卷子答案网-一个不只有答案的网站山东省名校2024届高三上学期10月大联考英语试卷
学校：___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
A huge number of exchange programs and summer school programs are offered to international students around foreign universities worldwide. Today we explain the top student exchange programs -and -summer programs offered to foreign students.
Vienna Summer School
Vienna Summer School provides an incredible opportunity for 30 bachelor-level students to research side by side with world top researchers in the field of bioengineering. This paid summer program aims to attract international students and create an excellent research environment. This is a perfect opportunity for those students who are interested in the field of life science. The duration of Vienna Summer School is from Saturday, July 1 to August 28,2023.
SUSI Student Leaders Program
Bachelor-level students in Pakistan who are interested in the topic of public, local, state and federal policy making are invited to study in the USA through the short-tern SUSI student program 2023 held at the University of Massachusetts. This is an exchange program for Pakistani students. All expenses and accommodation costs will be covered by SUSI, so the application period is very short.
Hansen Leadership Exchange Program
The Hansen Summer Institute for Leadership is now open for the summer exchange program 2023. The Hansen summer program offers the opportunity to the USA and international students to build better leadership skills and a cultural understanding environment for the future. This 3-week summer exchange program is open for undergraduate, graduate,and doctoral students with any academic background.
IWP Summer Exchange Program
IWP Summer Exchange Program 2023 is a two-week writing and culture exchange program for Pakistani and Indian students in Iowa City, USA. The applicant from 18 to 22 from these countries with a background in art humanities is welcome to apply. This program will focus on creativity and is free for the selected applicants. The selected candidates will work together on the creation of paintings and sculptures.
1、Which program suits students who like biology
A. Vienna Summer School.
B. SUSI Student Leaders Program.
C. IWP Summer Exchange Program.
D. Hansen Leadership Exchange Program.
2、Why should students apply for SUSI Student Leaders Program early
A. It is fully funded.
B. It is a short-term program.
C. It is limited to postgraduates.
D. It is supported by the government.
3、What will students in IWP Summer Exchange Program do
A. Offer policy advice. B. Conduct research.
C. Write academic papers. D. Create artworks.
Visionary architects design buildings which speak for themselves. From towering concrete pillars to sculptural modernist domes(穹顶), the work of Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi defined Indian architecture for the latter half of the 20th century. Known as B. V. Doshi, he was a versatile modernist architect一he designed everything from accessible housing projects to the Indian Institute of Management in Bangalore. Sadly, the great architect died on January 24, 2023, at the age of 95, leaving behind a fascinating legacy.
Born on August 26, 1927, in Pune, southeast of Mumbai, Doshi grew up with his father and grandfather, a furniture maker. As a child he came to appreciate how their house grew and changed. In 1947, shortly before Indian independence, he began architecture school. However, he never finished, a fact which he’d later point to in life as an advantage. He married his wife Kamala Parikh in 1955. When she passed away, Doshi lived in a house he designed and named for his beloved wife.
Doshi was influenced by the famous Swiss-French architect known as Le Corbusier. Doshi studied with him in Paris and then returned to India to supervise the architect’s work in Ahmedabad. In 1956, Doshi founded his own firm called Vastushilpa. He traveled the world lecturing at universities, worked with other famous architects, and even founded the Center for Environmental Planning and Technology (now CEPT University) focusing on understanding, designing, planning, constructing and managing human habitats.
“We did not want to imitate someone else’s approach,” he told the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art in 2018. “We wanted to find our own identity.” He drew from his pride in Indian culture to create a style distinct from Western designs. “I think of my buildings as my friends, my family,” he said. “I have a conversation with them, and that’s how I create niches and staircases and openings and gardens … my buildings are not only pure and clear but designed to anticipate changes.”
Aside from his modern works, Doshi was devoted to creating works to benefit the poor. He designed the Aranya Low Cost Housing Project in Indore. The photographer Iwan Baan, who photographed some of Doshi’s works, described the artist as “the most approachable architect I know. Even very poor people in his public housing projects knew him, which is exceptional”.
4、Which of the following can replace the underlined word “versatile” in paragraph 1
A. popular B. modest
C. forward-looking D. well-rounded
5、What do we know about Doshi's life
A. He had a miserable childhood.
B. He regretted leaving school early.
C. He made a contribution to higher education in architecture.
D. He set up his company under the guidance of Le Corbusier.
6、What does the author want to illustrate by quoting Doshi5s words
A. The public support for Doshi.
B. The originality of Doshi’s works.
C. Doshi's open mind on changes.
D. Doshi's love of architectural design.
7、What is the purpose of the text
A. To give a brief account of Doshi's life.
B. To encourage people to visit Doshi's works.
C. To remember India's great architect Doshi.
D. To advertise Doshi's architectural philosophy.
PFAS are found in nonstick pans, water-proof fabrics and food packaging. They’re called forever chemicals because of their ability to stick around and not break down. Now, using a bit of heat and two relatively common compounds, researchers have degraded(降解) the chemical in the lab.
While some scientists have found relatively simple ways of breaking down select PFAS, most degradation methods require harsh processes using intense pressure—in some cases over 22 megapascals—or extremely high temperatures—sometimes upwards of 1,000°C —to break the chemical bonds.
William Dichtel, from Northwestern University in Evanston, and his team experimented with two substances found in nearly every chemistry lab: sodium hydroxide(氢氧化钠), also known as lye, and a solvent(溶剂)called DMSO. The team worked specifically on a group of forever chemicals which contain a large percentage of PFAS.
When the team combined chemicals with the lye and DMSO at 120°C and with no extra pressure needed, the carboxylic acid(^M) fell off the chemicals and became carbon dioxide. “What happened next was unexpected,” Dichtel said. The loss of the acid helped degrade the chemicals into fluoride ions(氟离子)and smaller carbon-containing products, leaving behind no harmful by-products.
“It’s a neat method; it’s different from others that have been tried,” says Chris Sales, an environmental engineer at Drexel University in Philadelphia who was not involved in the study. “The biggest question is how this could be adapted and scaled up. Understanding this mechanism is just one step in undoing forever chemicals,” Sales said.
This process wouldn’t work to deal with PFAS in the environment, because it requires a concentrated amount of the chemicals, but it could one day be used in wastewater treatment plants, where the pollutants could be filtered out of the water, concentrated and then broken down.
8、What can we learn about the previous ways to break down PFAS
A. They're eco-friendly. B. They've been widely used.
C. They're difficult to operate. D. They're regarded as useless.
9、What did the team do in their experiment
A. They experimented with different solvents.
B. They tried two very common substances.
C. They tested every group of forever chemicals.
D. They exposed chemicals to extreme temperatures.
10、What made the researchers most surprised in their experiment
A. Environmentally-friendly reactions occurred.
B. The carboxylic acid became carbon dioxide.
C. No extra pressure was needed for the trial.
D. The lye and DMSO could work at 120°C.
11、What can we infer from Chris Sales’ words
A. It is difficult to deal with PFAS in the environment.
B. This mechanism will soon be used in the environment.
C. The method will be applied to different kinds of chemicals.
D. More research is needed before the method is widely used.
The idea that the normal human body temperature is about 37℃ was first presented by the German physician Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich in 1851. Since then, it’s become so widely accepted that it serves as a touchstone for health—a diagnostic tool used by physicians and parents as a basic indicator of whether someone is sick or well. However, it turns out that this well-established fact isn’t, in fact, correct—or, to put it more accurately, human beings have been getting cooler over the years.
Recent studies have shown that temperature records of groups of people have tended to run low compared to the accepted norm (标准) so the Stanford team, led by Julie Par-sonnet,MD, professor of medicine and of health research and policy, decided to do a more in-depth study to compare modern measurements with historical records to try to identify body temperature trends and, perhaps, uncover the reason why this cooling is happening.
For their research, the Stanford team looked at three distinct data sets from two historical periods. After going through 677,423 temperature measurements, the team found that men born in the 21st century had an average body temperature of 0.6℃ lower than that of those born in the early 19th century while modern women showed an average decrease of 0.03℃ compared to those born in the 1890s.
As to why this is happening, the researchers say that the most likely mechanism is a reduction in the human metabolic rate (代谢率) due to environmental factors: One possibility is that improvements in public health over 200 years have reduced the incidence of inflammations (炎症),which promote metabolism. This combined with people living more comfortable lives in more stable environments means that the body doesn’t have to work as hard to stay warm, so the average temperature falls.
”The environment that we’re living in has changed, including the temperature in our homes, our contact with microorganisms (微生物) and the food that we have access to. All these things mean that although we consider human beings as the same for all of human evolution, we’re not the same. We’re actually changing physiologically,” Parsonnet said.
12、What is Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich’s achievement
A. He set up standards for human health services.
B. He predicted trends in human body temperature.
C. He first used body temperature as a health indicator.
D. He proposed the standard human body temperature.
13、What can we learn about the Stanford team’s study
A. It shows women have a lower body temperature than men.
B. It proves human body temperature has dropped at a faster rate.
C. It compared historical and current human body temperature data.
D. It suggested updating the definition of the average body temperature.
14、Which of the following is thought to cause the decrease in human body temperature
A. The improved living conditions.
B. The contact with other creatures.
C. The decline in physically demanding work.
D. The adaptation of humans to climate change.
15、Which one could be the best title for the text
A. What exactly is normal human body temperature
B. Why does human body temperature need measuring
C. Human body temperature has decreased over the years
D. Human body temperature changes with the environment
二、七选五
16、Born in 1961 Snoussi, a Frenchman, first came to China in 1983. At that time, he was a law student at Aix-en-Provence University and accompanied his father on a business trip to China.
①_______ In March 2006, Snoussi moved to Ningbo to help his father who had set up his export business. After living there for more than seven years, Snoussi realized that what he missed most was a traditional French bakery.“②_______, which made Chinese, Korean, or European-style bread, but we couldn’t find that specific French taste. It was unlike our daily bread,because in my home country, bread is a bit like rice in China,” he explained. In June 2013,Snoussi opened an authentic (正宗的) French bakery in Ningbo. Though he had no baking experience, he quickly learned the ropes from a French baker. ③_______.
What makes Mon Epoque unique is its authentic French identity, which guarantees a genuine French taste every day. “We are one of the few French bakeries in China that directly imports flour from France, produced in the Cognac region from French wheat. ④_______. These are the two most important ingredients in baking. This allows us to guarantee the same taste and quality day in, day out. We pay attention to the quality and the taste of our products so that our patrons can experience the same feeling every day,” he said.
⑤_______. In 2008,he donated over 30,000 yuan($4,300)to Wenchuan in Sichuan Province. In Ningbo, he donated T-shirts for students with disabilities and gave scholarships to outstanding students at a school. For several years, he sponsored (赞助) the Pink Ribbon Campaign organized by a team of foreign women to raise awareness about breast cancer. He also sponsored activities to encourage more people to look after stray dogs.
A. This French baker was famous for his unique bakery
B. Snoussi is keen on social activities in Ningbo
C. The butter used is also imported from France
D. Snoussi enjoys helping people in need
E. This visit was a culture shock for him
F. He named his brand Mon Epoque
G. We had good bakeries in Ningbo
三、完形填空（15空）
During my stay at the University of Michigan, one of the senior professors asked me to join a seminar on culture and emotion. In a general 1 of self-introductions, I introduced myself in a(n) 2 Dutch way as one of those who are “interested in culture and emotion”. The professor supplemented(补充) my self-introduction to 3 American standards, saying I was one of the world’s experts on the 4 . In response, I looked down in 5 , and thought that “expert” was a big word.
When I lived in North Carolina, my new friends came over to 6 . Conversations were full of interest and energy, and there was a lot of 7 . At the end of the evening, when my guests left, they thanked me for the dinner. My heart 8 , because I was born and raised in the Netherlands, where “thanking for dinner” means the relationship is 9 .
Emotions are different enough to feel out of 10 when you move from one culture to another. The professor at the University of Michigan meant to make me feel 11 , but instead made me uncomfortable. My friends meant to show 12 , but they made me think they were distancing themselves from me.
We think about emotions as feelings deep inside us, but in 13 , our emotions happen in interactions with others. In my own culture, it was hard to observe the 14 emotions of others, but I was able to see them when I moved to the US—a different 15 from where I was raised.
17、A.analysis B.state C. letter D.round
18、A.understated B.interesting C. dramatic D.proud
19、A.set B.fit C. evaluate D. recommend
20、A.approach B.situation C. topic D.course
21、A.curiosity B.pity C. disappointment D.embarrassment
22、A.play B.dine C. work D.perform
23、A.support B.noise C. fun D.arguing
24、A.sank B.melted C. raced D.opened
25、A.harmonious B.normal C. strong D.distant
26、A.date B.shape C. place D.sight
27、A.reliable B.good C. serious D.careful
28、A.gratitude B.respect C. admiration D.affection
29、A.total B.advance C. detail D.reality
30、A.unbelievable B.pure C. invisible D.powerful
31、A.level B.culture C. standard D.value
四、短文填空
32、3D bio-printing inside the human body could be possible thanks to a new soft robot. The device features ①_______ printing head directly mounted onto the tip of a soft robotic arm. This printing head, ②_______ consists of soft artificial muscles that allow it to move in three directions, works very ③_______ (similar) to conventional desktop 3D printers.
The soft robotic arm can bend and twist and can be made at any length ④_______ (require). The printing nozzle (喷嘴) can be programmed to print per-determined shapes, or operated manually. ⑤_______ addition, a research team used a machine learning-based controller which can aid the printing process.
The team ⑥_______ (explain) how the device could potentially be used as an all-in-one surgical tool to perform a range of ⑦_______ (function). They said this could be especially important in surgery ⑧_______ (remove) certain cancers.
The ability to carry out such multi-functional procedures ⑨_______ (demonstrate) on a pig’s intestine (肠) last month and the researchers say the results show that the device is a ⑩_______ (promise)candidate for the future development of an all-in-one endoscopic surgical tool. The next stage of development for the system is in vivo (活体的) testing on living animals to demonstrate its practical use.
五、书面表达
33、假定你是李华，你校将在本周六上午邀请著名宇航员Mr Yang来作一场报告。请根据下面的要点提示，给喜欢太空探索的留学生朋友Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加。要点如下：
1.写邮件的目的；
2.报告简介；
3.你的期待。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Chris,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
六、读后续写
34、阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The annual Halloween arrived, during which kids dressed in traditional clothes went to neighbors’ houses to ask for candy.
Allison lived in a small town. That day after dinner, Allison put on her dress her father had just bought for her. The dress was cheap and second-hand because her family was poor. But Allison still thanked her dad and said, “Everyone will love my dress!” Then, she left for neighbors’ houses to ask for candy.
On the way, she came across Anna and her friends and wanted to join them. “No! Look at your dress! It’s ugly!” Anna said. Her friends also laughed. “Look at our dresses, especially mine! It’s new and beautiful,” Anna added. Her friends nodded, and in some way they were right. Anna’s dress was shiny and looked expensive. She always had the best clothes because her parents were rich.
Allison was shocked and sad. The kids not only disliked her dress but made fun of it. “You can’t come with us!” Anna stressed. “We would never hang out with you!” The other kids agreed and laughed. They all left to start collecting candy for the night while Allison was left alone, embarrassed in the middle of the street.
Anyway, she knew all the neighbors. She often helped around carrying their groceries and helping them with their gardens. People around there knew her. She didn’t need to hangout with Anna or her friends. “I’ll go just alone,” the little girl said to herself and started walking.
She as well as Anna and her friends walked in the same direction: towards their first neighbor Mrs Vaughan’s house. But Allison walked behind and kept her distance from them. And she stopped when Anna and her friends were near Mrs Vaughan’s house.
Just then, Mrs Vaughan looked out of her window. She noticed that Allison was being excluded by Anna and her friends. She knew it was probably because of Allison’s poor dress. She immediately felt pity for Allison, who often helped her and other neighbors. She decided to give Allison much more candy as a reward and teach Anna and her friends a lesson.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
When Anna and her friends knocked on her door, Mrs Vaughan opened it.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Anna looked up and said, “Our clothes are more beautiful! But you gave Allison more candy! Why ”
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据Vienna Summer School部分“Vienna Summer School provides an incredible opportunity for 30 bachelor-level students to research side by side with world top researchers in the field of bioengineering. This paid summer program aims to attract international students and create an excellent research environment. This is a perfect opportunity for those students who are interested in the field of life science.(维也纳暑期学校为30名学士级学生提供了一个令人难 以置信的机会，让他们与生物工程领域的世界顶尖研究人员并肩研究。这个带薪暑期项 目旨在吸引国际学生，并创造一个良好的研究环境。对于那些对生命科学领域感兴趣的 学生来说，这是一个绝佳的机会）”可知， Vienna Summer School适合对生物学感兴趣 的学生。故选A。
2、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据SUSI Student Leaders Program部分“All expenses and accommodation costs will be covered by SUSI, so the application period is very short.(所有费 用和住宿费用将由SUSI承担，因此申请期 很短）”可知，因为所有的费用和住宿费用都 由举办方承担，所以这个项目需要早早申 请。故选A。
3、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据IWP Summer Exchange Program部分“The selected candidates will work together on the creation of paintings and sculptures.(被选中的候选人 将共同创作绘画和雕塑作品）”可知，学生们 将会一起合作创作绘画和雕塑作品，即一起创作艺术品。故选D。
4、答案：D
解析：词句猜测题。根据第一段Known as B.V.Doshi，he was a versatile modernist architect—he designed everything from accessible housing projects to the Indian Institute of Management in Bangalore.（被称为B.V.Doshi，他是一位versatile现代主义建筑师，他设计了从无障碍住房项目到班加罗尔印度管理学院的所有项目）可知，巴克里希纳 多西既可以设计普通民用住宅，又可以设计大型学院建筑，他是一位多才多艺的建筑师，推测划线单词表示"多才多艺的"，A．Popular受欢迎的；B．modest谦虚的；C．forward-looking有远见的；D．well-rounded全面的。故选D。
5、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段He traveled the world lecturing at universities，worked with other famous architects，and even founded the Center for Environmental Planning and Technology （now CEPT University） focusing on understanding，designing，planning，constructing and managing human habitats.（他周游世界，在大学演讲，与其他著名建筑师合作，甚至成立了环境规划与技术中心（现为CEPT大学），专注于了解、设计、规划、建设和管理人类栖息地。）可知，巴克里希纳 多西环球游学传播建筑学知识，并创办了CEPT大学的前身，他对高等建筑教育做出了贡献。故选C。
6、答案：B
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段"We did not want to imitate someone else's approach，" he told the Louisiana Museum of Modern Art in 2018. "We wanted to find our own identity." He drew from his pride in Indian culture to create a style distinct from Western designs. "I think of my buildings as my friends，my family，" he said. "I have a conversation with them，and that's how I create niches and staircases and openings and gardens…my buildings are not only pure and clear but designed to anticipate changes.（"我们不想模仿别人的方法，"他在2018年告诉路易斯安那现代艺术博物馆。"我们想找到自己的特征。"他利用自己对印度文化的自豪感，创造了一种不同于西方设计的风格。"我把我的建筑看作是我的朋友，我的家人，"他说。"我和它们进行对话，这就是我创造壁龛、楼梯、开口和花园的方式……我的建筑不仅纯净清晰，而且设计用于预测变化。）可推知，作者引用多西的话是为了强调了其建筑的独创性，他不去追随和模仿别人，而是追寻独创。故选B。
7、答案：C
解析：写作目的题。根据第一段Known as B.V.Doshi，he was a versatile modernist architect—he designed everything from accessible housing projects to the Indian Institute of Management in Bangalore.Sadly，the great architect died on January 24，2023，at the age of 95，leaving behind a fascinating legacy.（被称为B.V.Doshi，他是一位多才多艺的现代主义建筑师，他设计了从无障碍住房项目到班加罗尔印度管理学院的所有项目。不幸的是，这位伟大的建筑师于2023年1月24日去世，享年95岁，留下了令人着迷的遗产。）、以及最后一段Aside from his modern works，Doshi was devoted to creating works to benefit the poor.He designed the Aranya Low Cost Housing Project in Indore.The photographer Iwan Baan，who photographed some of Doshi's works，described the artist as "the most approachable architect I know.Even very poor people in his public housing projects knew him，which is exceptional."（除了他的现代作品，多西还致力于创作造福穷人的作品。他设计了印多尔的Aranya低成本住房项目。摄影师Iwan Baan拍摄了多西的一些作品，他形容这位艺术家是"我认识的最平易近人的建筑师。即使是他公共住房项目中的穷人也认识他，这是非同寻常的。"）可知，本文讲述了印度建筑大师巴克里希纳 多西的事迹，并赞美了逝者的品德，表达了人们对逝者的敬意，本文写作的目的是为了纪念印度伟大的建筑师多希。A．To give a brief account of Doshi's life简要介绍多西的生平；B．To encourage people to visit Doshi's works鼓励人们参观多石的作品；C．To remember India's great architect Doshi缅怀印度伟大的建筑师多希；D．To advertise Doshi's architectural philosophy.宣传Doshi的建筑哲学。故选C。
8、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段While some scientists have found relatively simple ways of breaking down select PFAS, most degradation methods require harsh processes using intense pressure—in some cases over 22 megapascals—or extremely high temperatures—sometimes upwards of 1,000°C —to break the chemical bonds.（虽然一些科学家已经找到了相对简单的方法来分解选定的PFAS，但大多数降解方法都需要使用高压（在某些情况下超过22兆帕斯卡）或极高温度（有时高达1000℃）来破坏化学键的苛刻过程。）可知，之前分解PFAS的方法很难操作。故选C。
9、答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第一句William Dichtel, from Northwestern University in Evanston, and his team experimented with two substances found in nearly every chemistry lab: sodium hydroxide(氢氧化钠), also known as lye, and a solvent(溶剂)called DMSO.（来自埃文斯顿西北大学的威廉 迪赫特尔和他的团队用几乎在每个化学实验室都能找到的两种物质进行了实验：氢氧化钠，也被称为碱液，以及一种叫做二甲基亚砜的溶剂。）可知，这个团队在实验中尝试了两种非常常见的物质。故选B。
10、答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“What happened next was unexpected,” Dichtel said. The loss of the acid helped degrade the chemicals into fluoride ions(氟离子)and smaller carbon-containing products, leaving behind no harmful by-products.（"接下来发生的事情出乎意料。"迪赫特尔说。酸的流失有助于将化学物质降解成氟离子和更小的含碳产物，不会留下有害的副产品。）可知，在实验中，最让研究人员感到惊讶的是发生了环境友好的反应。故选A。
11、答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句中的The biggest question is how this could be adapted and scaled up. Understanding this mechanism is just one step in undoing forever chemicals（最大的问题是如何适应和扩大规模。了解这种机制只是消除永久化学物质的一步）可知，从Chris Sales的话中可以推断出在该方法得到广泛应用之前还需要进行更多的研究。选项D．More research is needed before the method is widely used.（在这种方法被广泛使用之前，还需要更多的研究）符合题意。故选D。
12、答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The idea that the normal human body temperature is about 37℃ was first presented by the German physician Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich in 1851.(1851年，德国医生Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich首次提出了正常人体温度约为37℃的观点。）”和第二段中 的“Recent studies have shown that temperature records of groups of people have tended to run low compared to the accepted norm(最近的研究表明，与公认的标准相比，人群的体温记录往往较低）”可知，Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich提出人类标准体温大约是37°℃。 故选D项。
13、答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中 的“Recent studies have shown that temperature records of groups of people have tended to run low compared to the accepted norm(标准),so the Stanford team, led by Julie Par-sonnet, MD, professor of medicine and of health research and policy, decided to do a more in-depth study to compare modern measurements with historical records to try to identify body temperature trends and, perhaps, uncover the reason why this cooling is happening.(最近的研究表明，与公认的标准相比，人群的体温记录往往较低，因此，由医学、健康研究与 政策教授Julie Par sonnet医学博士领导的斯坦福大学团队决定进行一项更深入的研究，将现代测量值与历史记录进行比较，试图确定体温趋势，揭示这种冷却现象发生的原因。）”及第三段关于两个不同历史时期体温的对比可知，该研究团队对比研究了历史和当前的人体体温数据。故选C项。
14、答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“One possibility is that improvements in public health over 200 years have reduced the incidence of inflammations(炎症),which promote metabolism. This combined with people living more comfortable lives in more stable environments means that the body doesn't have to work as hard to stay warm, so the average temperature falls.(一种可能性是，200多年来公共卫生的改善降低了炎症的发生率，炎症可以促进新陈代谢。这与人们在更稳定的环境中过着更舒适的生活相结合，意味着身体不必为了保暖而努力工作，因此平均温度会下降。)”可推知，生活条件的改善使人类的标准体温降低。故选A项。
15、答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。由第一段“The idea that the normal human body temperature is about 37℃ was first presented by the German physician Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich in 1851. Since then, it's become so widely accepted that it serves as a touchstone for health-—a diagnostic tool used by physicians and parents as a basic indicator of whether someone is sick or well. However, it turns out that this well-established fact isn't, in fact, correct-—or, to put it more accurately, human beings have been getting cooler over the years. (1851年，德国医生Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich 首次提出了正常人体温度约为37℃的观点。从那时起，它被广泛接受，成 为健康的试金石——医生和父母使用的诊断 工具，作为判断某人是否生病或健康的基本指标。然而，事实证明，事实上，这个公认 的事实是不正确的——或者，更准确地说，人类多年来一直在变冷。)”以及后文可知，本文介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究：自19世纪末以来，人类的标准体温有所下降，由此 推断，C项Human body temperature has decreased over the years(人体温度多年来一直在下降）为最佳标题。故选C项。
16、答案：①-⑤EGFCD
解析：①细节理解题。根据前文Born in 1961，Snoussi，a Frenchman，first came to China in 1983.At that time，he was a law student at Aix-en-Provence University and accompanied his father on a business trip to China.（斯努西出生于1961年，是法国人，1983年第一次来到中国。当时，他是普罗旺斯艾克斯大学法律系的学生，随父亲去中国出差。）可知，斯努西他第一次来到中国，这次访问对他来说是一次文化冲击。所以选项E.This visit was a culture shock for him（这次访问对他来说是一次文化冲击。）符合语境。故选E。
②细节理解题。根据后文which made Chinese，Korean，or European-style bread，but we couldn't find that specific French taste.（它生产中国、韩国或欧洲风格的面包，但我们找不到那种特别的法国味道。）可知，在宁波有很好的面包店，但找不到那种特定的法国味道。所以选项G.We had good bakeries in Ningbo （我们在宁波有很好的面包店。）符合语境。故选G。
③推理判断题。根据前文In June 2013，Snoussi opened an authentic （正宗的）French bakery in Ningbo.Though he had no baking experience，he quickly learned the ropes from a French baker.（2013年6月，斯努西在宁波开了一家正宗的法式烘焙店。虽然他没有烘焙经验，但他很快就从一位法国面包师那里学会了诀窍。）可知，斯努西在宁波开设了一家正宗的法式面包店，并从一位法国面包师那里学会了做面包的诀窍。所以选项F.He named his brand Mon Epoque （他把自己的品牌命名为Mon Epoque。）符合语境。故选F。
④逻辑关系题。根据前文We are one of the few French bakeries in China that directly imports flour from France，produced in the Cognac region from French wheat.（我们是中国少数几家直接从法国进口面粉的法国面包店之一，这些面粉是在干邑地区用法国小麦生产的。）可知，斯努西的面包店直接从法国进口面粉，所用的黄油也是从法国进口的。所以选项C.The butter used is also imported from France （所用的黄油也是从法国进口的。）符合语境，选择项中的"also"是解题关键。故选C。
⑤段落主旨题。根据后文In 2008，he donated over 30，000 yuan（﹩4，300）to Wenchuan in Sichuan Province.In Ningbo，he donated T-shirts for students with disabilities and gave scholarships to outstanding students at a school.For several years，he sponsored （赞助）the Pink Ribbon Campaign organized by a team of foreign women to raise awareness about breast cancer.He also sponsored activities to encourage more people to look after stray dogs.（2008年，他向四川汶川捐赠了3万多元人民币（合4300美元）。在宁波，他为残疾学生捐赠T恤，并为一所学校的优秀学生提供奖学金。几年来，他赞助了由一群外国妇女组织的粉红丝带运动，以提高人们对乳腺癌的认识。他还赞助了一些活动，鼓励更多的人照顾流浪狗。）尤其是donated，sponsored这两个关键词可知，本段主要是讲斯努西乐善好施，愿意帮助有需要的人。所以选项D.Snoussi enjoys helping people in need （斯诺西喜欢帮助有需要的人。）作为本段主题句最为合适，符合本段的主旨。故选D。
17、答案：D
解析：根据下文“as one of those who are interested in culture and emotion saying I was one of the world's experts..”可知，在常规的一轮自我介绍中，作者称自己是“对文化和情感感兴趣”的人之一。
18、答案：A
解析：作者称自己是“对文化和情感感兴趣”的人之一，而教授称作者是专家，故可推知，作者是以一种低调的荷兰方式介绍自己的。
19、答案：B
解析：根据上文"I introduced myself in a(n) 2 Dutch way as one of those who are interested in culture and emotion”可知，教授补充了作者的自我介绍，以符合美国的标准。
20、答案：C
解析：根据上文的“a seminar on culture and emotion”可知，教授称作者是世界上研究该话题的专家之一。
21、答案：D
解析：根据空后的“and thought that expert was a big word”可知，作为回应，作者尴尬地低下了头。
22、答案：B
解析：根据下文的“they thanked me for the dinner”可知，作者住在北卡罗来纳州时，新朋友来家吃饭。
23、答案：C
解析：根据上文的“Conversations were full of interest and energy”可知，他们的谈话充满了兴趣与活力，非常有意思。
24、答案：A
解析：根据下文的“but they made me think they were distancing themselves from me”可知,客人在离开之前感谢作者的招待。作者的心一沉，因为在荷兰出生、长大，“感谢晚餐”意味着关系疏远。
25、答案：D
解析：参考上题解析。
26、答案：C
解析：根据上下文可知，当你从一种文化过渡到另一种文化时，情绪的差异足以让你感到格格不入。
27、答案：B
解析：根据下文的“but instead made me uncomfortable”可知，那位密歇根大学的教授本想让作者感觉良好，但却让作者感到不自在。
28、答案：A
解析：根据上文的“they thanked me for the dinner”和下文的"but they made me think they were distancing themselves from me”可知，作者的朋友本想表示感谢，但却让作者觉得他们是在疏远自己。
29、答案：D
解析：根据上下文可知，情绪通常被认为是人们内心深处的感受，但实际上，情绪发生在与他人的互动之中。
30、答案：C
解析：根据上文所举的例子和下文的“but I was able to see them when I moved to the US”可知，在作者所处的荷兰文化中，很难观察到他人无形的情绪，但来到美国之后，她能够看到它们——这是一种与作者成长的地方不同的文化。
31、答案：B
解析：参考上题解析。
32、答案：①a②which③similarly④required⑤In⑥explained⑦functions⑧to remove⑨was demonstrated⑩promising
解析：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种未来很有可能大有开发前景的一体式内窥镜手术工具。
①考查冠词。句意：该设备的特点 是一个打印头直接安装在软机械臂的尖端。 printing head在文中第一次出现，应用不定冠词表示泛指，printing是辅音音素开头的 单词，前边应用不定冠词a。故填a。
②考查定语从句。句意：这种打印头由柔软的人造肌肉组成，可以向三个方向 移动，其工作原理与传统的台式3D打印机 非常相似。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非 限制性定语从句，修饰先行词This printing head，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填 which。
③考查副词。句意：这种打印头由 柔软的人造肌肉组成，可以向三个方向移 动，其工作原理与传统的台式3D打印机非 常相似。空处修饰动词works，应用副词形式作状语，similarly是副词，表示“相似 地”，符合题意。故填similarly。
④考查非谓语动词。句意：柔软的 机械臂可以弯曲和扭曲，可以制成任何需要 的长度。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语 动词，require与逻辑主语length之间是被动 关系，应用过去分词形式required作后置定 语。故填required。
⑤考查介词。句意：此外，一个研究小组使用了一种基于机器学习的控制器， 该控制器可以帮助打印过程。in addition是 固定短语，表示“此外”，所以空处应用介词 in，置于句首，首字母大写。故填In。
⑥考查时态。句意：该团队解释了该设备如何可能被用作一体式手术工具，以 执行一系列功能。根据句中could be used可知，句子使用一般过去时，动词应用过去式 形式explained。故填explained。
⑦考查名词的数。句意：该团队解 释了该设备如何可能被用作一体式手术工 具，以执行一系列功能。function表示“功 能”，为可数名词，a range of为固定短语， 表示“一系列的”，后接名词的复数形式 functions。 故填functions。
⑧考查非谓语动词。句意：他们说，这在清除某些癌症的手术中可能特别重 要。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动 词，结合语意可知，手术是为了清除某些癌 症，空处应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。 故填to remove。
⑨考查时态语态。句意：上个月， 在一只猪的肠道上展示了进行这种多功能手 术的能力，研究人员表示，研究结果表明该 设备是未来开发一体化内窥镜手术工具的一个很有前途的候选者。根据时间状语last month可知，句子应用一般过去时， demonstrate与主语The ability之间是被动关 系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语 The ability是单数，be动词应用was。故填 was demonstrated。
⑩考查形容词。句意：上个月，在 一只猪的肠道上展示了进行这种多功能手术 的能力，研究人员表示，研究结果表明该设 备是未来开发一体化内窥镜手术工具的一个 很有前途的候选者。空处修饰名词 candidate，应用形容词形式作定语， promising是形容词，表示“有前途的”，符合 题意。故填promising。
33、答案：
Dear Chris,
I am writing to invite you to attend an inspiring lecture about space exploration to be given by Mr Yang, who is a famous astronaut, at 9 o’clock this Saturday morning.
You will have a good understanding of his life, education and achievement within the two-hour lecture.
Moreover, I am sure you will be inspired to participate in space travel in the future.
As a space travel lover, you will not miss the chance to see and even talk with the world-known astronaut face to face. I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
解析：本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考试给留学生朋友Chris写一封电子邮件，邀请他参加著名宇航员Mr Yang来作的一场报告。
1.词汇积累
鼓舞人心的：inspiring→encouraging
著名的：famous→well-known
此外：moreover→besides
参加：participate in→take part in
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：You will have a good understanding of his life, education and achievement within the two-hour lecture.
拓展句：It is his life, education and achievement that you will have a good understanding of within the two-hour lecture.
【高分句型1】 I am writing to invite you to attend an inspiring lecture about space exploration to be given by Mr Yang, who is a famous astronaut, at 9 o'clock this Saturday morning.(运用了who引导非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】Moreover, I am sure you will be inspired to participate in space travel in the future.（运用了省略that引导的宾语从句）
34、答案：
When Anna and her friends knocked on her door, Mrs Vaughan opened it. The girls greeted her, showed off their beautiful clothes and asked for candy. Mrs Vaughan, who held a bag of sweets, asked them to wait for a moment. Then, she waved to Allison, calling out, “Dear, come here!” When Allison came, Mrs Vaughan said, “Oh, how beautiful you are today!” Then, she gave Allison most of her candy although the girl declined. When Allison walked away, Mrs Vaughan divided the rest of the candy among Anna and her friends, who were a little angry and confused.
Anna looked up and said, “Our clothes are more beautiful! But you gave Allison more candy! Why ” Mrs Vaughan looked down calmly and explained that Allison was always friendly to neighbors. “She has great inner beauty. Inner beauty is more important. Why not be friends with her ” Mrs Vaughan added. Hearing that, Anna and her friends’ faces turned red and they realized they had done something wrong. They said goodbye to Mrs Vaughan, caught up with Allison, and sincerely invited Allison to join them. Allison nodded gladly and had new friends, who would no longer judge her by her clothes.
解析：本文以人物为线索展开。一年一度的感恩节到来，孩子们盛装打扮去向邻居索要糖果，家境贫穷的艾利森因为衣服廉价而被安娜和她的朋友们排挤，看到这一切的沃恩太太决定给安娜他们一个教训，于是沃恩太太给了艾利森更多的糖果并告诉安娜他们这是因为艾利森经常帮助邻居们，她的内在更美，于是孩子们意识到了自己的错误并主动邀请艾莉森成为了朋友。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当安娜和她的朋友们敲她的门时，沃恩太太开了门。”可知，第一段可描写沃恩太太给了艾利森更多的糖果，而给了安娜和她的朋友们很少的糖果。
②由第二段首句内容“安娜抬起头说：‘我们的衣服更漂亮！但你给了艾莉森更多的糖果！为什么？’”可知，第二段可描写沃恩太太解释说是因为艾利森的内在更美并鼓励安娜和她的朋友们和艾利森成为朋友。
2.续写线索：索要糖果——呼唤艾莉森——分配糖果——教导——惭愧——交朋友
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.谢绝：decline/refuse
②.意识到：realize/be aware that
③.赶上：catch up with/keep up with
情绪类
①.生气：angry/annoyed/irritated
②.困惑：confused/puzzled
[高分句型1]Allison nodded gladly and had new friends, who would no longer judge her by her clothes.(运用了who引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]Mrs Vaughan looked down calmly and explained that Allison was always friendly to neighbors.(运用了that引导的宾语从句）