卷子答案网-一个不只有答案的网站2023 北京一六一中高二 12 月月考英语
2023.12
本试卷共 5 页，共 120 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：完形填空 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Jeremy can no longer read, drive a car or even recognize faces. But the 20-year-old, who lost his central vision two years ago, can ____1____ hit a small white ball into a slightly larger hole from a considerable distance.
Jeremy was diagnosed with an extremely rare disease called LHON. Faced with the onset of blindness, Jeremy admits he ____2____ into depression for a couple of months and feared he’d never play golf again.
One day on TV he saw a guy crying bitterly who had just lost his family when a plane crashed down on his house. Jeremy thought, “If this guy can make it through this, then I can ____3____ having no central vision.” That became his motto: “Things could be ____4____.”
So six months after losing his sight, Jeremy decided to ____5____ his golf club again. He had played every Sunday since the age of twelve with his Dad Lionel. Blind golf brought them even closer because, unlike the regular version of the sport, it’s a ____6____ game.
Lionel acts as his son’s sighted coach on the course. He ____7____ the hole and hazards（障碍）. Then he points in the direction, while Jeremy places his chin on his dad’s shoulder to get a ____8____ of the correct position.
They played together and won the World Blind Golf Championship. Besides, Jeremy has been collecting money and raising ____9____ of LHON with sponsored bike rides, half-marathons and even sky dives. “That’s the greater _____10_____ of my doing anything,” he told CNN.
1. A. casually B. seriously C. successfully D. accidentally
2. A. ran B. looked C. slipped D. burst
3. A. avoid B. suffer C. escape D. survive
4. A. funnier B. worse C. simpler D. crazier
5 A. look for B. show off C. pick up D. deal with
6. A. team B. class C. mind D. strength
7. A. clears B. measures C. discovers D. describes
8. A. sense B. sign C. view D. mark
9. A. levels B. awareness C. standards D. spirit
10. A. challenge B. opportunity C. potential D. purpose
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The Boy Made It!
One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.
Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.
He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. If he didn’t, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him.
Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.
By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could he huddled (蜷缩) in his cave and slept.
The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn’t find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.
Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls’ survival show Man vs. Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode (一期节目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.
When Gxrylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.
11. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon
A. He got lost. B. He broke his skis.
C He hurt his eyes. D. He caught a cold.
12. How did Nicholas keep himself warm
A. He found a shelter. B. He lighted some branches.
C. He kept on skiing. D. He built a snow cave.
13. On Tuesday’ Nicholas .
A. returned to his shelter safely B. was saved by a searcher
C. got stuck in the snow D. stayed where he was
14. Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he .
A. did the right things in the dangerous situation
B. watched Grylls’ TV program regularly
C. created some tips for survival
D. was very hard-working
B
(WAIKING WATER EXPERIMENT)
Walking Water Science Experiment for Kids
Let's get set up for walking water with a few quick and easy steps the kids can definitely be a part of! We used test tubes for three sets of primary colors. You can use less as long as you have enough to go around with all the colors mixing. First, add red, yellow, and blue food coloring (one color per test tube) in order. Give each test tube a little stir (搅拌)to evenly distribute the color. Try to put the same amount of food coloring in each container. Cut thin strips of white paper towel to fit in the test tubes. Place them into the test tubes. There will be two ends in each tube. Wait and watch what happens. At this point, you can set up a stopwatch to make notes of how long it takes for the colors to meet and mix.
Before you insert the strips, you have the perfect opportunity to make some predictions about what will happen. Have your kids come up with a prediction for their experiment Will the water walk You can start the conversation with "What do you think will happen when we put the towels into the water "
The whole process starts pretty quickly, but it does take a while for the colors to begin to mix with each other. Extend the science activity: pull out the watercolors and do some color mixing art while you wait. Make sure to check on your walking water science experiment every once in a while to see the changes that are constantly taking place. The kids will be amazed at how the water seems to fight against gravity! As the paper towels absorb the colored water, the water travels up the towel strip. It meets up with the other colored water that has traveled up the neighboring strip. Where the primary colors interact, they turn into the secondary colors. Both colors will continue to travel as long as the towel fibers absorb the water.
The experiment is colorful and simple to do! Plus, it is interesting for multiple ages. Older kids should be able to set it up all by themselves and can also use our science journal page to record their results.
15. What materials are needed for the experiment
A. Test tubes, food coloring and paper towel.
B. Drinking water, test tubes and a notebook.
C. Food coloring, water cups and a paper cutter.
D. Mixed colors, towel strips and food containers.
16. In the experiment, you're expected to ________.
A. add three colors into each container
B. set up a stopwatch from the beginning
C. put colorful towel strips in the test tubes
D. stir each test tube to make the color even
17. Water in the test tubes can walk because ________.
A. food coloring has the power to take in water
B. towel fibers absorb water and allow it to travel
C. water flows naturally under the influence of gravity
D. colors interact with each other and thus travel easily
C
Life in the Clear
Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet---as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they’re eating it, or unless something is eating them.”
And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through It s trickier than you might think.
The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.
But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don’t see it you see the things behind it.
To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments (色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.
Animals are built of many different materials---skin, fat, and more---and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see-through. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-like (果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it.
Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they’re doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear: for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white.
18. According to Paragraph 1,transparent animals .
A. stay in groups B. can be easily damaged
C. appear only in deep ocean D. are beautiful creatures
19. The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means .
A. silently B. gradually
C. regularly D. completely
20. One way for an animal to become transparent is to .
A. change the direction of light travel B. gather materials to scatter light
C. avoid the absorption of light D. grow bigger to stop light
21. The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals .
A. move more slowly in deep water
B. stay see-through even after death
C. produce more tissues for their survival
D. take effective action to reduce light spreading
D
For today’s increasingly interconnected food supply chains, “efficient” is what it’s supposed to be: Each country specializes in what it’s best, at and puts it on the global market. Producers and processors within countries specialize, too, as a way to minimize costs. As a result, at least in theory, prices stay low, the world gets fed and everyone wins.
However, the coronavirus crisis demonstrates what is wrong with this approach. When barriers prevent food from reaching its markets, or demand suddenly drops — both of which are happening now — the system falls apart.
Specialization of the food system makes it hard to shift into different markets when disruptions arise. Belgium, a leading exporter of potatoes, lost sales not only to local restaurants but also to other countries because of lockdowns（封锁）. At least the Belgians can try to eat the potatoes at home. That strategy won't work for every crop: Ghana, the world’s top cocoa exporter, lost markets when people stalled focusing on buying essential items instead of chocolate.
The loss in export income in Africa more generally could have a huge impact if the pandemic continues, as many countries there rely heavily on imported wheat and rice. The prices of these grains have soared not only because of rising demand for these grains during the crisis, but also because a few countries — including Russia and Vietnam — imposed export restrictions out of fear that sending food abroad would lead to higher prices at home.
Concentrated markets dominated by just a handful of companies heighten food system fragility. For example, just three meatpacking plants process over 95 percent of Canada’s beef and nearly all of its beef exports. Now, those meat processing plants have had to temporarily shut down because of outbreaks of COVID-19 among workers.
Seeing the spoiled products across the world should force all of us to rethink our “efficient” food supplies. We need to rejuvenate（使恢复活力）local and regional food systems to reduce the vulnerabilities that come with being too reliant on imported and corporate-dominated foods. This doesn’t mean cutting off all trade or abolishing all packaged foods, but it does mean building diversity, and increasing opportunities for small and medium-scale enterprises to flourish in shorter, more sustainable food supply chains that are closer to home.
One place to start is for governments to shift their support from the large-scale, specialized and export-oriented food system to building infrastructure for more diverse local food systems. Around the world, small-scale and organic producers have been overwhelmed with the surge in interest from customers who want to buy directly from farmers during the crisis. But these producers often lack the infrastructure to meet that demand. As governments around the world pass stimulus packages to address the crisis, building more diverse and localized food systems should be an obvious inclusion.
22. In theory, specialization of the food system ________.
A. adapts to changes efficiently B. balances supply and demand
C focuses on essential items D. reduces costs of production
23. The underlined word “fragility” in Paragraph 5 means ________.
A. weakness B. diversity
C. unfairness D. complexity
24. What can we learn from the passage
A. A few countries restrict exports to stabilize local food prices.
B. Grain prices rise due to Africa’s dependence on importation.
C. Ghana might be less affected by lockdowns than Belgium was.
D. Packaged-food consumption should be encouraged to address the crisis.
25. The main purpose of this passage is to ________.
A expose food security issues during the crisis
B. advocate establishing diverse local food systems
C. discuss the development of a sustainable economy
D. prove the importance of sound government policies
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What Are the Roots of Your Self-Esteem
Self-esteem is a person's subjective assessment of his or her worth to himself or herself. Self- esteem covers various beliefs about oneself (such as 'Tm a failure" and "I'm beautiful") as well as physiological states, including sadness, joy, and shame. The more we believe that we are worthy of happiness and good things in life, the more self-fulfilled we will be. When we don't believe that we are worthy of these things, our ability to enjoy them can suffer. ____26____
Healthy self-esteem as an adult can be a gift given in your childhood. It is a blessing that most people overlook. There are so many ways adults with high self-esteem were supported as children that resulted in them having high self-esteem. For instance, they were praised for what they had achieved.
____27____They likely experienced affection and were given enough attention. It is also possible that they excelled in studies or in sports and were admired for it by peers.
____28____As children, many of these people were criticized, yelled at, or abused in one way or another. There is also a high chance that they were given no attention by the adults who were supposed to care for them. In some cases, adults with poor self-esteem were often ridiculed for their shortcomings or bullied by peers.
It is common that these adults also believe that in order to be appreciated they need to be perfect.
____29____There are people who are obsessed with their careers or hobbies because in their mind they need to tie their worthiness to something concrete. Oftentimes these people have to pretend to be something they are not just to get approval.
How you feel about yourself impacts how you live your life. People with high self-esteem tend to have better relationships than those with low self-esteem. ____30____ So if you struggle to reach out for assistance, it could be rooted in your low self-esteem.
A. There is also a good chance that they were spoken to respectfully.
B. When we start to doubt what's important in life, we tend to do less of it.
C. Since self-esteem is connected to how we perform, it is important to work on it.
D. People with poor self-esteem, on the other hand, often experienced the opposite.
E. This creates an image in their mind that without accomplishment they are worthless.
F. They face failure too, but they understand that failure or success doesn't define them.
G. High self-esteem enables you to ask for help and support from the people around you when you need it.
第三部分：语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beijing residents woke up to yellow sky on Sunday morning as northern China ____31____ (hit) by the largest sandstorm of the decade.
Air pollution readings rose to the upper limit of 500 at 8 a.m., according to data from the city's environmental monitory center, as visibility was reduced to ____32____ (little) than 1,000 meters in parts of the city.
The city's weather bureau advised residents to stay indoors as much as possible, while experts are working to find out ____33____ the sandstorm came into being.
B
语法填空
Speaking of map apps, some users have found that they are useful for more than just ____34____ (find) one’s way. One man, San Francisco’s Lenny Maughan, uses them to make works of art.
Lenny runs everywhere he can. Wherever he goes, he tracks his progress ____35____ using an app, such as Map MyRun or Strava. As he runs, the app traces a line along the path he follows. So, to make his runs more fun, Lenny decided to run in patterns that ____36____ (make) amazing images. To date, he has shared runs that have turned into images of a heart, a portrait of artist Frida Kahlo, and more.
C
语法填空
In 2016, I unpacked my luggage at a newly constructed New York hotel only to realize that I ____37____ (forget) my toothpaste. I called room service, and an ____38____ (energy) voice responded, “Someone will bring it right up.” Two minutes later, I opened my door only to discover an object resembling a trash can on wheels, equipped with a lid, a large button and a small digital screen. I cautiously pushed the button and the lid opened, revealing a toothpaste tube. The digital display flashed “Thank you”. The robotic ____39____ (visit) then turned around and rolled away. Before it disappeared, I snapped a photo, sending it to a friend, ____40____ later responded, “Wow, so cool!”
第四部分：词汇填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)
41. When I stepped into the surgery, the doctor was busy ________ a patient. (examine)（所给词适当形式填空）
42. Seeing his wallet in his bag, he blushed with ________ (embarrass). （所给词的适当形式填空）
43. We laugh a lot when watching a comedy because of the ________ plots and funny acts. (humour) (所给词的适当形式填空)
44. Mike goes to the gym ________to do some weight lifting and jogging. (regular) （所给词的适当形式填空）
45. After attending the lecture, we all raised the ________ of living a green life. (aware) （所给词的适当形式填空）
46. The audience who have seen the performance of Atkinson are ________ that he has a genius for comedy. (convince) (所给词的适当形式填空)
47. As a psychologist, he has helped some patients suffering from ________, depression, and eating disorders. (anxious) (所给词的适当形式填空)
48. It is quite ________ to see him wearing a funny hat and making faces. (amuse) （所给词的适当形式填空）
49. I wrote him an email to show my congratulations on ________ the master’s degree. (obtain) （所给词的适当形式填空）
50. The headmaster made an official ________ saying that all of us could not use the smart phones on campus. (announce) （所给词的适当形式填空）
第五部分：书面表达（共 35 分）
第一节 翻译句子（共 5 小题；每小题 3 分，共 15 分）
51. 当他们早晨醒来时，惊讶地发现帐篷被偷了。（astonished）（汉译英）
52. Mr. Atkinson完全依靠身体语言来体现他的幽默，这让他成为世界知名的喜剧演员。（rely on; 定语从句）（汉译英）
53. 当老师进来的时候，学生们正在讨论如何分类垃圾。（sort）（汉译英）
54. 乘坐公共交通和使用共享自行车是减少交通堵塞的好方法。（-ing 作主语） （汉译英）
55. 我奶奶去购物时，经常使用可重复使用的袋子而不用塑料袋。（plastic） （汉译英）
第二节（共 20 分）
56. 假设你是高三学生李华，得知你的美国笔友Peter暑假要来中国旅游并在北京停留一天。有两条游览路线让他犹豫不决：1. 长城一日游；2. 天安门广场、故宫一日游。Peter想征询你的意见。请你根据以下内容，给他写一封电子邮件。内容包括：
1. 欢迎他来北京旅游；
2. 推荐路线并说明理由；
3. 提出可以陪他游览一天。(Word limit:80-100)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2023 北京一六一中高二 12 月月考英语
2023.12
本试卷共 5 页，共 120 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必将答案写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：完形填空 （共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
Jeremy can no longer read, drive a car or even recognize faces. But the 20-year-old, who lost his central vision two years ago, can ____1____ hit a small white ball into a slightly larger hole from a considerable distance.
Jeremy was diagnosed with an extremely rare disease called LHON. Faced with the onset of blindness, Jeremy admits he ____2____ into depression for a couple of months and feared he’d never play golf again.
One day on TV he saw a guy crying bitterly who had just lost his family when a plane crashed down on his house. Jeremy thought, “If this guy can make it through this, then I can ____3____ having no central vision.” That became his motto: “Things could be ____4____.”
So six months after losing his sight, Jeremy decided to ____5____ his golf club again. He had played every Sunday since the age of twelve with his Dad Lionel. Blind golf brought them even closer because, unlike the regular version of the sport, it’s a ____6____ game.
Lionel acts as his son’s sighted coach on the course. He ____7____ the hole and hazards（障碍）. Then he points in the direction, while Jeremy places his chin on his dad’s shoulder to get a ____8____ of the correct position.
They played together and won the World Blind Golf Championship. Besides, Jeremy has been collecting money and raising ____9____ of LHON with sponsored bike rides, half-marathons and even sky dives. “That’s the greater _____10_____ of my doing anything,” he told CNN.
1. A. casually B. seriously C. successfully D. accidentally
2. A. ran B. looked C. slipped D. burst
3. A. avoid B. suffer C. escape D. survive
4. A. funnier B. worse C. simpler D. crazier
5. A. look for B. show off C. pick up D. deal with
6. A. team B. class C. mind D. strength
7. A. clears B. measures C. discovers D. describes
8. A. sense B. sign C. view D. mark
9. A. levels B. awareness C. standards D. spirit
10. A. challenge B. opportunity C. potential D. purpose
【答案】1. C 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. A 9. B 10. D
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。20岁的杰里米两年前失去了中心视力，但他可以从相当远的地方成功地将一个小白球击进一个稍大一点的洞里。他曾一度陷入抑郁和绝望，但是在看到一个失去家人的人挺了过来之后，他重新振作起来。杰里米在父亲的帮助下重新开始打高尔夫，并通过一系列活动募捐来提高人们对LHON的认识。
【1题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：这位20岁的年轻人两年前失去了中心视力，但他可以从相当远的地方成功地将一个小白球击进一个稍大一点的洞里。A.casually随意地；B.seriously严肃地；C.successfully成功地；D.accidentally偶然地。根据转折词but可知，此处是指虽然他失去了中心视力，但是他可以从相当远的地方成功地将一个小白球击进一个稍大一点的洞里。故选C。
【2题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：面对失明的威胁，杰里米承认有几个月他陷入了抑郁，还担心自己再也不能打高尔夫了。A.ran运营；B.looked看；C.slipped滑倒；D.burst爆炸。根据“feared he'd never play golf again”可知，此处是指他陷入了抑郁。slip into意为“陷入”。故选C。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果这家伙能挺过来，那我没有中心视力也能活下来。A.avoid避免；B.suffer遭受；C.escape逃跑；D.survive幸存。根据“One day on TV he saw a guy crying bitterly who had just lost his family when a plane crashed down on his house.”（一天，他在电视上看到一个人哭得很伤心，因为一架飞机坠毁在他的房子上，他刚刚失去了家人。）可知，此处是指Jeremy想如果这个人这么悲惨也能挺过来，那自己没有中心视力也能活下来。故选D。
【4题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：情况可以更糟。A.funnier更有趣的；B.worse更糟糕的；C.simpler更简单的；D.crazier更疯狂的。根据“If this guy can make it through this, then I can survive having no central vision.”可知，此处是指总有人比自己的情况更糟。故选B。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以在失去视力6个月后，杰里米决定重新拿起他的高尔夫球杆。A.look for寻找；B.show off炫耀；C.pick up捡起；D.deal with处理。根据“He had played every Sunday since the age of twelve with his Dad Lionel. ”（从12岁开始，他每个星期天都和爸爸莱昂内尔一起打球。）可知，此处是指杰里米决定重新拿起他的高尔夫球杆。故选C。
【6题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：盲人高尔夫让他们的距离更近了，因为与普通的高尔夫运动不同，它是一项团队运动。A.team团队；B.class班级；C.mind精神；D.strength力量。根据“Then he points in the direction, while Jeremy places his chin on his dad’s shoulder”（然后他指向那个方向，杰里米把下巴放在他爸爸的肩膀上）可知，这是一项团队运动。故选A。
【7题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他描述洞和障碍。A.clears清除；B.measures测量；C.discovers发现；D.describes描述。根据“Lionel acts as his son’s sighted coach on the course. ”（莱昂内尔是他儿子在球场上视力教练。）可知，此处是指他描述洞和障碍。故选D。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后他指向那个方向，杰里米把下巴放在他爸爸的肩膀上以感知正确的位置。A.sense感知；B.sign签署；C.view观察；D.mark标记。根据“Then he points in the direction”可知，杰里米把下巴放在他爸爸的肩膀上是为了感知正确的位置。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，杰里米一直在筹集资金，并通过赞助自行车骑行、半程马拉松甚至跳伞来提高人们对LHON的认识。A.levels等级；B.awareness认识；C.standards标准；D.spirit精神。根据“of LHON ”可知，此处是指提高人们对LHON的认识。故选B。
【10题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我做任何事的更大目的……A.challenge挑战；B.opportunity机会；C.potential潜力；D.purpose目的。根据“raising awareness of LHON”可知，此处是指提高人们对LHON的认识是杰里米做任何事的更大目的。故选D。
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
The Boy Made It!
One Sunday, Nicholas, a teenager, went skiing at Sugarloaf Mountain in Maine. In the early afternoon, when he was planning to go home, a fierce snowstorm swept into the area. Unable to see far, he accidentally turned off the path. Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone! He didn’t have food, water, a phone, or other supplies. He was getting colder by the minute.
Nicholas had no idea where he was. He tried not to panic. He thought about all of the survival shows he had watched on TV. It was time to put the tips he had learned to use.
He decided to stop skiing. There was a better chance of someone finding him if he stayed put. The first thing he did was to find shelter from the freezing wind and snow. If he didn’t, his body temperature would get very low, which could quickly kill him.
Using his skis, Nicholas built a snow cave. He gathered a huge mass of snow and dug out a hole in the middle. Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could.
By that evening, Nicholas was really hungry. He ate snow and drank water from a nearby stream so that his body wouldn’t lose too much water. Not knowing how much longer he could last, Nicholas did the only thing he could he huddled (蜷缩) in his cave and slept.
The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he couldn’t find anyone. He followed his tracks and returned to the snow cave, because without shelter, he could die that night. On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him. After two days stuck in the snow, Nicholas was saved.
Nicholas might not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. He had often watched Grylls’ survival show Man vs. Wild. That’s where he learned the tips that saved his life. In each episode (一期节目) of Man vs. Wild, Grylls is abandoned in a wild area and has to find his way out.
When Gxrylls heard about Nicholas’ amazing deeds, he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.
11. What happened to Nicholas one Sunday afternoon
A. He got lost. B. He broke his skis.
C. He hurt his eyes. D. He caught a cold.
12. How did Nicholas keep himself warm
A. He found a shelter. B. He lighted some branches.
C. He kept on skiing. D. He built a snow cave.
13. On Tuesday’ Nicholas .
A. returned to his shelter safely B. was saved by a searcher
C. got stuck in the snow D. stayed where he was
14. Nicholas left Grylls a very deep impression because he .
A. did the right things in the dangerous situation
B. watched Grylls’ TV program regularly
C. created some tips for survival
D. was very hard-working
【答案】11. A 12. D 13. B 14. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲的是一个小男孩在暴风雪中迷路，他不畏艰难，利用在电视中学到的野外生存知识逃脱困境的故事。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中Before he knew it, Nicholas was lost, all alone!可知，还没等他明白过来，尼古拉就迷路了，孤独一人。所以Nicholas迷路了。故选A。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段Nicholas built a snow cave. 尼古拉斯建造了一个雪洞。和第四段Then he piled branches on top of himself, like a blanket, to stay as warm as he could. 然后他把树枝堆在自己身上，像毯子一样，尽可能地保暖。可知，Nicholas保持温暖的方式是建了一个雪洞。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第六段中On Tuesday, Nicholas went out again to find help. He had walked for about a mile when a volunteer searcher found him.可知，周二，尼古拉斯再次外出寻求帮助。他已经走了大约一英里，这时一个志愿者找到了他。所以星期二的时候，Nicholas被一名志愿搜索者救了。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的he was super impressed that Nicholas had made it since he knew better than anyone how hard Nicholas had to work to stay alive.可知，尼古拉成功了，这给他留下了深刻的印象，因为他比任何人都清楚尼古拉是如何努力来维持生命的 。由此判断出，尼古拉斯给格里尔留下了深刻的印象，因为他在危险的情况下做了正确的事情。故选A。
【点睛】
B
(WAIKING WATER EXPERIMENT)
Walking Water Science Experiment for Kids
Let's get set up for walking water with a few quick and easy steps the kids can definitely be a part of! We used test tubes for three sets of primary colors. You can use less as long as you have enough to go around with all the colors mixing. First, add red, yellow, and blue food coloring (one color per test tube) in order. Give each test tube a little stir (搅拌)to evenly distribute the color. Try to put the same amount of food coloring in each container. Cut thin strips of white paper towel to fit in the test tubes. Place them into the test tubes. There will be two ends in each tube. Wait and watch what happens. At this point, you can set up a stopwatch to make notes of how long it takes for the colors to meet and mix.
Before you insert the strips, you have the perfect opportunity to make some predictions about what will happen. Have your kids come up with a prediction for their experiment Will the water walk You can start the conversation with "What do you think will happen when we put the towels into the water "
The whole process starts pretty quickly, but it does take a while for the colors to begin to mix with each other. Extend the science activity: pull out the watercolors and do some color mixing art while you wait. Make sure to check on your walking water science experiment every once in a while to see the changes that are constantly taking place. The kids will be amazed at how the water seems to fight against gravity! As the paper towels absorb the colored water, the water travels up the towel strip. It meets up with the other colored water that has traveled up the neighboring strip. Where the primary colors interact, they turn into the secondary colors. Both colors will continue to travel as long as the towel fibers absorb the water.
The experiment is colorful and simple to do! Plus, it is interesting for multiple ages. Older kids should be able to set it up all by themselves and can also use our science journal page to record their results.
15 What materials are needed for the experiment
A. Test tubes, food coloring and paper towel.
B. Drinking water, test tubes and a notebook.
C. Food coloring, water cups and a paper cutter.
D. Mixed colors, towel strips and food containers.
16. In the experiment, you're expected to ________.
A. add three colors into each container
B. set up a stopwatch from the beginning
C. put colorful towel strips in the test tubes
D. stir each test tube to make the color even
17. Water in the test tubes can walk because ________.
A. food coloring has the power to take in water
B. towel fibers absorb water and allow it to travel
C. water flows naturally under the influence of gravity
D. colors interact with each other and thus travel easily
【答案】15. A 16. D 17. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个“行走水”的实验的材料、步骤和注意事项。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“We used test tubes for three sets of primary colors.”（我们用试管测出三组原色。），第四句“First, add red, yellow, and blue food coloring (one color per test tube) in order.”（首先，依次加入红色、黄色和蓝色食用色素(每个试管一种颜色)。）和第七句“Cut thin strips of white paper towel to fit in the test tubes.”（切出薄薄的白纸巾条以适应试管。）可知，实验需要的材料有试管、食用色素和纸巾。故选A。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第五句“Give each test tube a little stir (搅拌)to evenly distribute the color.”（把每个试管稍微搅拌一下，使颜色均匀分布。）可知，在实验中你应该搅拌每个试管使颜色均匀。故选D。
【17题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第五句“As the paper towels absorb the colored water, the water travels up the towel strip.”（由于纸巾吸收了有颜色的水，水沿着纸巾条向上流动。）可知，试管中的水可以行走，因为毛巾纤维吸收水分并允许其流动。故选B。
C
Life in the Clear
Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window. These animals typically live between the surface of the ocean and a depth of about 3,300 feet---as far as most light can reach. Most of them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch. Sonke Johnsen, a scientist in biology, says, “These animals live through their life alone. They never touch anything unless they’re eating it, or unless something is eating them.”
And they are as clear as glass. How does an animal become see-through It s trickier than you might think.
The objects around you are visible because they interact with light. Light typically travels in a straight line. But some materials slow and scatter (散射) light, bouncing it away from its original path. Others absorb light, stopping it dead in its tracks. Both scattering and absorption make an object look different from other objects around it, so you can see it easily.
But a transparent object doesn’t absorb or scatter light, at least not very much. Light can pass through it without bending or stopping. That means a transparent object doesn’t look very different from the surrounding air or water. You don’t see it you see the things behind it.
To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. Living materials can stop light because they contain pigments (色素) that absorb specific colors of light. But a transparent animal doesn’t have pigments, so its tissues won’t absorb light. According to Johnsen, avoiding absorption is actually easy. The real challenge is preventing light from scattering.
Animals are built of many different materials---skin, fat, and more---and light moves through each at a different speed. Every time light moves into a material with a new speed, it bends and scatters. Transparent animals use different tricks to fight scattering. Some animals are simply very small or extremely flat. Without much tissue to scatter light, it is easier to be see-through. Others build a large, clear mass of non-living jelly-like (果冻状的) material and spread themselves over it.
Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. They need to look uniform. But how they’re doing it is still unknown. One thing is clear: for these larger animals, staying transparent is an active process. When they die, they turn a non-transparent milky white.
18. According to Paragraph 1,transparent animals .
A. stay in groups B. can be easily damaged
C. appear only in deep ocean D. are beautiful creatures
19. The underlined word “dead” in Paragraph 3 means .
A. silently B. gradually
C. regularly D. completely
20. One way for an animal to become transparent is to .
A. change the direction of light travel B. gather materials to scatter light
C. avoid the absorption of light D. grow bigger to stop light
21. The last paragraph tells us that larger transparent animals .
A. move more slowly in deep water
B. stay see-through even after death
C. produce more tissues for their survival
D. take effective action to reduce light spreading
【答案】18. B 19. D 20. C 21. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了生活在海洋的透明生物的特点，透明原理，以及形成机制。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三行“Mostof them are extremely delicate and can be damaged by a simple touch”可知，透明动物是很容易受伤的。故选B。
【19题详解】
词义猜测题。该词出现在文章第三段第三行。前文提到了：你能看到的物体一种是对光线进行了散射；而另外一种是对光线的吸收。既然吸收了，那在光的传播过程中就完全阻止了，因此这里dead是完全的意思。故选D。
【20题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“To become transparent, an animal needs to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light.”可知，想变透明就要避免散射或吸收光线，因此其中的一个方法是C选项，避免光线的吸收。故选C。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句中的“Larger transparent animals have the biggest challenge, because they have to make all the different tissues in their bodies slow down light exactly as much as water does. ”可知，体型较大的透明动物面临的挑战最大，因为它们必须让体内所有不同的组织减缓光线的速度，就像减缓水的速度一样。由此判断出，他在最后一段告诉我们，更大的透明动物会采取有效的行动来减少光的扩散。故选D。
D
For today’s increasingly interconnected food supply chains, “efficient” is what it’s supposed to be: Each country specializes in what it’s best, at and puts it on the global market. Producers and processors within countries specialize, too, as a way to minimize costs. As a result, at least in theory, prices stay low, the world gets fed and everyone wins.
However, the coronavirus crisis demonstrates what is wrong with this approach. When barriers prevent food from reaching its markets, or demand suddenly drops — both of which are happening now — the system falls apart.
Specialization of the food system makes it hard to shift into different markets when disruptions arise. Belgium, a leading exporter of potatoes, lost sales not only to local restaurants but also to other countries because of lockdowns（封锁）. At least the Belgians can try to eat the potatoes at home. That strategy won't work for every crop: Ghana, the world’s top cocoa exporter, lost markets when people stalled focusing on buying essential items instead of chocolate.
The loss in export income in Africa more generally could have a huge impact if the pandemic continues, as many countries there rely heavily on imported wheat and rice. The prices of these grains have soared not only because of rising demand for these grains during the crisis, but also because a few countries — including Russia and Vietnam — imposed export restrictions out of fear that sending food abroad would lead to higher prices at home.
Concentrated markets dominated by just a handful of companies heighten food system fragility. For example, just three meatpacking plants process over 95 percent of Canada’s beef and nearly all of its beef exports. Now, those meat processing plants have had to temporarily shut down because of outbreaks of COVID-19 among workers.
Seeing the spoiled products across the world should force all of us to rethink our “efficient” food supplies. We need to rejuvenate（使恢复活力）local and regional food systems to reduce the vulnerabilities that come with being too reliant on imported and corporate-dominated foods. This doesn’t mean cutting off all trade or abolishing all packaged foods, but it does mean building diversity, and increasing opportunities for small and medium-scale enterprises to flourish in shorter, more sustainable food supply chains that are closer to home.
One place to start is for governments to shift their support from the large-scale, specialized and export-oriented food system to building infrastructure for more diverse local food systems. Around the world, small-scale and organic producers have been overwhelmed with the surge in interest from customers who want to buy directly from farmers during the crisis. But these producers often lack the infrastructure to meet that demand. As governments around the world pass stimulus packages to address the crisis, building more diverse and localized food systems should be an obvious inclusion.
22. In theory, specialization of the food system ________.
A. adapts to changes efficiently B. balances supply and demand
C. focuses on essential items D. reduces costs of production
23. The underlined word “fragility” in Paragraph 5 means ________.
A. weakness B. diversity
C. unfairness D. complexity
24. What can we learn from the passage
A. A few countries restrict exports to stabilize local food prices.
B. Grain prices rise due to Africa’s dependence on importation.
C. Ghana might be less affected by lockdowns than Belgium was.
D. Packaged-food consumption should be encouraged to address the crisis.
25. The main purpose of this passage is to ________.
A. expose food security issues during the crisis
B. advocate establishing diverse local food systems
C. discuss the development of a sustainable economy
D. prove the importance of sound government policies
【答案】22. D 23. A 24. A 25. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章讲述了，从理论上讲，粮食系统的专业化降低了生产成本，但新冠肺炎疫情的爆发暴露了这种方法的问题，文章通过对实例的讨论表明建立多样化的地方食品体系势在必行。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Producers and processors within countries specialize, too, as a way to minimize costs.”（各国的生产商和加工者也进行专业化，以尽量降低成本。）可知，从理论上讲，粮食系统的专业化降低了生产成本。故选D项。
【23题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第五段第二句“For example, just three meatpacking plants process over 95 percent of Canada’s beef and nearly all of its beef exports. ”（例如，仅三家肉类加工厂就加工了加拿大95%以上的牛肉和几乎所有的牛肉出口。），第三句“Now, those meat processing plants have had to temporarily shut down because of outbreaks of COVID-19 among workers.”（现在，由于工人中爆发了COVID-19病毒，这些肉类加工厂不得不暂时关闭。）和第六段第二句“We need to rejuvenate（使恢复活力）local and regional food systems to reduce the vulnerabilities that come with being too reliant on imported and corporate-dominated foods.”（我们需要振兴地方和区域食品体系，以减少过于依赖进口和企业主导的食品带来的脆弱性。）可知，此处是指由少数几家公司主导的集中市场加剧了食品体系的脆弱性。所以fragility意为“脆弱”。故选A项。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“The prices of these grains have soared not only because of rising demand for these grains during the crisis, but also because a few countries — including Russia and Vietnam — imposed export restrictions out of fear that sending food abroad would lead to higher prices at home.”（这些粮食的价格飙升，不仅是因为危机期间对这些粮食的需求不断上升，还因为包括俄罗斯和越南在内的一些国家，由于担心把粮食出口到国外会导致国内价格上涨，实施了出口限制。）可知，少数国家限制粮食出口以稳定当地食品价格。故选A项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“One place to start is for governments to shift their support from the large-scale, specialized and export-oriented food system to building infrastructure for more diverse local food systems.”（首先，政府将其支持从大规模、专门化和出口导向的粮食系统转向为更多样化的地方粮食系统建设基础设施。）和最后一句“As governments around the world pass stimulus packages to address the crisis, building more diverse and localized food systems should be an obvious inclusion.”（随着世界各国政府通过刺激方案来应对危机，建立更加多样化和地方化的食品体系显然应该包括在内。）可知，文章的主要目的是倡导建立多样化的地方食品体系。故选B项。
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
What Are the Roots of Your Self-Esteem
Self-esteem is a person's subjective assessment of his or her worth to himself or herself. Self- esteem covers various beliefs about oneself (such as 'Tm a failure" and "I'm beautiful") as well as physiological states, including sadness, joy, and shame. The more we believe that we are worthy of happiness and good things in life, the more self-fulfilled we will be. When we don't believe that we are worthy of these things, our ability to enjoy them can suffer. ____26____
Healthy self-esteem as an adult can be a gift given in your childhood. It is a blessing that most people overlook. There are so many ways adults with high self-esteem were supported as children that resulted in them having high self-esteem. For instance, they were praised for what they had achieved.
____27____They likely experienced affection and were given enough attention. It is also possible that they excelled in studies or in sports and were admired for it by peers.
____28____As children, many of these people were criticized, yelled at, or abused in one way or another. There is also a high chance that they were given no attention by the adults who were supposed to care for them. In some cases, adults with poor self-esteem were often ridiculed for their shortcomings or bullied by peers.
It is common that these adults also believe that in order to be appreciated they need to be perfect.
____29____There are people who are obsessed with their careers or hobbies because in their mind they need to tie their worthiness to something concrete. Oftentimes these people have to pretend to be something they are not just to get approval.
How you feel about yourself impacts how you live your life. People with high self-esteem tend to have better relationships than those with low self-esteem. ____30____ So if you struggle to reach out for assistance, it could be rooted in your low self-esteem.
A. There is also a good chance that they were spoken to respectfully.
B. When we start to doubt what's important in life, we tend to do less of it.
C. Since self-esteem is connected to how we perform, it is important to work on it.
D. People with poor self-esteem, on the other hand, often experienced the opposite.
E. This creates an image in their mind that without accomplishment they are worthless.
F. They face failure too, but they understand that failure or success doesn't define them.
G. High self-esteem enables you to ask for help and support from the people around you when you need it.
【答案】26. B 27. A 28. D 29. E 30. G
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。自尊是一个人对自己价值的主观评价。自尊包括对自己的各种信念和生理状态。文章对高自尊和低自尊的人进行了对比和说明。
【26题详解】
根据前文“When we don't believe that we are worthy of these things, our ability to enjoy them can suffer. (当我们不相信自己值得拥有这些东西时，我们享受它们的能力就会受到伤害)”可知，此处是指当我们对人生和自己产生怀疑时，就会有不好的影响。所以选项B. When we start to doubt what's important in life, we tend to do less of it. (当我们开始怀疑生活中重要的东西，我们往往会对此做得更少)切合文意，且和前文句式相同。故选B。
【27题详解】
根据后文“They likely experienced affection and were given enough attention. It is also possible that they excelled in studies or in sports and were admired for it by peers. (他们可能经历了感情，并得到了足够的关注。也有可能他们在学习或体育方面表现优异，并因此受到同龄人的崇拜)”可知，此处是指他们被怀有敬意地对待，所以选项A. There is also a good chance that they were spoken to respectfully. (也有一个很好的机会让人们向他们尊敬地说话)切合文意。故选A。
【28题详解】
根据后文“In some cases, adults with poor self-esteem were often ridiculed for their shortcomings or bullied by peers. (在某些情况下，缺乏自尊的成年人经常因为自己的缺点而被嘲笑或被同龄人欺负)”可知，此处是讲缺乏自尊的人往往不被尊重，所以选项D. People with poor self-esteem, on the other hand, often experienced the opposite. (另一方面，缺乏自尊的人所经历的往往恰恰相反)切合文意。故选D。
【29题详解】
根据前文“It is common that these adults also believe that in order to be appreciated they need to be perfect. (这些成年人也普遍认为，为了被欣赏，他们需要变得完美)”可知，选项E中的this是指人们认为为了被欣赏他们需要变得完美，根据后文“There are people who are obsessed with their careers or hobbies because in their mind they need to tie their worthiness to something concrete. (有些人痴迷于自己的事业或爱好，因为在他们的脑海中，他们需要把自己的价值与具体的东西联系起来)”可知，有些人往往把自己的价值和成就联系在一起，所以选项E. This creates an image in their mind that without accomplishment they are worthless. (这在他们的脑海中造成了一种形象，没有成就，他们是毫无价值的)切合文意。故选E。
【30题详解】
根据后文“So if you struggle to reach out for assistance, it could be rooted in your low self-esteem. (所以如果你挣扎着去寻求帮助，那可能是因为你的自卑)”可知，自尊心高的人不会纠结于是否要寻求帮助，所以选项G. High self-esteem enables you to ask for help and support from the people around you when you need it. (高自尊能让你在需要的时候向周围的人寻求帮助和支持)切合文意。故选G。
第三部分：语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Beijing residents woke up to yellow sky on Sunday morning as northern China ____31____ (hit) by the largest sandstorm of the decade.
Air pollution readings rose to the upper limit of 500 at 8 a.m., according to data from the city's environmental monitory center, as visibility was reduced to ____32____ (little) than 1,000 meters in parts of the city.
The city's weather bureau advised residents to stay indoors as much as possible, while experts are working to find out ____33____ the sandstorm came into being.
【答案】31. was hit/had been hit/was being hit 32. less 33. how/why
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了中国北方遭遇的一场十年来最大的沙尘暴。
【31题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：周日早上，北京居民一觉醒来就看到了黄色的天空，中国北方遭遇了（正在遭遇）十年来最大的沙尘暴。此处缺乏谓语，动词hit意为“袭击”，和主语northern China构成被动关系，主语是单数，谓语也用单数形式。根据“Beijing residents woke up to yellow sky on Sunday morning”可知，此处是讲过去的事，可以用一般过去时的被动语态；也可以表示中国北方先遭遇了沙尘暴，北京居民一觉醒来就看到了黄色的天空，即“过去的过去”，这样应使用过去完成时的被动语态；还可以表示中国北方正在遭遇沙尘暴，北京居民一觉醒来就看到了黄色的天空，这样应使用过去进行时的被动语态。故填was hit/had been hit/was being hit。
【32题详解】
考查比较级。句意：北京市环境监测中心的数据显示，上午8点，空气污染指数升至500的上限，部分地区能见度降至不到1000米。根据than可知，此处应用比较级。故填less。
【33题详解】
考查宾语从句引导词。句意：北京市气象局建议居民尽量待在室内，同时专家们正在调查沙尘暴是如何（为何）形成的。介词out后接宾语从句，根据“experts are working to find out”可知，此处是指调查沙尘暴是如何形成的或为何形成的，所以应用how或why引导宾语从句。故填how/why。
B
语法填空
Speaking of map apps, some users have found that they are useful for more than just ____34____ (find) one’s way. One man, San Francisco’s Lenny Maughan, uses them to make works of art.
Lenny runs everywhere he can. Wherever he goes, he tracks his progress ____35____ using an app, such as Map MyRun or Strava. As he runs, the app traces a line along the path he follows. So, to make his runs more fun, Lenny decided to run in patterns that ____36____ (make) amazing images. To date, he has shared runs that have turned into images of a heart, a portrait of artist Frida Kahlo, and more.
【答案】34. finding
35. by 36. would make
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了莱尼·莫恩(Lenny Maughan)有趣的跑步方法。
【34题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：说到地图应用程序，一些用户发现它们的用处不仅仅是找路。介词than后面，需加动名词finding作宾语。故填finding。
【35题详解】
考查介词。句意：无论他走到哪里，他都会使用Map MyRun或Strava等应用程序来跟踪自己的进度。此处表示“通过”应用介词by。故填by。
【36题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：所以，为了让他的跑步更有趣，莱尼决定以能产生惊人图像的模式跑步。根据“decided”和“amazing images”可知，此处使用过去将来时。故填would make。
C
语法填空
In 2016, I unpacked my luggage at a newly constructed New York hotel only to realize that I ____37____ (forget) my toothpaste. I called room service, and an ____38____ (energy) voice responded, “Someone will bring it right up.” Two minutes later, I opened my door only to discover an object resembling a trash can on wheels, equipped with a lid, a large button and a small digital screen. I cautiously pushed the button and the lid opened, revealing a toothpaste tube. The digital display flashed “Thank you”. The robotic ____39____ (visit) then turned around and rolled away. Before it disappeared, I snapped a photo, sending it to a friend, ____40____ later responded, “Wow, so cool!”
【答案】37. had forgotten
38. energetic
39. visitor
40. who
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者入住一家酒店打开行李时发现自己忘带了牙膏，于是客房服务派了一个机器人来为作者送牙膏。
【37题详解】
考查时态。句意：2016年，我在纽约一家新建的酒店里打开行李箱，却发现忘记带牙膏了。忘记带牙膏发生在打开行李箱之前，即发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，故填had forgotten。
38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：我叫了客房服务，一个充满活力的声音回应道:“马上就有人把它送上来。”此处应用形容词energetic作定语，修饰名词voice，故填energetic。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：然后机器人访客转身滚开了。此处应用名词visitor作主语，此处特指这个机器人访问者，应用单数，故填visitor。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在它消失之前，我拍了一张照片，发给了一个朋友，他后来回应说: “哇，太酷了！”空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词friend，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，应用who引导定语从句，故填who。
第四部分：词汇填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)
41. When I stepped into the surgery, the doctor was busy ________ a patient. (examine)（所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】examining
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：当我走进手术室时，医生正忙着给病人做检查。分析句子结构可知，此处应为固定短语be busy (in) doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”，所以此处应使用动名词形式examining作宾语，且表示主动意义。故填examining。
42. Seeing his wallet in his bag, he blushed with ________ (embarrass). （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】embarrassment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：看到钱包在他的包里，他尴尬地脸红了。此处应用名词embarrassment作介词with的宾语，为不可数名词，故填embarrassment。
43. We laugh a lot when watching a comedy because of the ________ plots and funny acts. (humour) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】humorous
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：我们看喜剧时笑得很开心，因为有幽默的情节和滑稽的表演。此处应用形容词humorous作定语，表示“幽默的”，修饰名词plots，故填humorous。
44. Mike goes to the gym ________to do some weight lifting and jogging. (regular) （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】regularly
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：Mike定期去健身房做一些举重和慢跑。修饰动词短语goes to the gym，需用副词regularly，作状语。故填regularly。
45. After attending the lecture, we all raised the ________ of living a green life. (aware) （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】awareness
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：听完讲座后，我们都提高了过绿色生活的意识。此处应用名词awareness作宾语，不可数，故填awareness。
46. The audience who have seen the performance of Atkinson are ________ that he has a genius for comedy. (convince) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】convinced
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：看过阿特金森表演的观众都相信他有喜剧天赋。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作表语，convince的形容词为convinced意为“坚信的”和convincing意为“令人信服的”，结合句意可知，此处表示“坚信的”符合句意。故填convinced。
47. As a psychologist, he has helped some patients suffering from ________, depression, and eating disorders. (anxious) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】anxiety
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：作为一名心理学家，他帮助过一些患有焦虑症、抑郁症和饮食失调症的病人。此处应用名词anxiety作suffering from宾语，表示“焦虑”，不可数，故填anxiety。
48. It is quite ________ to see him wearing a funny hat and making faces. (amuse) （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】amusing
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：看到他戴着一顶滑稽的帽子做鬼脸真是十分有趣。句中it作形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语，空处作句子表语，应用形容词amusing，表示“有趣的”，故填amusing。
49. I wrote him an email to show my congratulations on ________ the master’s degree. (obtain) （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】obtaining
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我给他写了一封电子邮件，祝贺他获得硕士学位。此处应用动名词形式obtaining，作介词on的宾语，故填obtaining。
50. The headmaster made an official ________ saying that all of us could not use the smart phones on campus. (announce) （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】announcement
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：校长发表了一项正式声明，说我们所有人都不能在校园里使用智能手机。此处应用名词announcement作宾语，由an可知，应用名词的单数形式作宾语，故填announcement。
第五部分：书面表达（共 35 分）
第一节 翻译句子（共 5 小题；每小题 3 分，共 15 分）
51. 当他们早晨醒来时，惊讶地发现帐篷被偷了。（astonished）（汉译英）
【答案】When they woke up in the morning, they were astonished to find that their tent had been stolen.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句、宾语从句、形容词和不定式。根据句意。该句描述的为过去的事情，所以该句使用一般过去时，表示“当他们早晨醒来时”应为when引导的时间状语从句，位于句首时，首字母需大写，表示“醒来”应为wake up，用于一般过去时应为woke up，表示“早晨”应为in the morning，所以从句应译为When they woke up in the morning；表示“惊讶地发现”应为be astonished to find，其中to find应为不定式作原因状语，该句的主语与从句的主语一致，应为they，谓语动词be应使用were，表示“帐篷被偷了”应为宾语从句作find的宾语，表示“帐篷”应为their tent作宾语从句的主语，表示“偷”应为steal，与句子主语their tent之间为被动关系，且该动作发生在过去的过去，所以宾语从句应使用过去完成时的被动语态had been stolen，且宾语从句中不缺主语和宾语，句意完整，所以使用that引导的宾语从句，所以宾语从句译为that their tent had been stolen。故翻译为When they woke up in the morning, they were astonished to find that their tent had been stolen。
52. Mr. Atkinson完全依靠身体语言来体现他的幽默，这让他成为世界知名的喜剧演员。（rely on; 定语从句）（汉译英）
【答案】Mr. Atkinson completely relys on body language to convey his humor, which has made him a world-renowned comedian.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态，动词短语和定语从句。“Mr. Atkinson完全依靠身体语言来体现他的幽默”为主句，“这让他成为世界知名的喜剧演员。”为定语从句，先行词代指前面整个句子，应用which引导非限制性定语从句，“依靠”为动词短语rely on，“完全”为副词completely作状语，修饰动词短语，“来体现他的幽默”表示目的，应用不定式作目的状语，“体现”为动词convey，“他的幽默”为his humor，定语从句用现在完成时，“使某人成为”为make sb.+宾补，“世界知名的”为形容词world-renowned，“喜剧演员”为名词comedian，作宾语补足语，故整句翻译为Mr. Atkinson completely relys on body language to convey his humor, which has made him a world-renowned comedian.
53. 当老师进来的时候，学生们正在讨论如何分类垃圾。（sort）（汉译英）
【答案】The students were discussing how to sort rubbish when the teacher came in.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句和动词。根据句意，该句描述的是过去的事情，表示“当老师进来的时候”应使用一般过去时，所以表示“进来”应为came in，结合句意，该句应为时间状语从句，使用when引导，故从句译为when the teacher came in；表示“学生们”应为the students作主语，位于句首，the的首字母需大写，表示“讨论”应为discuss，结合句意可知，此处描述的过去的某时间动作正在进行，所以使用过去进行时，表示“如何分类垃圾”应为how to sort rubbish，所以主句应译为The students were discussing how to sort rubbish。故翻译为The students were discussing how to sort rubbish when the teacher came in。
54. 乘坐公共交通和使用共享自行车是减少交通堵塞好方法。（-ing 作主语） （汉译英）
【答案】Taking public transportation and using shared bikes are good ways to reduce traffic jams.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词时态。表示“乘坐公共交通”应用take public transportation；表示“和”应用and；表示“使用共享自行车”应用use shared bikes，take public transportation和use shared bikes为主语，使用动名词形式；表示“是”应用be，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为并列的动名词短语，be动词用are；表示“好方法”应用good ways；表示“减少交通堵塞”应用reduce traffic jams，修饰名词ways，需用动词不定式作后置定语。故翻译成：Taking public transportation and using shared bikes are good ways to reduce traffic jams.。
55. 我奶奶去购物时，经常使用可重复使用的袋子而不用塑料袋。（plastic） （汉译英）
【答案】My grandmother often uses reusable bags instead of plastic ones when she goes shopping.
【解析】
【详解】考查状语从句、动词、名词和形容词。根据句意，表示“我的奶奶”应为my grandmother作主语，my位于句首时，首字母需大写，表示“经常”应为often，由此可知，该句使用一般现在时，表示“使用”应为use作谓语，与主语之间为主动关系，且句子主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语使用uses，表示“可重复使用的袋子”应为reusable bags，表示“而不使用塑料袋”应为instead of plastic ones，其中ones指代上文中的bags，为泛指意义，所以主句应译为My grandmother often uses reusable bags instead of plastic ones；表示“我奶奶去购物时”应为时间状语从句，引导词为when，主语与主句主语一致，所以使用she指代，表示“去购物”应为go shopping，根据主句中的谓语动词uses可知，此处使用一般现在时，与主语之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数，所以从句应译为when she goes shopping。故翻译为My grandmother often uses reusable bags instead of plastic ones when she goes shopping。
第二节（共 20 分）
56. 假设你是高三学生李华，得知你的美国笔友Peter暑假要来中国旅游并在北京停留一天。有两条游览路线让他犹豫不决：1. 长城一日游；2. 天安门广场、故宫一日游。Peter想征询你的意见。请你根据以下内容，给他写一封电子邮件。内容包括：
1. 欢迎他来北京旅游；
2. 推荐路线并说明理由；
3. 提出可以陪他游览一天。(Word limit:80-100)
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Peter,
How are things going
I’m so excited to hear that you are coming to Beijing this winter vacation. I just can’t wait to see you.
Regarding your two choices of how to spend the day, I’d like to recommend the second, a one day tour of the Forbidden City and the Tian’anmen Square. As the largest museum of culture and art in China, and the centre of the Beijing city, the two scenic spots have been regarded as must-see attractions, especially for those who will visit Beijing for only one day. Don’t worry about the tour guide. I can accompany you throughout the day. We’re sure to have a good time.
I hope my suggestion will be of some help to you. If you have any other questions, just write to me.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的推荐信。要求考生给美国笔友Peter写一封电子邮件，向其推荐一条北京一日游路线并说明理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
关于：regarding→ in regard to/concerning
被视作：be regarded as → be considered as
肯定：sure→ certain
有帮助的：be of help→ be helpful
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Don’t worry about the tour guide. I can accompany you throughout the day.
拓展句：Don’t worry about the tour guide, because I can accompany you throughout the day.
【点睛】【高分句型1】I’m so excited to hear that you are coming to Beijing this winter vacation.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】As the largest museum of culture and art in China, and the centre of the Beijing city, the two scenic spots have been regarded as must-see attractions, especially for those who will visit Beijing for only one day.（运用了who引导的定语从句）
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