and location of the shoot, and provide the photographer’s nationality, address and phone number.
Please fill in the blanks below and include the form with your entry via e-mail.
1. How much will all the prizes cost
A. 50, 000 RMB B. 90,000 RMB
C. 60,000 RMB D. 200,000 RMB
2. Which picture can be admitted by the contest
A. A small Chinese village is quiet in mountains.
B. Some boys are dancing at Spring Festival in New York.
C. Some adults are eating dumplings together.
D. Some people are going boating in Xihu Lake, Zhejiang Province.
3. Which requirement is NOT true
A. The picture cannot be photoshopped.
B. The picture must be in digital format.
C. The photographers must be overseas Chinese.
D. Information of the photo must be complete and correct.
B
Children’s books for those under age five often embrace science. Well before they enter their first classroom, children eagerly explore their environment in search of answers to an endless stream of why and how questions.
Roughly 1,100 books begin with “How do...”. Of those, approximately one tenth are about engineering and science (e.g. How Do Airplanes Fly and How Do Animals Move ). In that tenth, the vast majority (well over 90%) are children’s books.
Children seem to be more interested in the hows and whys of the world than adults. A burst of research in the last decade confirms the apparent pattern in book titles. From three to six years of age, children ask many how and why questions, but then those questions decrease quickly during the elementary school years and beyond.
Most children’s spontaneous (自发的) love of science fades by adulthood. Is it a problem with science itself Despite some claims to that, the real cause is a decline in wonder. Wonder is the engine that drives exploration and discovery, and when it disappears, a strong feeling of love for the workings of the world melts away.
Every child wants to know how the world works. We are all born with wonder — with curious minds, fascinated by the world around us. Young children and even infants are naturally engaging in intuitive science every day, often with complex methods.
This loss of wonder is not because we suddenly understand everything — we don’t — but because distrust, disengagement, and denial can become embedded into many aspects of our lives. Besides, the consequences (影响) of this loss of wonder are profound. Because loss of wonder can lead to especially poor understandings of underlying mechanisms, we become vulnerable to misinformation and manipulation (操纵) by others. Even worse, abandonment of wonder will take away the rewarding joy of discovery from us.
This loss of wonder, however, is not inevitable. We can all take simple action to reawaken that initial spark and live lives lit by wonder.
4. When are how and why questions asked less frequently
A. When they attend secondary schools.
B. When they are more than three years old.
C. When they are three to six years of age.
D. During the elementary school years and beyond.
5. Why does most children’s love of science fade by adulthood
A. Because science becomes too complicated for them.
B. Because their childhood wonder declines over time.
C. Because they gradually lose their interest in science.
D. Because adults are too busy to spend time on science.
6. What genre does this passage belong to
A. A narrative writing (记叙文). B. A practical writing.
C. An expository writing (说明文). D. An argumentative essay.
7. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. The loss of wonder results in poor understanding.
B. The consequences of the loss of wonder are profound.
C. We can hardly explore the world without wonder.
D. We can still regain the lost wonder.
C
The garment (服装) industry is one of the largest carbon polluters on planet Earth, and one of the greatest producers of waste. Three out of five of the 100 billion garments made in 2018 ended up in landfill within a year. Toxic chemicals land in the environment and worker communities, and the production of cotton uses up vast amounts of water.
The business model of fast fashion has led to an enormous increase in the amounts of clothes that are produced, sold, and thrown. According to McKinsey, clothing production doubled from 2000 to 2014, and the average consumer buys 60% more garments each year. At the same time, these clothes are kept only half as long as they were a mere fifteen years ago.
About 100 billion items of clothing are produced each year; that’s nearly 14 items for every human being on the planet. Some of those never even reach the consumers; it caused a minor anger when in 2018 a luxury brand admitted to burning clothes just to protect the brand.
Yet, with clothes being so cheap, people do not wear at least 50 percent of their wardrobes, according to this study. The clothing and footwear industries together account for more than 8 percent of global climate influence, greater than all international airline flights and oceanic shipping trips combined. Water usage for growing cotton has led to huge lack of water, and coloring and treatment of garments make up 17%—20% of all industrial water pollution.
An industry that makes billions on the use of the planet does not suddenly become more sustainable (可持续的) when they start using organic cotton, or start burning their unsold goods (remember—people worked really hard for very little money on those clothes!) as a green fuel…
8. What does the underlined word “Toxic” mean in paragraph 1
A. Colorful. B. Enormous. C. Beneficial. D. Poisonous.
9. Why do people throw so many clothes away
A. The new model clothing change too slowly.
B. Some luxury clothes are cheap.
C. There are more new clothes every year.
D. They want to make full use of green fuel.
10. What may garment waste influence least
A. Fishing. B. Climate. C. Transport. D. Agriculture.
11. What is the text mainly about
A. Clothing waste. B. Sources of pollution.
C. The garment industry. D. Effects of environmental pollution.
D
Despite the life-saving COVID-19 vaccines (疫苗), so many people died in the second year of the pandemic in the US that the nation’s life expectancy dropped for a second year in a row last year, according to a new analysis.
The analysis of government statistics found US life expectancy fell by just under half a year in 2021, adding to a dramatic drop in life expectancy that occurred in 2020. Dr. Steven Woolf, a professor of population health and health expert at Virginia Commonwealth University, who helped conduct the analysis, said many of the deaths occurred in people in the prime of their lives. And Woolf added that it drove the overall US life expectancy to fall to 76.6 years—the lowest in at least 25 years.
“Shame on the US,” said Noreen Goldman, a professor at Princeton University. The 2021 drop came after US life expectancy fell in 2020, dropping by almost two years. It’s unclear why this happened, but Woolf and others thought it may be due in part to some Americans more likely to live in states with fewer restrictions, so they let down their guard more, while often refusing to get vaccinated.
“The deaths that occurred in 2021 were a product not only of a lack of COVID-19 vaccines, which was a factor, but also being in places that didn’t observe policies like masking and social distancing that prevented spread of the virus, which was the main reason,” Woolf said.
The 2021 drop also widened the gap in life expectancy between the US and other countries, the analysis found. That was due primarily to lower vaccination rates in the US, researchers said. The researchers also said a big part of that was fewer restrictions and more vaccine hesitation in the US, which resulted in lower vaccination rates and a much higher death number. The other health problems like heart attack and overweight also played a role, they said.
“We spent a fortune on medical care and we’re a high-income country. Our government should be able to do far better,” Goldman said.
12. What was America’s life expectancy before COVID-19
A. About 79.1 years. B. About 78.6 years.
C. About 77.1 years. D. About 76.6 years.
13. What played an important role in leading the high death rate in the US
A. Lack of medicine. B. Powerful virus.
C. Violation of anti-epidemic policies. D. The government’s negative act.
14. Which column of a magazine can this text come from
A. Politics. B. Science. C. Education. D. Health.
15. What is Goldman’s attitude toward the government
A. Unsatisfied. B. Objective. C. Supportive. D. Unconcerned.
河南省驻马店市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末英语试题
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
A One-day Tour of Beijing
Highlights
●A mini group of only 1 to 6 guests, with more personal service.
●Price Beat Guarantee: The 100% lowest fare is here! We beat any price of identical tour services.
●VIP privilege of fast entry to the 600-year-old Forbidden City.
●Smartly hike the Great Wall in the afternoon to avoid the crowds. Ensure at least 2.5 hours to thoroughly enjoy the Great Wall views.
●Unlimited bottles of drinking water and small local snacks are available at no charge.
●In-depth commentary and photography inspirations are offered by your professional English-speaking guide.
●No shopping diversions, no factory stores, no tea ceremony, no shopping site restaurant. Avoid wasting time at any shopping stop. That’s also the reason why we can include more attractions than others.
Tour Price (US$ Per Person)
Adult (>11 years old) $89
Child (3-11 years old) $79
Booking Policy
●Baby Price. This tour is free of charge for a child under 3 years old.
●Confirmation: Upon receiving your booking request, confirmation will be sent within 12 hours.
●Payment: Full payment is required at least two days prior to the day trip. We accept payment by PnyPal. Credit Card、Alipay、Wechat and Bank Transfer.
●Cancellation: Your payment can be fully refunded(退还)if you cancel more than 24 hours prior to the trip. If you cancel the order within 24 hours or any unused portion after the day imp begins、your payment cannot be refunded.
●Departures are guaranteed with two persons.
●Guests under 80 can participate in this mini group tour
1. Which is one of the highlights of the tour
A. It’s the richest of its kind.
B. It includes some free food.
C. It guarantees the best shopping experience.
D. It ensures unlimited time to view the Great Wall.
2. How much should a couple with a two-year-old kid pay for the tour
A. $89. B. $168. C. $178. D. $257.
3. What should you do if you want to get a full refund on the tour
A. Apply at least one day before the tour.
B. Cancel the order when the tour begins.
C. Send your cancellation request after the tour.
D. Show your booking request when the tour begins.
B
I am a boy who likes reading and I read all kinds of books. When I do this, I have ended up with two speeds—fast and slow depending on how worthwhile I find the book. I like to analyze and ponder over the words and contents of the books, which can sharpen my mind.
When I read the book Intrinsic Motivation(《内在动机》), I ask myself, “What kind of book is it ” Well, first of all, I have to say Dan Pink writes well, which is probably not surprising as he is a speechwriter for an American leader. The text is neither academically difficult nor overly casual. It states information clearly without effort. The subject matter of the book is motivation, and it starts with a discussion of how external motivation is less effective for modern knowledge work, where wide intelligent decision-making and innovation are essential.
The book shows that the tricky nature of how we are truly motivated is uncovered with plenty of examples and descriptions of sound research. For example, it is shown how payment can signal that a task is undesirable and so reduce intrinsic motivation. The heart of the book is the analysis of intrinsic motivation, in particular through the three key elements of autonomy, mastery and purpose. The rest of the book then takes an applied position, showing how these principles can be applied in the workplace. The book ends up with a comprehensive summary, covering the contents from several different angles and providing an easy future reference.
This is the sort of book I like most. Unsurprisingly, perhaps, I took quite a long time to read and re-read this excellent book. It covers the subject of motivation strongly and well. and is now one of my definitive references in a rather large library.
4. What does the underlined phrase “ponder over” in paragraph I mean
A. Think about. B. Speak out. C. Cut down. D. Take over.
5. What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A. The effects of external motivation. B. The elements of worthwhile books.
C. The author’s understanding of the book. D. The author’s intelligence for reading books.
6. How does the book mainly expand on the nature of intrinsic motivation
A. By listing statistics. B. By making assumptions.
C. By drawing comparisons. D. By highlighting instances.
7. What is the text
A. A book review. B. A biography. C. A novel. D. A news report.
C
James Rilling of Emory University in Atlanta published the study in The Royal Society in November,2021. His team surveyed 50 grandmothers each with one biological grandchild be-tween 3 and 12 years old and one of their own child. They also measured the brain function as the participants viewed pictures of their grandchild and the same-sex parent of the grandchild. Researchers found that grandmothers viewing their grandchild’s pictures activated parts of the brain that involved emotional empathy(共鸣)and movement.
In contrast, the study also found that when grandmothers viewed images of their adult child, they showed stronger activation in an area of the brain associated with cognitive(认知的)empathy. That indicates they may be trying to cognitively understand what their adult child is thinking or feeling and why, but not as much from the emotional pared with results from an earlier study by the Rilling lab of fathers viewing photos of their children, results showed that grandmothers activated more parts of the brain that involved emotional empathy and motivation.
“That suggests that grandmothers tend to feel what their grandchildren are feeling when they interact with them,” Rilling said. “If their grandchild is smiling, they’re feeling the child’s joy. And if their grandchild is crying, they’re feeling the child’s pain and sorrow.” In many societies, grandmothers are important caregivers, and their investment is often associated with improving their grandchildren’s well-being.
It’s part of the reason why the US celebrates Grandparents’ Day each year on the first Sunday after Labor Day in September. The announcement was signed in 1978. “Because grandparents are usually free to love, guide and befriend the young without having to take the daily responsibility for them. They can reach out past pride and fear of failure and close the space between generations,” the announcement read.
8. How many generations were there at least in the participants’ families
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.
9. What did Rilling say about grandmothers and their grandchildren in paragraph 3
A. Their cognitive abilities. B. Their emotional interaction.
C. Their respective preferences. D. Their important characteristics.
10. What did the 1978 announcement show
A. The fear of grandparents. B. Grandparents’ Day activities.
C. Grandparents’ responsibilities. D. The origin of Grandparents’ Day.
11. What can be the best title for the text
A. Grandmothers Are More Likely to Be Emotional
B. Grandmothers Empathize with Their Own Children
C. Grandmothers Hold Deep Bond with Grandchildren
D. Grandmothers Have Generation Gaps with Grandchildren
D
Cities are the planet’s largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions (排放), so they offer the greatest opportunity to tackle climate change. Hitting net zero emissions by 2050, a target set at the COP26 summit, could be achieved more quickly using city digital twins—working virtual replicas (复制品) that help track, manage and reduce environmental damage rapidly.
The United Nations says cities, the most suitable subjects, which occupy less than two percent of the Earth’s surface, are major contributors to climate change, consuming almost 80 percent of the world’s energy and producing more than 60 percent of greenhouse gas emissions. Urban areas are forecast to grow by another 2.5 billion people by 2050.
Digital twins look and behave identically in their real-world physical environments. Similar technologies have been in use since NASA’s Apollo moon mission in 1969, where computers and machine replicas were used to test and monitor spacecraft. Virtual 3D city models link to networks of sensors that collect data from buildings, transport, air quality and energy use, to see where emissions can be cut and efficiency improved.
The UK is planning a kind of national digital twins that will connect digital replicas man-aging buildings, factories, and the other infrastructure nationwide. And that could lead to en-tire virtual world online, part of a virtual reality space proposed by tech companies.
Research shows that digital twins can save cities more than $ 280 billion globally by 2030 through more efficient urban planning. A provider of digital twins, City zenith, believes that net zero deadlines could be achieved 15 years early if the world’s 100 biggest cities use the technology to remove carbon. “They are the perfect tool for managing and accelerating the energy transition,” said CEO Michael Jansen. “We could get to net zero emissions globally by 2035.”
In the US. the Digital Twin Consortium is working to standardize how digital twins are built and share data. Big tech companies around the world have developed software for replica-ting cities, including a district of Berlin, the island nation of Singapore, and the entire city of Shanghai in China.
12. What are city digital twins used to do
A. Decorate cities. B. Change cities’ climate.
C. Popularize urban technology. D. Reduce urban carbon emissions.
13. Why are cities chosen for the use of digital twins
A. They occupy most of the Earth’s surface.
B. They consume little of the world’s energy.
C. They produce little of solid waste pollution.
D. They contribute most to the greenhouse effect.
14. Why is the Apollo moon mission mentioned in the text
A. To prove the accuracy of network data.
B. To tell us the importance of space tasks.
C. To explain the application of digital twins.
D. To show the difficulty of urban construction.
15. What can we learn about city digital twins from the last two paragraphs
A. They lack research funding.
B. They are practical and promising.
C. They have reached a standard level.
D. They are complex and unrecognizable.
河南省郑州市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Chicago Botanic Garden Events
Whether you’re attending the hands-on workshop at the Midwest Fruit Explorers or admiring artfully arranged daffodils (水仙花) at the Midwest Daffodil Society Show, you’re bound to take home plenty of inspiration for your home garden as you enjoy the best shows at Chicago Botanic Garden. Here are some of the Chicago flower and garden shows that you won’t want to miss this spring.
●Midwest Fruit Explorers
The Midwest Fruit Explorers presents this hands-on workshop with step-by-step instructions on how to graft (嫁接) and care for fruit trees.
When: March 31-April 10, 1-4 p.m.
●Midwest Daffodil Society Show
The Midwest Daffodil Society Show puts hundreds of daffodils on exhibition that will be judged by the society. The show includes flower design and photography competitions.
When: April 22一28, 10 a.m.-4: 30 p.m.
●Ikebana International Show
The Ikebana International Show presents an exhibition of traditional Japanese flower arranging.
When: May 11-19, 9 a.m.-3: 30 p.m. ( Saturday & Sunday only)
●Gardeners of the North Shore
The Gardeners of the North Shore hosts this annual show. This show includes a judged exhibition with more than 500 entries of anything that a home gardener can grow, including flowers , vegetables , herbs , and house plants.
When: June 27-30, 9 a.m.-4: 30 p.m.
Garden tours & trams:
Enjoy a tram tour for an overview of popular areas Return each season to experience different views.
Accessibility at the garden:
※Service animals are welcome. No pets please.
※Electronic Convenience Vehicles (ECVs) are available for rent in the Visitor Center on a first come, first served basis. The following fees apply: members: $15,non-members $20. ECVs will not be rented for indoor use.
※Wheelchairs are available free at the Information Desk in the Visitor Center.
Daily Hours: 8 a.m.-7 p.m.
Garden View Cafe: 8 a.m. 4 p.m.
Garden Shop: 10 8.m.- 4 p.m.
1. What can visitors do at the Midwest Daffodil Society Show
A. Grow house plants indoors.
B. Learn about fruit tree planting.
C. Take part in the photography competition.
D. Admire traditional Japanese flower arranging.
2. How much is it if a couple take their 2-year-old son on a tram tour with a membership card
A. $14. B. $16. C. $19. D. $22.
3. What service can visitors enjoy in the garden
A. Renting ECVs for indoor use.
B. Visiting the garden with their pets.
C. Using wheelchairs for free if they need.
D. Having free coffee from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m.
B
One day Beth received a piano as a gift from her neighbor Mr. Laurence, which had belonged to his late granddaughter. In spite of her shyness, Beth was determined to show her gratefulness.
“You’ll have to go and thank him,” said her sister by way of a joke, for the idea of the child’s really going never entered her head. “Yes, I mean to. I guess I’ll go now, before I get frightened thinking about it.”
And, to the amazement of everyone present, Beth walked deliberately down the garden, through the fence, and in at the Laurences’ door. “Well, I wish I may die if it isn’t the strangest thing I ever see!” cried Hannah, staring after her, while the other girls were made quite speechless by her unexpected act.
They would have been still more amazed if they had seen what Beth did afterward. She went and knocked at the study door before she gave herself time to think. When a deep voice called out “Come in”, she did go in, right up to Mr. Laurence, who looked quite surprised, and held out her hand, saying, with only a small quake in her voice, “I came to thank you, sir, for... ” But she didn’t finish, for he looked so friendly that she forgot her speech and, only remembering that he had lost the little girl he loved, she put both arms round his neck and kissed him.
The old gentleman couldn’t have been more astonished. But he liked it. Oh dear, yes, he liked it amazingly! And he was so touched and pleased by that little kiss that he just set her on his knee, and laid his wrinkled cheek against her rosy one, feeling as if he had got his own little granddaughter back again. Beth didn’t fear him from that moment, and sat there talking to him freely as if she had known him all her life, for love drives away fear, and gratefulness can defeat pride.
When she went home, he walked with her to her own gate, shook hands warmly, and touched his hat as he marched back again, looking like a handsome, old gentleman, as he was.
4. How did the other girls feel when seeing Beth walking to Mr. Laurence’s house
A. Relieved. B. Shocked.
C. Pleased. D. Terrified.
5. Why didn’t Beth finish her speech when she saw Mr. Laurence
A. She was shy and nervous.
B. She was too excited to speak.
C. She was moved by his kindness.
D. She was too afraid before a stranger.
6. What does the author want to express mainly in this text
A. We should overcome our inner fear.
B. Love and gratefulness can do wonders.
C. We ought to repay those who help us.
D. Courage comes from strong determination. .
7. What is the text
A. A novel. B. A diary entry.
C. A report. D. A book review.
C
French writer Annie Ernaux won the 2022 Nobel Prize in literature in 2022. She is the first French female writer to win the prize. In the words of the Nobel committee , Emaux was given the award“for the courage and clinical acuity (敏锐的洞察力)”of her writing.
Having spent over 5 decades as a writer, the 82-year-old winner has published more than 20 books to her name , including Cleaned Out (1974), Shame (1997), a 2008 memoir (回忆录) called The Years and A Girl’s Story (2016).
Rather than consider herself a writer of fiction, Emaux has used the term“an ethnologist (人类学家) of herself”“ to describe herself.
Bormn in 1940 in a rural village in Normandy, France, Ernaux grew up in a working-class environment as her parents ran a combined grocery store and cafe. She worked as a teacher before becoming a full-time writer.
Two books by other French writers inspired her to be a writer: The Second Sex by Simone de Beauvoir and Distinction by Pierre Bourdieu. The former led her to write about feminism (女权主义),and the latter raised her awareness of the huge gap between her and the environment she grew up in. Besides her reading influences, her“upbringing and experiences navigating adolescence and adulthood”also inspire many of her works,noted CNN. For example, the book Shame explores the theme of childhood trauma (创伤) while A Girl’s Story follows a young woman’s coming of age in the 1950s.
Though the matters Ernaux describes in her books are serious and even sometimes heavy, they are always written in plain language. Emaux described her style as flat writing” through which she aims to tell her stories objectively,“unshaped by florid (过多修饰的) description or overwhelming emotions ,”noted Fox News.
“She writes about things that no one else writes about, for instance her jealousy(嫉妒), her experiences as an abandoned lover and so on.I mean, really hard experiences,” Anders Olsson, chairman of the Nobel Committee for Literature, said after the award announcement in Stockholm. He went on to say,“ She gives words for these experiences that are very simple and striking. They are short books, but they are really moving.”
8. What can be learned about Annie Ernaux from the passage
A. She described herself as a science fiction writer.
B. She started with a full-time writer before being a teacher.
C. She is considered to be the first French person to win the prize.
D. She was awarded for the bravery and observation shown in her writing.
9. What inspired Annie Emaux to write her works
A. Her hardships of life.
B. Her teaching career.
C. Her personal experiences.
D. Her working class background.
10. Which words best describe Annie Emaux’s witing style
A. Serious and sharp.
B. Plain and objective.
C. Light and humorous.
D. Elegant and descriptive.
11. What can be the best title of this passage
A. A Woman Telling Her Own Stories
B. A Teacher Becoming a Full-time Writer
C. A Female Writer Winning Many Awards
D. A French Female Fighting for Women’s Rights
D
You don’t need to be a whale expert to know that these large animals are most at home in the depths of the world’s many oceans. You may not be surprised then, that there were no survivors when 477 pilot whales were stuck on New Zealand’s remote Chatham Islands in October in 2022. It was one of the country’s largest mass stranding (搁浅) incidents.
Although in the past local authorities were able to quickly send teams to try and rescue the whales, that perfect result was impossible this time. According to the New Zealand whale protection non-profit organization “ Project Jonah“,there were many difficulties concerning any attempt at saving the whales. The remote Chatham Islands have a small population, meaning trained medical medics (医护人员) would be unable to get to the scene in time. In addition, there was a risk caused by predators(捕食者) attracted to the beach which endangered both rescue teams and any other surviving whales.
As a result, the whales that managed to survive for a while onshore had their dreams of returning to the ocean cut short. The decision was finally made to euthanize all of the remaining living whales on the beach. Otherwise, it could have taken weeks for them to die naturally. Though the medical medics did so to put them out of their suffering, Daren Grover, the general manager of “Project Jonah”, described the outcome as “heartbreaking”, according to the New York Post.
This incident took place less than a month after 230 whales were found stranded on the Austalian island of Tasmania. Fortunately, about 30 of those animals were then able to be saved in time by local authorities , according to NPR.
The cause of these mass stranding incidents is not obvious at the moment, although various theories have been raised. Daren Grover said that there may be an issue with the animals’ echolocation ability - the sense that allows them to find their way through the water.
If whales are found in shallow waters, rescuers often play back recordings of the animals’ own calls to pilot them to the sea. A small number of whales will also be moved to large facilities for recovery.
12. Why couldn’t the local authorities rescue the whales this time
A. They were afraid of being attacked by whales.
B. The number of the stranded whales was too large.
C. The local medical medics lacked rescue experience.
D. The island was remote and dangerous for rescue teams.
13. What does the underlined word“ euthanize” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Refloat.
B. Kill without pain.
C. Redirect.
D. Take good care of.
14. What did Daren Grover think of the result of this mass whale stranding incident
A. Sorrowful. B. Astonishing.
C. Unbelievable. D. Worrying.
15. What can be known about the mass whale stranding from the passage
A. About 30 whales were successfully rescued this time.
B. Mass whale stranding incidents are consistent nowadays.
C. The reason for this whale stranding incident remains unclear.
D. This mass whale stranding incident could have been avoided.
河南省信阳市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末英语试题
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分, 满分30分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Learn how to draw flowers! This is a great art class for naturalists, gardeners, and casual botanists of all experience levels.
About this event
This online art Class demonstrates how to draw plants using a variety of techniques that will allow you to present subjects accurately and expressively. We create a new botanical drawing in every workshop. If you’re looking for a fun and engaging way to add more value to your time in nature, TRY IT.
Workshop Duration:90 Minutes
Start time:7:00 PM
This workshop will be recorded for those who can not make the live event due to time zone differences. If you do not wish to be recorded during the live event, simply tum off the camera on your device.
Instructor: James S. Sisti
What You Need
Click HERE for a list of drawing tools that you use
·Pencil(2B or B hardness)
·Eraser
·One sheet of drawing paper (at least 8 x10 inches)
· Ruler
Optional Materials:
·Cotton Balls
·A toothpick
Please Note: This class is accessible from any web device. However, a device with a larger screen such as a tablet or PC will make for a better experience.
What’s Included:
·Admission to the live workshop
·Recording of the workshop
·Downloadable lesson packet
These resources will be made available on the Hike And Draw website after the workshop. You do not need to attend the live workshop to receive a recording and lesson packet.
·Visit HIKEANDDRAW. NYC for all workshop recordings.
Still not sure Try a quick and easy nature drawing tutorial, absolutely FREE!
1. What can we know about the class
A. It is for experienced artists. B. It aims to teach drawing.
C. It has age limit. D. It is held in the morning.
2. What is a must to attend the live class
A. A ruler. B. A camera. C. A toothpick. D. A large screen.
3. What can people get from the event
A. Admission to the offline workshop. B. Membership of the Hike And Draw website.
C. Free tools and materials. D. A recording and lesson packet.
B
All the Light We Cannot See is about a blind girl named Marie-Laure, who lives in Paris, France, in the 1930s. When the Nazis invaded in 1940, she and her father are forced to leave the city. They escape to a countryside town to hide with Marie-Laure’s great uncle, Etienne. After several months, Marie-Laure’s father gets arrested. She continues to live with Etienne, and they start passing on secret signals to aid the French Resistance movement.
Werner Pfennig is German orphan with a hobby of listening to science and music programs on an old radio. Developing a talent for fixing radios, he is later hired by the Nazis to help them track enemy radio signals during the war. One day, he picks up a signal that is coming from Etienne’s home in France.
Anyway, Marie-Laure and Werner meet and develop a strong relationship. These two poor souls try to find a way to escape this horrible war together, but can they
Anthony Doerr, the author of All the Light We Cannot See is from Cleveland, Ohio. Critics have praised Doerr’s writing for his short, sharp sentences and attention to detail. All the Light We Cannot See is his second novel, which was published in 2014. It quickly became a New York Times best-seller and won a Pulitzer Prize for Fiction.
The amazing novel gives readers a look at the ugly face of war. Throughout the book, we see how war can destroy people’s lives in the blink of an eye. Characters such as Etienne and Marie-Laure’s father disappear in an instant and are never heard from again. However, war is also shown to bring out the best in people. The characters who survive must show great courage and strength when they face challenges.
Another important idea is the importance of science and technology. Doerr suggests that technologies, such as the radio, are helpful to society if they are used with good intentions. However, if technologies fall into the hands of evil they can cause great destruction.
4. How do Marie-Laure and Etienne help fighting against Nazis
A. By tracking radio signals.
B. By fixing electronic devices.
C. By providing information.
D. By joining French army.
5. What is Anthony Doerr’s writing known for
A. Historical background.
B. Touching details.
C. Beauty of language.
D. Complex plots.
6. What can we learn from the last paragraph
A. Technologies are a double-edged sword in war.
B. Technology plays a key role in war.
C Science and technology should not be valued.
D. War destroys everything on its way.
7. Which section of a magazine does this passage belong to
A. Everyday Hero.
B. Hit Movies.
C. Great Writers.
D. Book Club.
C
Do you ever talk to yourself Although it’s not always a conscious habit, most of us practice self-talk on a daily basis, as away of guiding, motivating or supporting ourselves.
Over the years, research has shown that self-talk can increase productivity, motivation and confidence, and even help manage feelings. “There is solid evidence that self-talk strategies improve learning and performance,” according to sport psychologist Antonis Hatzigeorgiadis, who studies the phenomenon of self-talk.
He explains that there are generally three reasons why we practice self-talk: to instruct, to motivate or to evaluate. Instructional self-talk happens when we need to guide ourselves through a specific task, such as learning a new skill. Motivational self-talk usually is used when we want to prepare ourselves for something challenging; it can help to increase confidence. Evaluative self-talk mostly is related to past events or actions.
Hatzigeorgiadis stresses that if we want to use such self-talk to good advantage, it needs to be short, precise and, most of all, consistent. Of course, self-talk also can be ineffective and even detrimental if it’s not done right.
“It is a matter of personal preference or what works for each person; but generally, it is advised that self-talk be positively rather than negatively phrased and focus on what you should do rather than on what you should avoid,” Hatzigeorgiadis says. So, for example, it would be better to say “stay cool” instead of “don’t get upset”. Although both instructions convey the same meaning, you should use positive words rather than negative ones. In this way you can avoid ill results.
Another thing that can make a difference when practicing self-talk is the way you address yourself. According to research published in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, using “you” rather than “I” when talking to yourself tends to be more effective. The researchers explain that when you think of yourself as another person, it allows you to give more objective and useful feedback.
8. What does the research say about self-talk
A. It is a daily habit for everyone. B. It can make people feel better.
C. It may help strengthen memory. D. It is always an unconscious behavior.
9. What can be concluded from Hatzigeorgiadis’ explanation
A. Self-talk occurs in different situations. B. Self-talk usually makes one brave.
C. Self-talk arises with various feelings. D. Self-talk is closely linked with a certain task.
10. What does the underlined word “detrimental” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Confusing. B. Useless. C. Harmful. D. Unbearable.
11. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Self-talk: a close relation to the past B. Self-talk: a great way to avoid ill results
C. Self-talk: a useful tool to benefit our life D. Self-talk: a matter of personal preference
D
This summer has brought extreme heat and droughts to places around the world. The droughts are leading to serious problems and the effects of the droughts are likely to be felt for years. Droughts aren’t new, but Earth’s rising temperatures because of global warming are making them much harder to avoid.
The drought in the Horn of Africa may be the most serious situation. For several years, the area has had very little rain during the rainy seasons. The dry conditions have killed millions of farm animals and destroyed the crops of farmers.
The drought is causing energy problems in Europe, too. The low water levels have cut the amount of hydroelectric power that can be produced. Some rivers are so low that the heavy boats that carry coal can’t travel on them.
Farmers in California and Arizona have been hit particularly hard. California has put limits on water use across the state. Now water is being limited in other places. When there are water limits, farmers aren’t able to grow as many crops. That can drive up food prices, and that affects everyone.
China is facing similar problems. The drought has dried up much of the water in the Yangtze China’s longest river. That has cut the amount of energy produced by the world’s largest dam by 40%.
China hasn’t been able to produce enough energy, since millions of people are using electricity to keep cool. The government is calling on the public to turn off the air conditioner when it is not too hot. The country is trying to make it rain by shooting chemicals into clouds. But this is an uncertain and temporary response.
There are no easy solutions to any of these droughts. It took years to create the climate crisis, and it will take a long time to get it under control. For now, governments and people will need to carefully manage water supplies and other resources to limit the damage as much as possible.
12. What has been affected by droughts according to the passage
A. Technology.
B. Transportation.
C. Education.
D. Tourism.
13. What measures have been taken to deal with droughts in China
A. Bringing water from other countries.
B. Finding replacement for rain water.
C. Limiting the use of drinking water.
D. Controlling the use of electricity.
14. How might the author feel about the fight against drought
A. Concerned.
B. Satisfied.
C. Disappointed.
D. Optimistic.
15. What can be the best title for the passage
A. Worldwide Droughts Appeared as New Problems
B. China Is also Facing the Serious Drought Problem
C. Droughts Cause Problems Around the World
D. Many Reasons Lead to the Drought Problem
答案：
河南省开封市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末英语试题
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了一门音乐表演课程的相关信息。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Our curriculum is designed for the serious young musicians who are seeking a program that fully combines the study of voice with the study of acting. (我们的课程是为认真的年轻音乐家设计的，他们正在寻求一个将声音学习与表演学习充分结合的课程。)”可知，这些年轻的音乐家还寻求课程，应该还是音乐系的学生。故选C项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“Students specializing in music theatre make their public appearance in their final term as they are presented to New York’s agents, casting directors, directors and producers in their graduation showcase designed to evaluate the work of each student and help them make their first professional contacts in the industry. (音乐戏剧专业的学生在最后一学期公开亮相，他们在毕业展示中被展现给纽约的经纪人、选角导演、导演和制片人，旨在评估每个学生的工作，并帮助他们在行业中进行首次职业接触。)”可知，为了毕业，这些学生需要准备一次表演。故选A项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“The Steinhardt School’s program in vocal (声音的) performance offers music-based training for a career in music theatre performance. (斯坦哈特学校的声乐表演课程为音乐戏剧表演职业生涯提供基于音乐的培训。)”可知，这是一门关于音乐表演的课程，故可能出自报纸的教育板块。故选B项。
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。Darcie下个月将天天遛狗, 为一个慈善活动筹集善款。此举是为了帮助更多的盲人能有导盲犬的陪伴。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Darcie Hayward will have her five-year-old Alaskan Malamute, Sora, put paws on the pavement every day of the next month to raise funds for Guide Dogs Australia’s PAWGUST campaign.”（下个月，达西 海沃德(Darcie Hayward)将让她5岁的阿拉斯加雪橇犬少拉(Sora)每天在人行道上伸出爪子，为澳大利亚导盲犬组织的 PAwgUST 活动筹集资金。）可知, 这个活动是一个筹集善款的慈善活动。故选A。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段““Since Eddie arrived, Lachie has been able to walk around without his cane(手杖), feeling like he is just walking his dog, ” said Darcie, who lives in Langwarrin, Victoria. “They are best friends. ” Seeing the difference a guide dog made to her brother, Darcie was overjoyed to be raising funds, so other Australians could one day have their own companion dogs, like Lachie.”（居住在维多利亚Langwarrin 的达西说：“自从埃迪来到这里，拉奇就可以不用拐杖走路了，感觉自己就像在遛狗一样。”“他们是最好的朋友。”看到导盲犬给她哥哥带来的影响，达西很高兴能够筹集到资金，这样其他澳大利亚人有一天也能有自己的同伴狗，比如拉奇。）可知, Eddie对Lachie产生了积极影响。故选B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“I shared the experience on our local community web page, mentioning we are raising money for guide dogs.”（我在我们当地社区的网页上分享了这个经历，提到我们正在为导盲犬筹集资金。）可知, Darcie分享他的经历是想有更多人能为这个慈善活动进行捐款, 从而能帮助更多的盲人。故选C。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Excited to be making a positive impact by walking her own dog, Darcie is eager to encourage more people to fetch their leashes(牵狗用的皮带) and tie up their trainers to take action.”（达西很高兴能通过遛自己的狗产生积极的影响，她渴望鼓励更多的人去牵他们的狗链，系好运动鞋并采取行动。）可知, Darcie想要更多的人参与到这个慈善活动中来, 为帮助盲人贡献自己的力量。故选D。
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。研究表明, 两种常见的细菌可长时间存在于物品的表面。因此, 研究人员建议采取额外措施以预防细菌传播。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“A new study has concluded that two common bacteria that cause colds, ear infections and sore throat can live for long periods on the surfaces of toys, books, and other items, even after being cleaned.”（一项新的研究得出结论，两种常见的致感冒、耳朵感染和喉咙痛的细菌可以在玩具、书籍和其他物品的表面长时间存活，即使在清洁之后也是如此。）可知, 研究表明两种常见的细菌可长时间存在于物品的表面。故选D项。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句““Never before has any paper directly proved that these bacteria can survive well on various surfaces, including hands, and potentially spread between individuals. ””（“以前从来没有任何论文直接证明这些细菌可以在包括手在内的各种表面上生存，并可能在个体之间传播。”）可知, 以前是没有任何论文证明这个发现的。由此可知, 这个发现是开拓性的。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。结合第五段“To reach their conclusions, the UB researchers tested the surfaces of toys in a daycare center. They found four out of five toys tested positive for S. pneumoniae and several sur- faces, such as baby beds, tested positive for S. pyogenes(化脓性链球菌), even after being cleaned. The testing was done just before the center opening in the morning so it had been many hours since the last human contact.”（为了得出他们的结论，UB 的研究人员在一家日托中心对玩具的表面进行了测试。他们发现，五分之四的玩具被检测出肺炎链球菌阳性，一些表面，如婴儿床，即使在清洁后也被检测出化脓性链球菌阳性。这项测试是在中心早上开门之前进行的，所以距离上次人类接触已经过去了好几个小时。）可知，第五段介绍了检验过程, 是为了给这个研究结果提供证据。故选D。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段““Bacterial colonization(细菌增殖)doesn’t, by itself, cause infection but it’s a necessary first stepif an infection is going to become established in a human host, ” Hakansson explains, ”（“细菌增殖本身并不会引起感染，但是如果感染要在人类宿主中建立起来，这是必要的第一步,”Hakansson 解释说）可知，细菌增殖是感染的第一步。故选B项。
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。有些动物虽然丧失了听力, 但是有恢复的可能。人类也许能从它们身上借鉴一些经验。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“And the way this is done is that there are so-called hair cells. ”（这样做的方法是有所谓的毛细胞。）可知, 这种转化通过所谓的毛细胞来实现。故选B。
【13题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段第二句“We lose them owing to loud sounds and certain drugs, and we lose them with ag- ing. ”（我们失去了它们，由于巨大的声音和某些药物，并且因为老化我们失去了它们。）可知, 本段引出问题“这些毛细胞退化时会发生什么”。因而划线词的含义为“退化”，选项A意思接近，故选A。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“We lose them owing to loud sounds and certain drugs, and we lose them with ag- ing. What can be done to repair them so that we can restore hearing ””（我们失去了它们，由于巨大的声音和某些药物，并且因为老化我们失去了它们。我们可以做些什么来修复它们，以便我们能够恢复听力 ”）第四段中“ Almost all hearing loss is due to death of the hair cells or lack of formation of them in the first place. ”（几乎所有的听力损失都是由于毛细胞的死亡或者毛细胞缺乏形成。）第五段“Hudspeth said, “The problems that Robert has mentioned go for mammals, including ourselves. The situation is different with other four-legged animals. But, in reptiles, including birds, this regeneration is going on all the time, like in fish. In fact, you can take a chicken to a concert, blasting its ears. They will nicely regenerate, and even with frequency- specific hair cells, they will reconnect, and the animal will be able to hear normally again. ””（哈德斯佩思说：“罗伯特提到的问题是针对哺乳动物的，包括我们自己。这种情况与其他四条腿的动物不同。但是，爬行动物，包括鸟类，这种再生一直在进行，就像鱼类一样。事实上，你可以带一只鸡去听音乐会，把它的耳朵炸掉。它们会很好地再生，即使有特定频率的毛细胞，它们也会重新连接起来，动物将能够再次正常地听到声音。”）最后一段中“this is certainly some- thing that won’t happen overnight in ourselves.”（这肯定是不会在一夜之间发生在我们自己身上的事情。）可知文章中讲到很多原因会导致我们的听力丧失, 有些动物却能恢复听力, 或许人类也可以恢复听力, 由此引出最后一段的“这是个非常大的挑战, 因为恢复听力肯定不会一夜之间就在我们人类身上发生”。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。通读文章，结合文章中第三段最后一句“What can be done to repair them so that we can restore hearing ”（我们可以做些什么来修复它们，以便我们能够恢复听力 ）及最后一段中“But I don’t think it’s a hopeless task and I think basically what many people are trying to do is decode (解码) the signals sent as these hair cells develop, and by doing so to recognize the signaling pathways that might be reactivated the original development and restore hair cells by that means. ””（但是我不认为这是一个没有希望任务，我认为基本上许多人正在尝试做的是解码发送的信号，随着这些毛细胞的发展，并通过这样做来识别信号通路，可能会重新激活原来的发展和恢复毛细胞的手段。”）同时结合文章其它段落内容可知，文章中讲到很多原因会导致我们的听力丧失, 有些动物却能恢复听力, 或许人类也可以恢复听力, 因而本文的主要内容可以是, 人类也许能从动物身上借鉴一些恢复听力的经验。故选D。
河南省南阳市2022-2023学年高三上学期期末英语试题
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了一个关于中国春节海外庆祝活动的有奖摄影大赛以及大赛的奖项设置和要求。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章Awards and Prizes部分中“First prize: 10 photos (single or group), each 5,000 RMB；Second prize: 30 photos (single or group), each 3,000 RMB；Third prize: 60 photos (single or group), each 1,000 RMB(一等奖：10张照片（单张或组），每张5000元；二等奖：30张照片（单张或组），每张3000元；三等奖：60张照片（单张或组），每张1000元)”可知奖项的总金额为：5000×10+3000×30+ 1000×60=200,000。故选D项。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据参賽要求的第一条“The images should show the programs and activities of Happy Chinese New Year all over the world or capture scenes of people enjoying the Spring Festival overseas.(这些图像应显示世界各地的中国新年快乐节目和活动，或捕捉人们在海外享受春节的场景。)”可知，参赛的照片要求是关于海外春节庆祝活动的。故选B项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据参赛要求的第二条“Photographs must be of an event outside the Chinese mainland, and the photographer can be of any nationality.(照片必须是中国大陆以外的活动，而且摄影师可以是任何国籍的人。)”可知，照片拍摄师可以是任何国籍的人，没有要求必须是海外华人，所以C项是错误的。故选C项。
【答案】4. D 5. B 6. C 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要阐述的是儿时的好奇心缘何消失。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。从第三段最后一句“From three to six years of age, children ask many how and why questions, but then those questions decrease quickly during the elementary school years and beyond.(从三岁到六岁，孩子们会问很多如何以及为什么的问题，但这些问题在小学及以后迅速减少。)”可知，“how and why questions”的数量在小学及以后的时间里急剧下降。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。从第四段中的“Most children’s spontaneous (自发的) love of science fades by adulthood. Is it a problem with science itself Despite some claims to that, the real cause is a decline in wonder. (大多数孩子对科学的自发热爱在成年后逐渐消失。这是科学本身的问题吗？尽管有人声称这一点，但真正的原因是好奇心的下降。)”可知，真正的原因是好奇心的下降。故选B项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“This loss of wonder is not because we suddenly understand everything — we don’t — but because distrust, disengagement, and denial can become embedded into many aspects of our lives. (这种惊奇的丧失不是因为我们突然理解了一切——我们没有——而是因为不信任、脱离和否认可以嵌入我们生活的许多方面。)”以及上文中讲述的内容可知，本文对人们儿时好奇心消失的原因进行了说明。故选C项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“This loss of wonder, however, is not inevitable. We can all take simple action to reawaken that initial spark and live lives lit by wonder. (然而，这种好奇心的丧失并非不可避免。我们都可以采取简单的行动来重新唤醒最初的火花，过上被好奇心点燃的生活。)”讲的是我们可以采取简单的措施点亮我们好奇心，由此可以推断，我们可以重拾儿时的好奇心。故选D项。
【答案】8. D 9. C 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种新型的浪费形式——服装浪费。
【8题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第一段的“The garment (服装) industry is one of the largest carbon polluters on planet Earth, and one of the greatest producers of waste.(服装行业是地球上最大的碳污染者之一，也是最大的废物制造者之一)”可知，废弃的服装会污染环境。由此可知，这些服装中含有有毒的化学物，因此toxic意为“有毒的，有害的”，与poisonous同义。故选D。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“According to McKinsey, clothing production doubled from 2000 to 2014, and the average consumer buys 60% more garments each year. At the same time, these clothes are kept only half as long as they were a mere fifteen years ago.(根据麦肯锡的数据，从2000年到2014年，服装产量翻了一番，消费者平均每年多购买60%的服装)”和第三段的“About 100 billion items of clothing are produced each year; that’s nearly 14 items for every human being on the planet. (每年大约生产1000亿件服装；也就说，地球上每一个人都拥有近14件)”可知，从2000年到2014年，服装产量翻一番，而且每年有约1000亿件衣服被生产出来，这几乎相当于地球上每个人拥有14件衣服。由此推知，人们扔掉衣服的原因是每年生产的新衣服实在太多了。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“Toxic chemicals land in the environment and worker communities, and the production of cotton uses up vast amounts of water.(有毒化学品进入环境和工人社区，棉花生产消耗大量水)”可知，服装浪费会影响农业和渔业；根据第四段的“The clothing and footwear industries together account for more than 8 percent of global climate influence, greater than all international airline flights and oceanic shipping trips combined.(服装和鞋类行业合计占全球气候影响的8%以上，超过所有国际航空公司航班和海运旅行的总和)”可知，服装浪费影响了气候。综上，服装浪费对运输业的影响相对较小。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段“The garment (服装) industry is one of the largest carbon polluters on planet Earth, and one of the greatest producers of waste. Three out of five of the 100 billion garments made in 2018 ended up in landfill within a year. Toxic chemicals land in the environment and worker communities, and the production of cotton uses up vast amounts of water.(服
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