卷子答案网-一个不只有答案的网站II. Grammar and vocabulary语法词汇 14分
Section A-grammar
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Background music may seem harmless, but it can have a powerful effect on those who hear it. ____1____ (record) background music first found its way into factories, shops and restaurants in the U. S. But it soon ____2____ (spread) to other parts of the world. Now it is becoming increasingly difficult to go shopping or eat a meal without listening to music.
To begin with, background music was intended simply ____3____ (create) a comfortable atmosphere, Nowadays, however, it’s become a big business. Dr. Ronald Milliman, an American marketing expert, has shown that music can increase sales or factory production by as much as a third.
But, it has to be light music. A fast one has no effect at all ____4____ sales. Slow music can increase sales by 38%. This is probably ____5____ shoppers slow down and have more opportunities to look for the things they like to buy. Yet, slow music meant customers took longer to eat their meals, ____6____ reduced sales. So restaurant owners might be advised to play up-tempo music to keep the customers ____7____ (move).
【答案】1. Recorded
2. spread 3. to create
4. on 5. because
6. which 7. moving
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了背景音乐看似无害，但却能对听众产生强大的影响。
【1题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：录制的背景音乐最早进入美国的工厂、商店和餐馆。分析句子结构可知，record与逻辑主语background music构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Recorded。
【2题详解】
考查时态。句意：但它很快就传播到了世界其他地方。描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填spread。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：首先，背景音乐只是为了营造一种舒适的氛围。固定短语intend to do sth.表示“为了”。故填to create。
【4题详解】
考查介词。句意：快一点对销售没有任何影响。固定短语on sales表示“销售”，故填on。
【5题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：这可能是因为购物者放慢了速度，有更多的机会寻找他们喜欢购买的东西。此处引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”，应用because。故填because。
【6题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：然而，缓慢的音乐意味着顾客需要更长的时间吃饭，这降低了销售额。此处为非限制性定语从句，关系词指代上文整个句子，作从句主语，应用which引导。故填which。
【7题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，建议餐馆老板播放快节奏的音乐，让顾客动起来。此处move与customers构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作宾补。故填moving。
Section B - Vocabulary
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. target B. random C. seemingly D. engaging E. carefully F. awareness G. campaign H. improve
Have you ever been on social media and seen your favourite celebrity talking about a product These endorsements (名人代言)might not be totally _____8_____, and are actually seen as a vital part of the marketing process. The question is: What do these endorsements actually do
Firstly, they can be used to build brand _____9_____. A social media influencer should have a strong understanding of the platform they operate on, and therefore can create _____10_____ content that not only sticks to the brand image, but sparks their followers’ interests in a product they might never have seen before.
Secondly, influencers can _____11_____ a company or product’s relationship with their customer base. According to US Retail CX Trends Report on customer loyalty, 77% of buyers have been brand loyal for more than ten years. A popular celebrity can _____12_____ key demographics (客户群) and talk or blog about a product, which can create an instant and lasting bond with the consumer.
Lastly, influencers can improve customer buying habits with _____13_____ ‘unbiased opinions’. We are more likely to respond to ‘peer recommendation’ than traditional ads, meaning the fact we see an influencer as a ‘friend’ can make us less likely to be doubt what we are seeing.
So, the next time you see a celebrity talking about a product, you might want to consider that this could be a _____14_____ crafted marketing strategy designed to target your core needs. If you find yourself perusing a product you’ve seen on social media, you may well have been influenced.
【答案】8 B 9. F
10. D 11. H
12. A 13. C
14. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交媒网红是如何影响我们的购买行为的。
【8题详解】
考查形容词。句意：这些名人代言可能并不完全是随机的，实际上它们被视为营销过程中至关重要的一部分。副词totally后用形容词，在句中作表语，形容词random为“随机的”之意。结合句意，故选B。
【9题详解】
考查名词。句意：首先，它们可以用来建立品牌意识。句中用名词作动词build的宾语。名词awareness 为“意识”之意。结合句意，故选F。
【10题详解】
考查形容词。句意：一个社交媒体影响者应该对他们所运营的平台有深刻的理解，因此可以创建吸引人的内容，不仅能坚持品牌形象，还能激发粉丝对他们可能从未见过的产品的兴趣。名词content前用形容词修饰。形容词engaging为“有吸引力的”之意。结合句意，故选D。
【11题详解】
考查动词。句意：其次，有影响力的人可以改善公司或产品与其客户群的关系。情态动词can后接动词原形。动词improve为改善”之意。结合句意，故选H。
【12题详解】
考查动词。句意：一个受欢迎的名人可以瞄准关键人群，谈论或写博客谈论一种产品，这可以与消费者建立一种即时而持久的联系。情态动词can后接动词原形。动词target为瞄准”之意。结合句意，故选A。
【13题详解】
考查副词。句意：最后，有影响力的人可以用看似“公正的意见”来改善客户的购买习惯。句中用副词形式作状语。副词seemingly为“似乎；看起来”之意。结合句意，故选C。
【14题详解】
考查副词。句意：所以，下次你看到名人谈论产品时，你可能要考虑这可能是一个精心设计的营销策略，旨在满足你的核心需求。修饰形容词crafted，前用副词修饰。副词carefully 为“仔细地，精心地”之意。结合句意，故选E。
III. Reading Comprehension 36分
Section A - Cloze 10分
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
How many times have you complained about airline food being tasteless New research suggests that, to a large degree, the reason for the “bad food” might just be a change in our ability to perceive taste.
The Fraunhofer Institute, a German research organization, conducted a study on why a dish that would be perfectly ____15____ in a restaurant would seem unattractive while in the air. In a mock aircraft cabin, researchers tried out ingredients at both sea level and in a pressurized condition.
The air inside an airplane cabin is 15 percent drier than the air that we would ____16____ breathe while on the ground. In an environment like this, our powers of smell begin to drift away. ____17____ actually starts to deteriorate the moment we step on a plane. The situation worsens once the airplane begins to climb. In this situation, our nasal cavities swell (肿胀). The swelling messes with our taste buds, making food taste less ____18____. You know how dining in such conditions can be like if you have ever tried to eat while you are suffering from a cold or the flu. Research has also shown that the lower temperature and air pressure inside of an airplane can make it harder to detect aroma. These airborne molecules (空中的分子), by ____19____ the nose’s sensory cells, play an important role in the process of tasting.
____20____, vibrations from the air striking the hull (机身), as well as the roaring of the plane’s engines and the winds outside of it, collectively produce a rather constant “____21____”, which is equivalent to city traffic. Researchers have found that loud noises ____22____ our ability to appreciate sweet flavors.
All that being said, “bad food” can’t be blamed solely on the in-cabin conditions. Preparing and serving tasty food for passengers above the clouds is no ____23____ task. All meals must be cooked on the ground, which demands that the food be robust (味道浓郁的). Such ____24____ for mass production definitely ties down the chef’s hands.
15. A. intangible B. available C. acceptable D. incredible
16. A. originally B. normally C. respectively D. flexibly
17. A. Scent B. Sight C. Flavor D. Breath
18. A. rewarding B. amusing C. appetizing D. astonishing
19. A. adjusting B. stimulating C. evaluating D. consuming
20. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Moreover
21. A. movement B. noise C. strike D. problem
22. A. spread out B. hold back C. take away D. pull over
23. A. complex B. crucial C. easy D. ethical
24. A. requirement B. argument C. improvement D. treatment
【答案】15. C 16. B 17. A 18. C 19. B 20. D 21. B 22. B 23. C 24. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了德国研究机构弗劳恩霍夫研究所进行了一项研究，研究为什么在餐厅里完全可以接受的菜肴在航空中看起来没有吸引力。
【15题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：德国研究机构弗劳恩霍夫研究所进行了一项研究，研究为什么在餐厅里完全可以接受的菜肴在航空中看起来没有吸引力。A. intangible不可捉摸的；B. available可获得的；C. acceptable可接受的；D. incredible难以置信的。根据第一段“How many times have you complained about airline food being tasteless New research suggests that, to a large degree, the reason for the “bad food” might just be a change in our ability to perceive taste.(你有多少次抱怨过飞机餐没有味道？新的研究表明，在很大程度上，“坏食物”的原因可能只是我们感知味道的能力发生了变化)”可知，研究的主要内容是为什么在餐厅里完全可以接受的菜肴在航空中看起来没有吸引力。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：机舱内的空气比我们在地面上呼吸的空气要干燥15%。A. originally起初；B. normally正常地；C. respectively分别；D. flexibly灵活地。根据后文“breathe while on the ground”指地面上正常呼吸。故选B。
【17题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上，在我们踏上飞机的那一刻，气味就开始变差了。A. Scent香味，气味；B. Sight视力；C. Flavor风味；D. Breath呼吸。根据上文“In an environment like this, our powers of smell begin to drift away.(在这样的环境中，我们的嗅觉能力开始减弱)”可知，嗅觉减弱，气味就开始变差了。故选A。
【18题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：肿胀会扰乱我们的味蕾，使食物尝起来不那么开胃。A. rewarding有益的；B. amusing有趣的；C. appetizing开胃的；D. astonishing令人吃惊的。根据上文“The swelling messes with our taste buds, making food taste less”可知，肿胀会扰乱我们的味蕾，使食物尝起来不那么开胃。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过刺激鼻子的感觉细胞，这些空气中的分子在品尝过程中发挥着重要作用。A. adjusting调整；B. stimulating刺激；C. evaluating评估；D. consuming消耗。根据常识可知，空气中的分子会刺激鼻子的感觉细胞。故选B。
【20题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，撞击仓体的空气振动，以及飞机引擎的轰鸣声和外面的风，共同产生了一种相当持续的“噪音”，相当于城市交通的噪音。A. However然而；B. Therefore因此；C. Instead相反；D. Moreover此外。后文在继续说明飞机餐没有吸引力的其它原因。故选D。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，撞击仓体的空气振动，以及飞机引擎的轰鸣声和外面的风，共同产生了一种相当持续的“噪音”，相当于城市交通的噪音。A. movement活动；B. noise噪音；C. strike打击；D. problem问题。根据后文“loud noises”可知，这种是噪音。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究人员发现，巨大的噪音会阻碍我们欣赏甜美味道的能力。A. spread out展开；B. hold back抑制；C. take away带走；D. pull over停车。结合常识可知，巨大的噪音会阻碍我们欣赏甜美味道的能力。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为云层之上的乘客准备和提供美味的食物并非易事。A. complex复杂的；B. crucial重要的；C. easy容易的；D. ethical道德的。根据上文“All that being said, “bad food” can’t be blamed solely on the in-cabin conditions.(话虽如此，“糟糕的食物”不能完全归咎于机舱内的条件)”可推知，为云层之上的乘客准备和提供美味的食物并非易事。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种大批量生产的要求无疑束缚了厨师的手脚。A. requirement要求；B. argument争论；C. improvement改善；D. treatment治疗。根据上文“All meals must be cooked on the ground, which demands that the food be robust.(所有的饭菜都必须在地上煮，这就要求食物要结实)”可知，这种大批量生产的要求无疑束缚了厨师的手脚。故选A。
Section B - Passages 20分
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Chemists in mid-1500s Nuremburg had discovered that bird droppings were a rich source of saltpetre, a vital ingredient in the making of gunpowder. As a consequence pigeon droppings used to be almost as valuable as silver. Understandably, by the middle of the following century, there were an estimated 26,000 pigeon houses in Britain.
The practice of keeping the pigeon was introduced to Britain by the Romans. The Normans kept pigeons in specially constructed niches in castles and courtyards. When the pigeon houses in Britain were built, they were a vital source of meat and feathers. The latter were particularly prized as a source of warmth. Droppings gathered from the pigeon houses was a rich fertilizer, too.
The pigeon house was not only a source of food and revenue in medieval times, but also a status symbol. The privilege of building or owning pigeon houses was reserved for the rich. Towards the end of her rule, Queen Elizabeth I decided to open pigeon-breeding to the free market. Then, pigeon houses sprang up all over the countryside.
The number of pigeon houses across the British countryside was not universally welcomed. Each day the birds flew off to feed themselves on other people’s crops. By the middle of the 17th century, the problem of pigeons was so great that people feared that the destructive pigeons would turn England into a desert.
Luckily, an agricultural revolutionary, Charles Townsend, had introduced the turnip to Britain around 1700, keeping farm livestock fat enough to eat through the dark winter months. Later, vast quantities of natural saltpetre were discovered in Chile and California. Keeping pigeons went out of fashion.
Now, the homeless pigeons flew off to find somewhere else to live. One species discovered that Britain’s rapidly growing towns and cities were full of the sort of rock-faces they liked to rest on—humans called them “buildings”. Over time they’d become the wild urban pigeon that we know today.
25. Which of the following people in Britain would be least likely to keep pigeons in the late Middle Ages
A. Fruit growers. B. The nobles. C. Gunpowder makers. D. The miners.
26. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Farm livestock used to be too thin for lack of food in the dark months in Britain.
B. Townsend revolutionized agricultural development in Britain around 1700.
C. The Normans set an undesirable example of raising pigeons for the British people.
D. England was once faced with the threat of disappearance because of pigeons.
27. According to the passage, why are there so many pigeons in the cities in Britain today
A. Because people think it a sign of status and keep them to show off.
B. Because pigeons like to stay on hard surfaces which can be abundantly found in cities.
C. Because pigeons find enough food supplies when tourists and citizens feed them in squares.
D Because the government encourages pigeon raising as a profitable investment.
28. Which is the best title of the passage
A. A brief history of pigeon houses in Britain.
B. From function to fashion — the pigeon houses in Britain.
C. Profitable pigeon houses in Britain.
D. Pigeon houses in Britain as valuable as silver.
【答案】25. D 26. A 27. B 28. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国鸽子屋的历史演变以及鸽子在过去的作用。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Chemists in mid-1500s Nuremburg had discovered that bird droppings were a rich source of saltpetre, a vital ingredient in the making of gunpowder.(16世纪中期纽伦堡的化学家发现鸟粪中含有丰富的硝石，而硝石是制造火药的重要原料)”可知，火药制作者会养鸽子获取硝石；第二段中“Droppings gathered from the pigeon houses was a rich fertilizer, too.(从鸽舍里收集的粪便也是一种丰富的肥料)”可知，农民会养鸽子获取肥料；以及第三段中“The privilege of building or owning pigeon houses was reserved for the rich.(建造或拥有鸽舍的特权是留给富人的)”可知富人养鸽子，因此可知在中世纪晚期，英国矿工最不可能养鸽子。故选D。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Luckily, an agricultural revolutionary, Charles Townsend, had introduced the turnip to Britain around 1700, keeping farm livestock fat enough to eat through the dark winter months.(幸运的是，一位名叫查尔斯·汤森的农业革命者在1700年左右将萝卜引入了英国，使农场牲畜有足够的脂肪来吃，以度过黑暗的冬季)”可推知，在英国，在黑暗的冬季月份里，农场的牲畜因缺乏食物而过于瘦弱。故选A。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“One species discovered that Britain’s rapidly growing towns and cities were full of the sort of rock-faces they liked to rest on—humans called them “buildings”. Over time they’d become the wild urban pigeon that we know today.(其中一个物种发现，英国快速发展城镇到处都是它们喜欢栖息的那种岩壁——人们称它们为“建筑物”。随着时间的推移，它们变成了我们今天所知道的野生城市鸽子。)”可知，今天英国的城市里有这么多鸽子是因为鸽子喜欢呆在坚硬的表面上，在城市里可以找到很多坚硬的建筑物。故选B。
【28题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Chemists in mid-1500s Nuremburg had discovered that bird droppings were a rich source of saltpetre, a vital ingredient in the making of gunpowder. As a consequence pigeon droppings used to be almost as valuable as silver. Understandably, by the middle of the following century, there were an estimated 26,000 pigeon houses in Britain.(16世纪中期纽伦堡的化学家发现鸟粪中含有丰富的硝石，而硝石是制造火药的重要原料。因此，鸽子粪便过去几乎和白银一样值钱。可以理解的是，到下个世纪中叶，英国估计有26000个鸽子屋)”并结合下文主要说明了英国鸽子屋的历史演变以及鸽子在过去的作用。可推断A选项“英国鸽子屋的简史”最符合文章标题。故选A。
(B)
Samsung
Saying that Samsung makes great tablets might sound strange to someone not too familiar with their devices, but the company has made some interesting strides with tablets. And much like their phones, Samsung has a wide variety in their products, with the very affordable Tab A7/A8, to the high-end flagship S8 ultra. So if you’re team Android as opposed to Apple, Samsung is probably the way to go.
Best tablet: Samsung Galaxy Tab S8 Ultra
Microsoft
Microsoft has traditionally been a major player in computing so it’s no shock that they also make well-designed and more than capable tablets — the Microsoft Surface. With the idea of the Surface tablets being a 2-in-1 device, a tablet that can functionally run like a laptop, running windows, and featuring basically the same processors that you’d find in a laptop.
And with an additional keyboard, great displays and long battery life, the Surface tablets make for great machines for work or play respectively.
Best tablet: Microsoft Surface Pro 8
Amazon
Amazon does indeed make tablets and, they’re capable too. Amazon’s Fire HD tablets are firmly in the budget tablet range but that doesn’t make them less capable. In terms of size, they range from seven up to ten inches and even include a kids’ tablet for the young ones. So if you prefer tablets over ten inches, you may be wanting to look elsewhere.
But all in all, they’re a good shout for a first-time tablet buyer that isn’t looking to spend a few hundred pounds on a device, but still wants to watch videos or browse the web on the go.
Best tablet: Amazon Fire HD 10 plus
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29. To satisfy both work and entertainment purposes, which tablet would a consumer most probably choose
A. iPad Pro-12.9’’. B. Samsung Galaxy Tab S8 Ultra.
C. Microsoft Surface Pro 8. D. Amazon Fire HH plus.
30. Which tablet is the most suitable for a family on a tight budget who prefer small sizes
A. iPad Pro-12.9’’. B. Samsung Galaxy Tab S8 Ultra.
C. Microsoft Surface Pro 8. D. Amazon Fire HD 10 plus.
31. What is the purpose of this piece of writing
A. To rank tablet computer brands according to producers.
B. To encourage readers to purchase tablets via their website.
C. To inform readers about the latest models of tablets.
D. To carry out a product investigation.
【答案】29. C 30. D 31. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了三个品牌的笔记本电脑。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据Microsoft部分中“And with an additional keyboard, great displays and long battery life, the Surface tablets make for great machines for work or play respectively.(加上额外的键盘、出色的显示屏和较长的电池续航时间，Surface平板电脑可以分别成为工作和娱乐的好机器)”可知，要同时满足工作和娱乐的目的，消费者最有可能选择Microsoft Surface Pro 8。故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一部分“But all in all, they’re a good shout for a first-time tablet buyer that isn’t looking to spend a few hundred pounds on a device, but still wants to watch videos or browse the web on the go.(但总而言之，对于那些不打算花几百英镑购买平板电脑，但仍想在旅途中观看视频或浏览网页的首次购买平板电脑的人来说，这是一个不错的选择)”可知，Amazon Fire HD 10 plus最适合预算紧张、喜欢小尺寸的家庭。故选D。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“* This post contains affiliate links, so we may earn a small fee when you make a purchase through links on our site at no additional cost to you.( *此帖子包含会员链接，因此当您通过我们网站上的链接进行购买时，我们可能会赚取少量费用，而不需要您支付额外费用)”可知，这篇文章的目的是鼓励读者通过他们的网站购买平板电脑。故选B。
(C)
How is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family. The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.
Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each other’s lives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children aren’t getting the same one-on-one time with parents. But that doesn’t mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later-borns don’t enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”.
A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love-hate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.
One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained form their parents. (375words)
32. The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para.1) means ________.
A. in a different family environment B. in a different family tradition
C. in different family crises D. in different families
33. In terms of language development, later-borns ________.
A. get their parents’ individual guidance B. learn a lot from their elder siblings
C. experience a lot of difficulties D. pick up words more quickly
34. What was found about fights among siblings
A. Siblings hated fighting and loved playing. B. Siblings in some families fought frequently.
C. Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships. D. Siblings learned to get on together from fights.
【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了同一家庭出身的兄弟姐妹性格差异的原因，出生时间不同，对父母的体验也是完全不同的。对于父母的体验，第一个出生的孩子与以后出生的孩子会迥然不同；在语言发展上，后出生的孩子更喜欢向哥哥姐姐学习而不是向父母学习。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段中划线词后面的内容“The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival.(在一段时间内，长子是独生子女，因此父母对他的体验与后来出生的孩子完全不同。下一个孩子在一段时间内是最小的，直到新出生的孩子改变了这种情况)”可知，每一个孩子出生以及之后的成长的家庭环境是不同的。故划线短语与选项A“in a different family environment(在不同的家庭环境中)”意义相近。故选A。
【33题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“Later-borns don’t enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”.(后出生的孩子们不喜欢和父母有那么多的交谈时间，相反，他们会从哥哥姐姐那里学到东西，学会完整的短语，理解诸如“我”和“我”之间的区别等社会概念)”可知，后出生的孩子没有太多的时间与父母交谈，相反，他们会从年长的兄弟姐妹那里收获经验，学习完整的短语，理解一些社会概念，比如“I”和“me”的区别。由此可知，在语言发展方面，晚出生的孩子从他们的哥哥姐姐那里学到了很多东西。故选B。
34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.(即使是那些吵架最多的兄弟姐妹也和其他兄弟姐妹一样有积极的交流)”可知，即使是那些打架最多的兄弟姐妹，也和其他兄弟姐妹一样，有很多积极的交流。由此可推知，兄弟姐妹在争斗中学会相处。故选D。
Section C - 6分
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
The Last Straw
Every second, the world uses 160,000 plastic bags — that is a total of over five trillion per year. Up to 99 percent of these plastic bags hang around for at least 1,000 years and pollute Earth. And yet, plastic bags are hardly a necessity in our lives. Of all the changes we could make to create a more sustainable lifestyle, a total ban on plastic bags should be simple.
At the beginning of 2021, Shanghai put in effect a ban on all plastic bags in shopping malls and supermarkets, as well as a ban on non-degradable plastics in many other areas. Over the years, individuals and companies have worked to replace plastic items, such as cups and straws, with paper ones. ___35___.
Customers complain that paper straws often become soft and break before they can finish their hot drinks. Experts, however, have repeatedly stressed plastic substitutes (替代品) are not the ultimate solution, and that our consumption habits need a bigger change.
In college, one of my environmental science professors promoted a type of waste-free living. She carried around a small glass jar with her, and in it was all her trash she collected for the entire year. She was able to do this by bringing her own cup to Starbucks, her own bags to the shops, and never buying anything that came wrapped in plastic. Her food waste also became compost. ___36___.
Plastic bags are incredibly easy to forget about when they become increasingly common. ___37___. Once they are in the trash, we take it for granted that they are someone else’s problem. The sad fact is that plastic bags break down into microplastics which then get mixed into the air, soil and water, and eventually end up in plants, animals, and our very own human bodies. So what are you going to do about them
A. Clearly she demonstrated our ability to live a completely healthy life without creating a great deal of plastic waste.
B. Plastic bag litter has even caused great problems in some areas.
C. If they’re free to use and easily disposed of, they’re a mere tool that we don’t have to think about.
D. Some of these decisions have been met with criticism.
E. Unfortunately, such a high level of pollution doesn’t come without consequences.
【答案】35. D 36. A 37. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了塑料袋在我们的生活中不是必需品，但同时塑料袋也带来了污染问题。
【35题详解】
根据上文“At the beginning of 2021, Shanghai put in effect a ban on all plastic bags in shopping malls and supermarkets, as well as a ban on non-degradable plastics in many other areas. Over the years, individuals and companies have worked to replace plastic items, such as cups and straws, with paper ones.(2021年初，上海开始在商场和超市禁止使用所有塑料袋，并在许多其他地区禁止使用不可降解塑料。多年来，个人和公司一直在努力用纸质物品取代杯子和吸管等塑料物品)”可知，上文提到“多年来，个人和公司一直在努力用纸质物品取代杯子和吸管等塑料物品”，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明人们对这些决定的看法。故D选项“这些决定中的一些遭到了批评”符合语境，故选D。
【36题详解】
根据上文“In college, one of my environmental science professors promoted a type of waste-free living. She carried around a small glass jar with her, and in it was all her trash she collected for the entire year. She was able to do this by bringing her own cup to Starbucks, her own bags to the shops, and never buying anything that came wrapped in plastic. Her food waste also became compost.(大学时，我的一位环境科学教授提倡一种无浪费的生活方式。她随身带着一个小玻璃罐，里面装着她一年来收集的所有垃圾。她能够做到这一点，她自己带杯子去星巴克，自己带袋子去商店，从来不买任何塑料包装的东西。她的食物垃圾也变成了堆肥)”可知，上文提到食物垃圾也变成了堆肥，本句为本段最后一句，说明环境科学教授的实验结果：证明了我们有能力在不制造大量塑料垃圾的情况下过上完全健康的生活。故A选项“显然，她证明了我们有能力在不制造大量塑料垃圾的情况下过上完全健康的生活”符合语境，故选A。
【37题详解】
根据上文“Plastic bags are incredibly easy to forget about when they become increasingly common.(当塑料袋变得越来越普遍时，它们非常容易被遗忘)”以及后文“Once they are in the trash, we take it for granted that they are someone else’s problem. The sad fact is that plastic bags break down into microplastics which then get mixed into the air, soil and water, and eventually end up in plants, animals, and our very own human bodies. So what are you going to do about them (一旦它们被扔进垃圾桶，我们就理所当然地认为它们是别人的问题。令人遗憾的是，塑料袋会分解成微塑料，然后混合到空气、土壤和水中，最终进入植物、动物和我们自己的身体。那你打算怎么做呢？)”可知，上文提到了塑料袋容易被遗忘，后文则说“被扔进垃圾桶，我们就理所当然地认为它们是别人的问题”，可见本句是在说明使用垃圾袋时需要注意的问题。故C选项“如果它们可以自由使用，而且很容易被处理掉，它们只是一个我们不需要考虑的工具”符合语境，故选C。
第二卷
IV. (70.) Summary writing 8分
38. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
How to Deal with Pressures at School
As a high school student, if you are feeling stressed out or frustrated by teachers, classmates,or schoolwork，it is important to know that you aren't the only one． Believe it or not，everyone has these feelings at some point， and everyone should learn how to deal with them properly．
First of all， you need to keep a positive attitude and not take things to heart． That someone got a better grade than you doesn't mean that they are smarter—perhaps they studied longer or knew the material more． It's easy to become frustrated if you are not doing as well as your friends， but being optimistic will help you deal with future similar situations．
Secondly， if students at school are bullying you， know when to stand up for yourself． Don't let other classmates make you feel that you are not good enough． They are simply insecure and do not know how to deal with the pressures of school． They are just trying to make others feel bad， so they can feel better about themselves．
Lastly， it is necessary to keep things correctly． For any situation that is stressful， take a second look from a different point of view． When I look back to the frustrations of my high school days， I notice that many of them seem very unimportant to me now．
It's not easy to be confident when there are so many students who seem like they "have it all"，but try to realize that you, too, are good enough. It’s not a competition about who is smarter, more beautiful—everyone is different—so believe your individuality.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Every high school student feels frustrated at school sometimes and it’s necessary to learn how to handle it. Optimistic attitudes cheer you up when you are not doing well in studies. Be brave when others bully you due to their own lack of confidence. Looking at stressful situations differently relieves you. After all, you are unique and equally good.
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达是概要写作，要求概括每个高中生在学校有时都会感到沮丧，所以有必要学会如何处理。当你学习不好时，乐观的态度会使你振作起来；当别人因为自己缺乏自信而欺负你时要勇敢；以不同的方式看待压力会减轻你的压力。毕竟，你是独一无二的，同样优秀。注意词数要求和使用自己的语言。
【详解】1、写之前，需要认真仔细地读几遍原文材料，让理解更深刻。
2、遵循原文的逻辑顺序，对重要部分的主题、标题、细节进行概括，全面清晰地表明原文信息。
3、给摘要起一个好标题，比如：可以采用文中的主题句。
4、尽量使用自己的话完成，不要引用原文的句子，篇幅控制在原文的三分之一或四分之一长。
【点睛】范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有cheer sb up（使某人振作起来），be necessary to do（有必要做某事），do well in (在某方面做得好)，due to（由于）以及after all（毕竟），而且还使用了状语从句“Optimistic attitudes cheer you up when you are not doing well in studies.”及“Be brave when others bully you due to their own lack of confidence.”，形式主语“Every high school student feels frustrated at school sometimes and it’s necessary to learn how to handle it.”，非谓语动词“Looking at stressful situations differently relieves you.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
V. Translation 中译英 11分
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
39. 这项发明使她在学术圈内获得赞誉。(gain) (汉译英)
【答案】This invention gained her acclaim within the academic community
【解析】
【详解】考查动词，时态和介词短语。分析句子，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。主语“这项发明”用this invention；表示“获得赞誉”用gain sb. acclaim，结合句意中的“她”可知用 gained her acclaim；状语“在学术圈内”用within the academic community。故翻译为This invention gained her acclaim within the academic community.
40. 研究表明，每天吃些水果和蔬菜对健康很有好处。(highly beneficial) (汉译英)
【答案】Research has shown that consuming fruit and vegetables every day is highly beneficial for health.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词和形容词。表示“研究表明”用research has shown that…，此处表示动作过去发生到现在产生影响，使用现在完成时，同时that引导宾语从句，指出研究表明的内容；表示“每天吃些水果和蔬菜对健康很有好处”用consuming fruit and vegetables every day is highly beneficial for one’s health，该句中使用动名词作主语，“每天吃些水果和蔬菜”即consuming fruit and vegetables every day，“对……很有好处”用be highly beneficial for，宾语“健康”用health；句子表述客观事实，故用一般现在时。故翻译为Research has shown that consuming fruit and vegetables every day is highly beneficial for health.
41. 这位年轻教授嘴上说欢迎各种意见，但其实他对于别人的批评很敏感。(claim)(汉译英)
【答案】The young professor claims that he welcomes all kinds of opinions, but in fact he is very sensitive to criticism.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词、动词、形容词和短语。根据句意可知，本句的时态可用一般现在时；表示“年轻教授”可用短语the young professor作主语，且位于句首的首字母要大写；表示“嘴上说”可用动词claim作谓语，又因为主语是第三人称单数，所以此处谓语动词用claims；表示“欢迎各种意见”可用宾语从句that he welcomes all kinds of opinions来表示；表示“但是”可用连词but；表示“事实上”可用短语in fact；表示“对……敏感”可用短语be sensitive to；表示“批评”可用名词criticism。故答案为The young professor claims that he welcomes all kinds of opinions, but in fact he is very sensitive to criticism。
VI. (74.) Guided Writing 指导作文 15分
42. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是启明中学（Ming Qi Middle School）的李明，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。根据以下启事，写一封申请信（信中不能提到真实姓名和学校）。
启事
国际儿童基金会将资助中学生开展扶贫项目，以帮助贫困地区的儿童。申请成功者将获得项目经费2000元。
有意者请来信告知：
1） 你个人的基本情况；
2） 你对申请项目的基本设想；
3） 项目经费的使用计划。
联系方式: 2022hope@icf.org
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Guided Writing
Dear Sirs,
I’m Li Ming, a student from Ming Qi Middle School of Shanghai. As I’ve always been interested in charity, I’m writing to you in the hope that I could be given the 2,000-yuan fund to carry out my project to help children in poverty-stricken areas.
My poverty-relief program is divided into three parts. In the initial stage, I’ll try to purchase textbooks for subjects such as English and Maths. Given that new books are usually expensive, I’ll be on the look-out for good-quality second-hand books. The second stage of my program is to recruit high school students who have a strong desire to help pupils in poor areas. Surely they should be armed with relative knowledge to be qualified teachers. Lastly, we will set out for primary schools, which are selected and contacted in advance, to carry out our program.
As to how to allocate the money, I’d like to use 1,000 for textbooks, and the rest to pay for the travelling fee of volunteers.
I am looking forward to your reply, thanks!
Yours,
Li Ming
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生写一封申请信，申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。
【详解】1.词汇积累
开始的，最初的：original→initial
昂贵的：costly→expensive
渴望，意愿：willingness→desire
动身去某地：leave for…→set out for…
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Surely they should be armed with relative knowledge to be qualified teachers.
拓展句：Surely they should be armed with relative knowledge so that they can be qualified teachers.
【点睛】[高分句型1] The second stage of my program is to recruit high school students who have a strong desire to help pupils in poor areas. (运用了who引导的限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] Lastly, we will set out for primary schools, which are selected and contacted in advance, to carry out our program. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)II. Grammar and vocabulary语法词汇 14分
Section A-grammar
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Background music may seem harmless, but it can have a powerful effect on those who hear it. ____1____ (record) background music first found its way into factories, shops and restaurants in the U. S. But it soon ____2____ (spread) to other parts of the world. Now it is becoming increasingly difficult to go shopping or eat a meal without listening to music.
To begin with, background music was intended simply ____3____ (create) a comfortable atmosphere, Nowadays, however, it’s become a big business. Dr. Ronald Milliman, an American marketing expert, has shown that music can increase sales or factory production by as much as a third.
But, it has to be light music. A fast one has no effect at all ____4____ sales. Slow music can increase sales by 38%. This is probably ____5____ shoppers slow down and have more opportunities to look for the things they like to buy. Yet, slow music meant customers took longer to eat their meals, ____6____ reduced sales. So restaurant owners might be advised to play up-tempo music to keep the customers ____7____ (move).
Section B - Vocabulary
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. target B. random C. seemingly D. engaging E. carefully F. awareness G. campaign H. improve
Have you ever been on social media and seen your favourite celebrity talking about a product These endorsements (名人代言)might not be totally _____8_____, and are actually seen as a vital part of the marketing process. The question is: What do these endorsements actually do
Firstly, they can be used to build brand _____9_____. A social media influencer should have a strong understanding of the platform they operate on, and therefore can create _____10_____ content that not only sticks to the brand image, but sparks their followers’ interests in a product they might never have seen before.
Secondly, influencers can _____11_____ a company or product’s relationship with their customer base. According to US Retail CX Trends Report on customer loyalty, 77% of buyers have been brand loyal for more than ten years. A popular celebrity can _____12_____ key demographics (客户群) and talk or blog about a product, which can create an instant and lasting bond with the consumer.
Lastly, influencers can improve customer buying habits with _____13_____ ‘unbiased opinions’. We are more likely to respond to ‘peer recommendation’ than traditional ads, meaning the fact we see an influencer as a ‘friend’ can make us less likely to be doubt what we are seeing.
So, the next time you see a celebrity talking about a product, you might want to consider that this could be a _____14_____ crafted marketing strategy designed to target your core needs. If you find yourself perusing a product you’ve seen on social media, you may well have been influenced.
III. Reading Comprehension 36分
Section A - Cloze 10分
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
How many times have you complained about airline food being tasteless New research suggests that, to a large degree, the reason for the “bad food” might just be a change in our ability to perceive taste.
The Fraunhofer Institute, a German research organization, conducted a study on why a dish that would be perfectly ____15____ in a restaurant would seem unattractive while in the air. In a mock aircraft cabin, researchers tried out ingredients at both sea level and in a pressurized condition.
The air inside an airplane cabin is 15 percent drier than the air that we would ____16____ breathe while on the ground. In an environment like this, our powers of smell begin to drift away. ____17____ actually starts to deteriorate the moment we step on a plane. The situation worsens once the airplane begins to climb. In this situation, our nasal cavities swell (肿胀). The swelling messes with our taste buds, making food taste less ____18____. You know how dining in such conditions can be like if you have ever tried to eat while you are suffering from a cold or the flu. Research has also shown that the lower temperature and air pressure inside of an airplane can make it harder to detect aroma. These airborne molecules (空中的分子), by ____19____ the nose’s sensory cells, play an important role in the process of tasting.
____20____, vibrations from the air striking the hull (机身), as well as the roaring of the plane’s engines and the winds outside of it, collectively produce a rather constant “____21____”, which is equivalent to city traffic. Researchers have found that loud noises ____22____ our ability to appreciate sweet flavors.
All that being said, “bad food” can’t be blamed solely on the in-cabin conditions. Preparing and serving tasty food for passengers above the clouds is no ____23____ task. All meals must be cooked on the ground, which demands that the food be robust (味道浓郁的). Such ____24____ for mass production definitely ties down the chef’s hands.
15. A. intangible B. available C. acceptable D. incredible
16. A. originally B. normally C. respectively D. flexibly
17. A. Scent B. Sight C. Flavor D. Breath
18. A. rewarding B. amusing C. appetizing D. astonishing
19. A. adjusting B. stimulating C. evaluating D. consuming
20. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D. Moreover
21. A. movement B. noise C. strike D. problem
22. A. spread out B. hold back C. take away D. pull over
23. A. complex B. crucial C. easy D. ethical
24. A. requirement B. argument C. improvement D. treatment
Section B - Passages 20分
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Chemists in mid-1500s Nuremburg had discovered that bird droppings were a rich source of saltpetre, a vital ingredient in the making of gunpowder. As a consequence pigeon droppings used to be almost as valuable as silver. Understandably, by the middle of the following century, there were an estimated 26,000 pigeon houses in Britain.
The practice of keeping the pigeon was introduced to Britain by the Romans. The Normans kept pigeons in specially constructed niches in castles and courtyards. When the pigeon houses in Britain were built, they were a vital source of meat and feathers. The latter were particularly prized as a source of warmth. Droppings gathered from the pigeon houses was a rich fertilizer, too.
The pigeon house was not only a source of food and revenue in medieval times, but also a status symbol. The privilege of building or owning pigeon houses was reserved for the rich. Towards the end of her rule, Queen Elizabeth I decided to open pigeon-breeding to the free market. Then, pigeon houses sprang up all over the countryside.
The number of pigeon houses across the British countryside was not universally welcomed. Each day the birds flew off to feed themselves on other people’s crops. By the middle of the 17th century, the problem of pigeons was so great that people feared that the destructive pigeons would turn England into a desert.
Luckily, an agricultural revolutionary, Charles Townsend, had introduced the turnip to Britain around 1700, keeping farm livestock fat enough to eat through the dark winter months. Later, vast quantities of natural saltpetre were discovered in Chile and California. Keeping pigeons went out of fashion.
Now, the homeless pigeons flew off to find somewhere else to live. One species discovered that Britain’s rapidly growing towns and cities were full of the sort of rock-faces they liked to rest on—humans called them “buildings”. Over time they’d become the wild urban pigeon that we know today.
25. Which of the following people in Britain would be least likely to keep pigeons in the late Middle Ages
A. Fruit growers. B. The nobles. C. Gunpowder makers. D. The miners.
26. What can be inferred from the passage
A. Farm livestock used to be too thin for lack of food in the dark months in Britain.
B. Townsend revolutionized agricultural development in Britain around 1700.
C. The Normans set an undesirable example of raising pigeons for the British people.
D. England was once faced with the threat of disappearance because of pigeons.
27. According to the passage why are there so many pigeons in the cities in Britain today
A. Because people think it a sign of status and keep them to show off.
B. Because pigeons like to stay on hard surfaces which can be abundantly found in cities.
C. Because pigeons find enough food supplies when tourists and citizens feed them in squares.
D. Because the government encourages pigeon raising as a profitable investment.
28. Which is the best title of the passage
A. A brief history of pigeon houses in Britain.
B. From function to fashion — the pigeon houses in Britain.
C Profitable pigeon houses in Britain.
D. Pigeon houses in Britain as valuable as silver.
(B)
Samsung
Saying that Samsung makes great tablets might sound strange to someone not too familiar with their devices, but the company has made some interesting strides with tablets. And much like their phones, Samsung has a wide variety in their products, with the very affordable Tab A7/A8, to the high-end flagship S8 ultra. So if you’re team Android as opposed to Apple, Samsung is probably the way to go.
Best tablet: Samsung Galaxy Tab S8 Ultra
Microsoft
Microsoft has traditionally been a major player in computing so it’s no shock that they also make well-designed and more than capable tablets — the Microsoft Surface. With the idea of the Surface tablets being a 2-in-1 device, a tablet that can functionally run like a laptop, running windows, and featuring basically the same processors that you’d find in a laptop.
And with an additional keyboard, great displays and long battery life, the Surface tablets make for great machines for work or play respectively.
Best tablet: Microsoft Surface Pro 8
Amazon
Amazon does indeed make tablets and, they’re capable too. Amazon’s Fire HD tablets are firmly in the budget tablet range but that doesn’t make them less capable. In terms of size, they range from seven up to ten inches and even include a kids’ tablet for the young ones. So if you prefer tablets over ten inches, you may be wanting to look elsewhere.
But all in all they’re a good shout for a first-time tablet buyer that isn’t looking to spend a few hundred pounds on a device, but still wants to watch videos or browse the web on the go.
Best tablet: Amazon Fire HD 10 plus
* This post contains affiliate links, so we may earn a small fee when you make a purchase through links on our site at no additional cost to you.
29. To satisfy both work and entertainment purposes, which tablet would a consumer most probably choose
A. iPad Pro-12.9’’. B. Samsung Galaxy Tab S8 Ultra.
C. Microsoft Surface Pro 8. D. Amazon Fire HH plus.
30. Which tablet is the most suitable for a family on a tight budget who prefer small sizes
A. iPad Pro-12.9’’. B. Samsung Galaxy Tab S8 Ultra.
C. Microsoft Surface Pro 8. D. Amazon Fire HD 10 plus.
31. What is the purpose of this piece of writing
A. To rank tablet computer brands according to producers.
B. To encourage readers to purchase tablets via their website.
C To inform readers about the latest models of tablets.
D. To carry out a product investigation.
(C)
How is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a different family. The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing up too. One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.
Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently, researchers have found many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each other’s lives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children aren’t getting the same one-on-one time with parents. But that doesn’t mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later-borns don’t enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference between “I” and “me”.
A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love-hate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibling pairs.
One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of warmth they gained form their parents. (375words)
32. The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para.1) means ________.
A. in a different family environment B. in a different family tradition
C. in different family crises D. in different families
33. In terms of language development, later-borns ________.
A. get their parents’ individual guidance B. learn a lot from their elder siblings
C. experience a lot of difficulties D. pick up words more quickly
34. What was found about fights among siblings
A. Siblings hated fighting and loved playing. B. Siblings in some families fought frequently.
C. Sibling fights led to bad sibling relationships. D. Siblings learned to get on together from fights.
Section C - 6分
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
The Last Straw
Every second, the world uses 160,000 plastic bags — that is a total of over five trillion per year. Up to 99 percent of these plastic bags hang around for at least 1,000 years and pollute Earth. And yet, plastic bags are hardly a necessity in our lives. Of all the changes we could make to create a more sustainable lifestyle, a total ban on plastic bags should be simple.
At the beginning of 2021, Shanghai put in effect a ban on all plastic bags in shopping malls and supermarkets, as well as a ban on non-degradable plastics in many other areas. Over the years, individuals and companies have worked to replace plastic items, such as cups and straws, with paper ones. ___35___.
Customers complain that paper straws often become soft and break before they can finish their hot drinks. Experts, however, have repeatedly stressed plastic substitutes (替代品) are not the ultimate solution, and that our consumption habits need a bigger change.
In college, one of my environmental science professors promoted a type of waste-free living. She carried around a small glass jar with her, and in it was all her trash she collected for the entire year. She was able to do this by bringing her own cup to Starbucks, her own bags to the shops, and never buying anything that came wrapped in plastic. Her food waste also became compost. ___36___.
Plastic bags are incredibly easy to forget about when they become increasingly common. ___37___. Once they are in the trash, we take it for granted that they are someone else’s problem. The sad fact is that plastic bags break down into microplastics which then get mixed into the air, soil and water, and eventually end up in plants, animals, and our very own human bodies. So what are you going to do about them
A. Clearly she demonstrated our ability to live a completely healthy life without creating a great deal of plastic waste.
B. Plastic bag litter has even caused great problems in some areas.
C. If they’re free to use and easily disposed of, they’re a mere tool that we don’t have to think about.
D. Some of these decisions have been met with criticism.
E. Unfortunately, such a high level of pollution doesn’t come without consequences.
第二卷
IV. (70.) Summary writing 8分
38. 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
How to Deal with Pressures at School
As a high school student, if you are feeling stressed out or frustrated by teachers, classmates,or schoolwork，it is important to know that you aren't the only one． Believe it or not，everyone has these feelings at some point， and everyone should learn how to deal with them properly．
First of all， you need to keep a positive attitude and not take things to heart． That someone got a better grade than you doesn't mean that they are smarter—perhaps they studied longer or knew the material more． It's easy to become frustrated if you are not doing as well as your friends， but being optimistic will help you deal with future similar situations．
Secondly， if students at school are bullying you， know when to stand up for yourself． Don't let other classmates make you feel that you are not good enough． They are simply insecure and do not know how to deal with the pressures of school． They are just trying to make others feel bad， so they can feel better about themselves．
Lastly， it is necessary to keep things correctly． For any situation that is stressful， take a second look from a different point of view． When I look back to the frustrations of my high school days， I notice that many of them seem very unimportant to me now．
It's not easy to be confident when there are so many students who seem like they "have it all"，but try to realize that you, too, are good enough. It’s not a competition about who is smarter, more beautiful—everyone is different—so believe your individuality.
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V. Translation 中译英 11分
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
39. 这项发明使她在学术圈内获得赞誉。(gain) (汉译英)
40. 研究表明，每天吃些水果和蔬菜对健康很有好处。(highly beneficial) (汉译英)
41. 这位年轻教授嘴上说欢迎各种意见，但其实他对于别人的批评很敏感。(claim)(汉译英)
VI. (74.) Guided Writing 指导作文 15分
42. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是启明中学（Ming Qi Middle School）的李明，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。根据以下启事，写一封申请信（信中不能提到真实姓名和学校）。
启事
国际儿童基金会将资助中学生开展扶贫项目，以帮助贫困地区的儿童。申请成功者将获得项目经费2000元。
有意者请来信告知：
1） 你个人的基本情况；
2） 你对申请项目的基本设想；
3） 项目经费的使用计划。
联系方式: 2022hope@icforg
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