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注意事项
考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求：
1. 本试卷共10页，包含听力（共30分）、阅读（共50分）、语言运用（共30分）、写作（共40分）四部分。本次考试满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。
2. 答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、考试号等用黑色0.5毫米签字笔填写在答题卡上。
3. 作答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题卡上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律无效，作答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What did the man do last night
A. He made a cake. B. He planned a party. C. He cleaned the kitchen.
2. What is the weather like now
A. Wet. B. Cold. C. Hot.
3. What will the woman order
A. Fruit pudding. B. Apple pie. C. Chocolate cake.
4. What is the woman’s problem
A Her shirt is worn wrong. B. Her button is broken. C. Her shirt is old.
5. What might the woman be
A. A lawyer. B. A politician. C. A journalist.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How does the woman feel about football
A. She doesn’t like it. B. She likes to watch it. C. She would rather play it.
7. What will the woman do tonight
A. Work overtime. B. Go ice skating C. Have her friends over.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. The travel to space. B. The view from space C. The beauty of outer space.
9. Who probably took the pictures
A. Robots. B. Astronauts. C. NASA researchers.
10. What was recently discovered by the U.S.
A. An old hole. B. The age of the Earth. C. A huge falling stone.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does the woman probably think about her visit
A. It is tiring. B. is wonderful. C. h is unimpressive.
12. What is the man’s role today
A. An interviewer. B. A guide. C. A chef.
13. Which cuisine does the woman probably eat for lunch today
A. Brazilian food. B. Indian food. C. Thai food.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. How does the woman feel
A. Cautious. B. Happy. C. Angry.
15. How long has the man had the knife
A. For three weeks. B. For two weeks. C. For one week.
16. Where are the speakers
A. In the bedroom. B. h the kitchen. C. in the living room.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What time is the report probably being given
A. AM 1:00. B. At 2:00. C. At 3:00.
18. What is expected to happen tomorrow
A. An awards ceremony. B. A new weather pattern. C. A traffic jam.
19. What is new in the downtown area
A. A street. B. A bridge. C. A building.
20. Where is a wonderful place to view the race
A. Willow Street. B. Green Street. C. Angel Avenue.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
There are thousands of incredible trails that allow us to get up close to nature and here are 4 of the best hiking trails in the world.
Pennine Way, the United Kingdom
Stretching 268 miles from the Derbyshire Peak District to the Scottish Borders, the Pennine Way is the United Kingdom’s most famous long-distance path. The entire walk takes around three weeks, passing over wild east of Manchester and through the picturesque Yorkshire Dales, before crossing the ancient border of Hadrian’s Wall and moving on toward Scotland.
Camino de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Rather than following a single path, the Camino, also known as the Way of St James, is actually a series of different pilgrimage (朝圣) routes. The most popular modem route follows a line across northern Spain from the French Pyrenees. While some choose to stay at monasteries (修道院) along the way, plenty of operators offer hotel stays and luggage transfers.
Appalachian Trail, the United States
Extending for 2,200 miles, the Appalachian Trail is billed as the longest hiking-only footpath in the world. It runs from Springer Mountain in Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Maine, passing through some of the most remote places in the United States. Those keen on comfort can use companies like Go Shenandoah, which offers pre-booked accommodation and packed lunches.
The Basho Wayfarer Japan
This self-guided trip follows a route taken by the poet Matsuo Basho over 300 years ago. The six-day hike starts in Sendai and works its way through the northern Toboku region, passing through the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Hiraizumi and along the ancient Dewa Kaido path, with its wonderful forests, before heading into the mountains of Natagiri-toge and finishing at the temple of Yamadera.
1. Which hiking trail will allow hikers to see the old wall
A. Pennine Way. B. Appalachian Trail.
C. The Basho Wayfarer. D. Camino de Santiago de Compostela.
2. What do Camino de Santiago de Compostela and Appalachian Trail have in common
A. They have more than one popular route.
B. They have beautiful scenery along the way.
C. Hikers on the two trails can get the desired help.
D. Hikers on the two trails may get across two countries.
3. What can a hiker do if he chooses The Basho Wayfarer
A. Stay at a monastery. B. Visit famous ancient sites.
C. Find a guide to accompany him. D. Pre-book accommodation and lunches.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是世界上最好的接近大自然的四条有不同特色的远足路线。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Pennine Way, the United Kingdom部分中的“The entire walk takes around three weeks, passing over wild east of Manchester and through the picturesque Yorkshire Dales, before crossing the ancient border of Hadrian’s Wall and moving on toward Scotland.(整个旅程大约需要三个星期，经过曼彻斯特东部的荒野，穿过风景如画的约克郡山谷，然后穿过哈德良长城的古老边界，继续向苏格兰前进。)”可知，这条远足路线可以经过哈德良长城的古老边界，由此可知，Pennine Way可以看到古老的城墙。故选A项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Camino de Santiago de Compostela, Spain部分中的“The most popular modem route follows a line across northern Spain from the French Pyrenees.(最受欢迎的现代路线是从法国比利牛斯山脉穿过西班牙北部的一条线路。)”可知，该路线是从法国的比利牛斯山脉穿过西班牙的北部，根据Appalachian Trail, the United States部分中的“It runs from Springer Mountain in Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Maine, passing through some of the most remote places in the United States.(它从佐治亚州的斯普林格山一直延伸到缅因州的卡塔丁山，途经美国一些最偏远的地方。)”可知，该路线途径美国一些最偏远的地方，由此可知，这两条线路共同之处在于他们可以穿越两个国家。故选D项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据The Basho Wayfarer, Japan部分中的“The six-day hike starts in Sendai and works its way through the northern Toboku region, passing through the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Hiraizumi and along the ancient Dewa Kaido path, with its wonderful forests, before heading into the mountains of Natagiri-toge and finishing at the temple of Yamadera.(为期六天的徒步旅行从仙台开始，穿过东北地区北部，经过联合国教科文组织世界遗产平泉，沿着古老的Dewa Kaido小径，沿途有美丽的森林，然后进入natagii -toge山脉，最后到达山寺。)”可知，该线路途径联合国教科文组织世界文化遗产平泉，由此可知，在这条路线徒步旅行可以参观著名的古迹。故选B项。
B
I’m 52, and as surprising as it may seem. I’m a gymnast. In a sport for young girls, I have found an unlikely path to joy. When I enter the gym, no matter how much stress I might be feeling, my mind clears and I forget my life. I think of nothing but what I am doing.
When I was 9, I went every Saturday to a gymnastic academy. The coach had gray hair and wore ballet shoes and had boundless enthusiasm. He would say, “You are going to be a gymnast.” And I believed him. I vividly remember the first time I did a roundoff back handspring by myself, the weightlessness of it. I lived for Saturday mornings. I only ever did gymnastics recreationally—I didn’t even know real gyms existed—but I always loved it.
That long dormant (蛰伏的) love came roaring back in my forties. It happened in an instant, at parents’ day for my daughter’s beginning gymnastics class. The bars were just sitting there, and I had this overwhelming urge to grab hold and swing. But I couldn’t make it through the warmup (热身运动) at the first adult class I went. I felt bad during conditioning. I was the oldest person there. But that spark of memory glowed with possibility. I went back to class again, and again. It was hard and it was humbling. But soon I was doing back handsprings like I used to.
There is nothing like the thrill of getting a new skill, that combination of speed, mechanics, timing, muscles, guts. There is an ineffable (不可言喻的) element, too, something like faith. By the time we reach middle age, most of us have had to deal with our fair share of unwelcome surprises, like illness, family crisis or the death of a beloved parent. But gymnastics has brought the most delightful surprises-I keep getting better, surpassing what I thought were limits, amazing myself by what I can do. At a time in life when many things feel like they are sliding down the slope towards old, gymnastics is a gift of fluency and competence in motion. I’m in the best shape of my life. I’m a better gymnast now than I was at 16.
4. What inspired the author to love gymnastics when she was young
A. Her Saturday routine. B. The coach’s enthusiasm.
C. Her wish to be a gymnast. D. Pleasure from gymnastics.
5. What made the author go back to gymnastic classes in her forties
A. Her duty as a responsible parent.
B. The desire to fit in with her daughter.
C. The strong urge to play with the bars.
D. Her sweet memory of doing gymnastics.
6. Which of the following can describe the author’s personality
A. Faithful and easygoing. B. Humble and competent.
C. Passionate and persistent. D. Ambitious and considerate.
7. What does the text mainly talk about
A. The dream of a fitness woman B. A middle-aged person’s pursuit.
C. The story of a successful gymnast. D. A sport-lover’s unusual experience.
【答案】4. D 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者小时候就很喜欢体操，在四十多岁的时候如何重拾体操技能，并在后来成为一个体操运动员，感受到了体操带来的快乐和惊喜，并找到了这辈子状态最好的自己，告诉人们即使到了中年我们也不要放弃追求自己所爱，并找到更好的自己。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“I went back to class again, and again. It was hard and it was humbling. But soon I was doing back handsprings like I used to.”(我做体操只是为了娱乐——我甚至不知道有真正的健身房存在——但我一直很喜欢它。)可知，作者喜欢体操只是为了娱乐，即作者能从体操中感受到愉悦。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“But I couldn’t make it through the warmup (热身运动) at the first adult class I went. I felt bad during conditioning. I was the oldest person there. But that spark of memory glowed with possibility. I went back to class again, and again. It was hard and it was humbling. But soon I was doing back handsprings like I used to.”（但在我去的第一堂成人课上，我没能熬过热身。我在训练过程中感觉很糟糕。我是那里年龄最大的人。但那记忆的火花却闪耀着无限的可能。我一次又一次地回到教室。)可知，虽然对于四十多岁的作者而言练习体操的过程很艰难，但记忆的美好却让作者没有放弃，一次次重回体操课。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，作者在九岁的时候出于娱乐的目的，学习了体操；根据倒数第二段“That long dormant (蛰伏的) love came roaring back in my forties. It happened in an instant, at parents’ day for my daughter’s beginning gymnastics class. The bars were just sitting there, and I had this overwhelming urge to grab hold and swing. But I couldn’t make it through the warmup (热身运动) at the first adult class I went. I felt bad during conditioning. I was the oldest person there. But that spark of memory glowed with possibility. I went back to class again, and again. It was hard and it was humbling. But soon I was doing back handsprings like I used to.”(在我四十多岁的时候，那份沉睡已久的爱又呼啸而来。这一切发生在一瞬间，就在我女儿开始上体操课的家长日。栏杆就放在那里，我有一种强烈的冲动，想抓住栏杆，挥杆。但在我去的第一堂成人课上，我没能熬过热身。我在训练过程中感觉很糟糕。我是那里年龄最大的人。但那记忆的火花却闪耀着无限的可能。我一次又一次地回到教室。这很艰难，也很谦卑。但很快我就能像以前一样做后手翻了。)可知，时隔多年，在中年的时候重拾对于体操的热爱，克服了最初的困难之后，作者掌握了这项技能，遇见了更好的自己，可知即使到了中年，作者仍然能抱着热情积极的态度，坚持不懈地学习自己所热爱的体操。可推断她是一个热情且执着的人。故选C项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。纵观文章可知，作者在第一段就表明了自己已到中年，却仍然在做着年轻人的运动——体操，接下来介绍了作者与体操的渊源：九岁接触体操，四十多岁重返体操课堂，并获得了这项技能，在最后作者发表了自己的感想：即使到了中年，我们也可以去追求更好的自己，寻找更好的状态，所以C选项“一个中年人的追求”概括了文章内容。故选B项。
C
Top figure skaters spin at such unbelievably fast speeds—as many as six revolutions per second—that it can make even audiences feel a little dizzy. Although they occasionally fall down upon landing, figure skaters mostly spin through the air without losing their balance. That’s because they have conditioned their bodies and brains to stop that dizzying feeling.
Kathleen Cullen, a professor at Johns Hopkins University, studies the vestibular (前庭的) system, which is responsible for our sense of balance and motion, and says spinning without falling from dizziness is an art perfected over time. At the start of their careers, skaters and other athletes feel dizzy when they spin around. But ultimately, they train their brains to better interpret that feeling.
“Something really fundamental happens in the brain of people like dancers or skaters over lots of practice. And that’s basically a change in the way the brain is processing information,” Cullen says. “When you spin around, you’re activating the semicircular canals (半规管). They’re filled with liquid and they’re sensing your circular movement. But when you stop, the liquid has inertia and it tends to continue to move. They get a false sensation of movement. Over years of training, figure skaters’ brains have adapted and learned to ignore this error.”
Athletes also learn ways to reduce their dizziness. For example, focusing on a fixed reference or motionless object minimizes dizziness and loss of balance. “Ballet dancers often move their heads around during each turn to fixate on a visual reference. Similarly, at the end of the spin, athletes will focus on a specific spot on the wall to provide a fixed reference,” Cullen says.
“The brain and the inner ear are in constant communication with the body and one another to achieve balance,” says Brigid Dwyer, an assistant professor of neurology at Boston University School of Medicine. “For most people, however, dizziness is only a potential issue during faster and more forceful activities,” Dwyer says. “Amazingly, when needed, our brains can be well adapted to the dizzying tasks we encounter.”
8. Why do figure skaters hardly feel dizzy after spinning in the air
A. They can maintain the balance well.
B. They are in good physical condition.
C. They have trained long periods for that.
D. They are gifted at controlling their brain
9. What does the underlined word “inertia” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. The force to make an object move faster.
B. The force to get an object to start moving.
C. The nature to change an object’s original state.
D. The nature to remain an object’s original state.
10. What does Paragraph 3 focus on
A. Scientific analyses. B. Helpful perception.
C. Practical examples. D. Amazing outcome.
11. What does Brigid Dwyer seem to tell us in the last paragraph
A. Dizziness exists in many dynamic activities.
B. The brain can communicate with inner ears.
C. Communication is vital to keeping balance.
D. The brain can be used to dizziness over time.
【答案】8. D 9. D 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要分析了花样滑冰运动员大多在空中旋转而不会失去平衡的原因。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“That’s because they have conditioned their bodies and brains to stop that dizzying feeling.(这是因为他们已经调整了自己的身体和大脑来阻止这种令人眩晕的感觉。)”可知，之所以花样滑冰运动员在空中旋转后几乎不会感到头晕是因为他们擅长控制调整自己的大脑。故选D项。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第三段“They’re filled with liquid and they’re sensing your circular movement.(它们充满了液体，它们能感知你的圆周运动。)”和“it tends to continue to move.(它倾向于继续移动。)”可知，当你停下来的时候，它倾向于继续移动，说明液体是有惯性的，所以可推知画线词是“惯性”。故选D项。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第三段“Something really fundamental happens in the brain of people like dancers or skaters over lots of practice. And that’s basically a change in the way the brain is processing information(经过大量的练习，像舞者或滑冰运动员这样的人的大脑中会发生一些非常基本的事情。这基本上是大脑处理信息方式的改变)”可知，本段的重点是聚焦在对运动员的大脑信息处理方式的科学分析上。故选A项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Amazingly, when needed, our brains can be well adapted to the dizzying tasks we encounter.(令人惊讶的是，当需要时，我们的大脑可以很好地适应我们遇到的令人眼花缭乱的任务。)”可知，布丽吉德·德怀尔在最后一段似乎告诉了我们，随着时间的推移，大脑可以习惯头晕。故选D项。
D
“Going wireless is the future for just about everything!” That is a quote from scientist Sreekanth Chalasani, and we can’t help but agree. Realizing this, a team of scientists has made a breakthrough toward wirelessly controlling human cells using sound, in a technique called “sonogenetics (声遗传学).” This concept may seem strange but let us explain.
Basically, the term “sonogenetics” means using ultrasound (超声波) to change the behavior of cells in a non-invasive manner. “We already know that ultrasound is safe, and that it can go through bone, muscle and other tissues, making it the ultimate tool for controlling cells deep in the body,” says Chalasani.
Low-frequency ultrasound waves can target a particular protein that is sensitive to the signal. This research, published in Nature Communications, focused on TRPA1. When this protein is stimulated through the ultrasound waves, it also stimulates the cells which carry it. What type of cell is being stimulated depends on the outcome. For example, a muscle cell may contract with stimulation, or a neuron (神经元) in the brain will fire. In this experiment, scientists genetically marked cells with an increased concentration of TRPA1, making them the key targets of the ultrasound waves.
Currently, treating conditions like Parkinson’s disease requires scientists to implant electrodes (电极) in the brain which stimulate certain disordered cells. Researchers hope that sonogenetics can one day replace these invasive treatments.
In the future, the team wants to adjust the placement and amount of TRPAI around the body using the gene treatment. Gene delivery techniques have already been shown to be successful in humans, such as in treating blindness. Therefore, it’s just a case of adjusting this theory to a different sound-based setting.
“Gene delivery techniques already exist for getting a new gene—such as TRPA1—into the human heart,” Chalasani says. “If we can then use an external ultrasound device to activate those cells, that could really change pacemakers.” There is still a while to go before this treatment can become a reality. The future for sonogenetics, though, looks bright.
12. What’s working principle for sonogenetics
A. Using medicine interventional therapies.
B. Changing cells’ shape with new equipment.
C. Controlling cells in a non-invasive manner.
D. Using a kind of unique medical composition.
13. What did the scientists do in the experiment
A. Change the concentration of the protein.
B. Find target cells for treatment precisely.
C. Analyze the protein sensitive to the sign.
D. Choose the type of cell to be stimulated.
14. What can we learn about sonogenetics from Paragraphs 4 and 5
A. It can be applied to other fields besides medicine.
B. It may replace some traditional medical therapies.
C. It will totally transform gene delivery techniques.
D. It has succeeded in curing diseases like blindness.
15. What’s the best title for the text
A. Can cells be controlled by sound
B. How is sonogenetics clinically used
C. Are gene delivery techniques available
D. What are applications of sonogenetics
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家在声音无线控制人类细胞方面取得了突破，这项技术被称为“声遗传学”技术，并进一步介绍了其原理、工作方式及发展前景。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“ Basically, the term “sonogenetics” means using ultrasound (超声波) to change the behavior of cells in a non-invasive manner. ”(基本上，“超声遗传学”一词意味着使用超声波以非侵入性的方式改变细胞的行为。)可知，生遗传学的工作原理是通过非入侵方式来控制细胞。故选C项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Low--frequency ultrasound waves can target a particular protein that is sensitive to the signal. This research, published in Nature Communications, focused on TRPA1. When this protein is stimulated through the ultrasound waves, it also stimulates the cells which carry it.”(低频超声波可以瞄准对信号敏感的特定蛋白质。这项研究发表在《自然通讯》上，重点关注TRPA1。当这种蛋白质受到超声波的刺激时，它也会刺激携带它的细胞。哪种类型的细胞受到刺激取决于结果。)及“In this experiment, scientists genetically marked cells with an increased concentration of TRPA1, making them the key targets of the ultrasound waves. ”(在这个实验中，科学家们用基因标记了细胞中TRPA1浓度的增加，使它们成为超声波的关键目标。)可知，科学家通过干预细胞上的蛋白质TRPA1，使它们成为低频超声波的瞄准对象，从而刺激携带了这种蛋白质的细胞，从而达到治疗的目的，所以科学家在实验中做的是精确地找到治疗的目标细胞。故选B项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Currently, treating conditions like Parkinson’s disease requires scientists to implant electrodes (电极) in the brain which stimulate certain disordered cells. Researchers hope that sonogenetics can one day replace these invasive treatments.”(目前，治疗帕金森氏症等疾病需要科学家在大脑中植入电极来刺激某些紊乱的细胞。研究人员希望超声遗传学有朝一日能取代这些侵入性治疗。)及第五段“In the future, the team wants to adjust the placement and amount of TRPAI around the body using the gene treatment. Gene delivery techniques have already been shown to be successful in humans, such as in treating blindness. Therefore, it’s just a case of adjusting this theory to a different sound-based setting.”(未来，该团队希望通过基因治疗来调整TRPAI在身体周围的位置和数量。基因传递技术已经在人类身上被证明是成功的，比如在治疗失明方面。因此，这只是将这一理论调整到另一个不同的基于声音环境的案例。)可知，基因传递技术已经被证明是成功的，因而利用超声遗传学取代一些传统的侵入性治疗是有可能的。故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。文章第一段 “Realizing this, a team of scientists has made a breakthrough toward wirelessly controlling human cells using sound, in a technique called ‘onogenetics (声遗传学).”(意识到这一点，一组科学家在利用声音无线控制人类细胞方面取得了突破，他们采用了一种被称为“声遗传学”的技术)可知，文章主要围绕生遗传学，即利用声音控制细胞展开说明，接下来分段进一步说明了其原理、工作方式及发展前景，所以A“细胞可以被声音控制吗？”以设问的方式，概括了文章的中心内容。故选A项。
第二节（共5小题；每小题25分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
With a tough economy, it’s difficult to meet our employees’ expectation of salary increases. ____16____ Well, here are some important factors that help employees improve their work efficiency, in addition to money.
Recognizing a person’s strong contribution is important, which can take many forms. Examples include taking someone to lunch and letting them know how much you value their performance. You publicly recognize someone’s performance with details of what they did. ____17____ These should be done at annual events in the presence of their peers.
Another one is motivational climate. Take a look around at the work environment and do whatever you can to make it a more pleasant place. There are many ways to upgrade a working environment, which will be appreciated by employees working there long hours a day. ____18____ Make it clear that you’re doing this “in recognition of your strong contributions” until the business improves.
You can invite them to a party to simply celebrate their good work. Do some team-building exercises that are fun and motivating. Bounce some ideas off them of how to achieve your business goals. ____19____
____20____ To achieve this, keep your door open. Show your care about them. Take an interest in their families, their hobbies, and their development. Open up to them and listen more. Of course it takes time and effort to build good relationships with people. But it’s worth the investment.
A. Certificates of honor can even be presented.
B How can we motivate them to keep dynamic
C. What can we do to have them stay on the job
D. Trustworthy people are far more likely to cooperate.
E. What can also inspire employees is trust and understanding.
F. Conduct group brainstorms about ways to increase sales figures.
G. If you aren’t sure what to do, ask your employees what they’d like.
【答案】16. B 17. A 18. G 19. F 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是激励员工，帮助员工提高工作效率的方法和策略。
【16题详解】
根据空后的“Well, here are some important factors that help employees improve their work efficiency, in addition to money.(除了钱，这里有一些重要的因素可以帮助员工提高工作效率。)”可知，此处是对空处内容做出的回答，所以，此空应为提出问题，B选项“How can we motivate them to keep dynamic (我们怎样才能激励他们保持活力呢？)”与空后的内容衔接，且为疑问句。故选B项。
【17题详解】
根据本段的主题句“Recognizing a person’s strong contribution is important, which can take many forms.(承认一个人的巨大贡献是很重要的，这可以有很多形式。)”可知，本段讲述的是承认一个人巨大贡献的形式，A选项“Certificates of honor can even be presented.(甚至还可以颁发荣誉证书。)”讲述的是颁发荣誉证书，这是认可员工所做贡献的一种形式，与本段的主题一致，且与空前的“You publicly recognize someone’s performance with details of what they did.(你公开承认某人的表现，并详细描述他们的行为。)”讲述的内容衔接，选项中的even表示对他们的进一步认可。故选A项。
【18题详解】
根据空前的“There are many ways to upgrade a working environment, which will be appreciated by employees working there long hours a day.(有很多方法可以改善工作环境，这将受到每天工作很长时间的员工的欢迎。)”可知，改善工作环境的方法有很多种，根据空后的“Make it clear that you’re doing this “in recognition of your strong contributions” until the business improves.(明确表示你这样做是为了“表彰你的杰出贡献”，直到业务好转。)”可知，一定要明确表示你这样做的目的，G选项“If you aren’t sure what to do, ask your employees what they’d like.(如果你不确定该怎么做，问问你的员工他们想要什么。)”讲述的是在自己不知道做什么的情况下，问一下员工喜欢什么，与空前内容衔接，且与空后的内容一致。故选G项。
【19题详解】
根据空前的“Do some team-building exercises that are fun and motivating. Bounce some ideas off them of how to achieve your business goals.(做一些有趣又能激励人的团队建设练习。从他们那里得到一些关于如何实现你的商业目标的想法。)”可知，在组织团建活动是，可以从他们那里得到一些实现你商业目标的想法，F选项“Conduct group brainstorms about ways to increase sales figures.(组织小组头脑风暴，讨论增加销售数字的方法。)”讲述的也是组织团建活动是可以获取的信息，与空前的内容一致。故选F项。
【20题详解】
分析语篇可知，此处为本段的主题句，根据空后的“To achieve this, keep your door open. Show your care about them. Take an interest in their families, their hobbies, and their development. Open up to them and listen more. (要做到这一点，敞开你的大门。表现出你对他们的关心。关心他们的家庭，他们的爱好和他们的发展。向他们敞开心扉，多倾听。)”可知，向他们敞开心扉，关系他们的家庭，他们的爱好与发展，多倾听，由此可知，本段讲述的是要信任和理解你的员工，E选项“What can also inspire employees is trust and understanding.(同样可以激励员工的是信任和理解。)”讲述的内容是要信任和理解员工，与空后的内容一致，且概括了空后的内容。故选E项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分。满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A, B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My grandmother is the woman who plays a significant role in my life. It’s particularly ____21____ because this is the first year of my life that she hasn’t been with us, but she continues to ____22____ me in so many ways.
She was a(n) ____23____ grandmother. She was the ____24____ of our family. She grew up in an era when women were not expected to have ____25____, but having left school in her teens due to poverty, she worked day and night to ____26____ a business with my grandfather, managing to save enough money to send my father to a good school.
She was famous for her ____27____, so everyone loved her cakes. She always got involved in social life and ____28____, spending 50 years of her life working for their local village committee. She ____29____ good memories, saying how she would keep them in her mind and get them out whenever she wanted the pleasure of recalling the past. She wouldn’t focus on _____30_____, though, saying that it “doesn’t do good to look back too much”.
We live in a time when women are _____31_____ to have it all. My grandmother, born in the 1920s, had it all before it was fashionable. The _____32_____, however, was that she never made it about her. She _____33_____ her life to other people and kept positive because of it.
She _____34_____ me to seek the good, not pay much attention to the bad and take an interest in something _____35_____. Thank you, Granny.
21. A. sad B. free C. special D. easy
22. A. remind B. hurt C. influence D. shock
23. A. delicate B. advanced C. humble D. devoted
24. A. servant B. center C. origin D. volunteer
25. A. morals B. education C. careers D. wealth
26. A. establish B. approach C. reserve D. control
27. A. taste B. design C. cooking D. training
28. A. backed down B. helped out C. broke down D. stood out
29. A. treasured B. erased C. generated D. upgraded
30. A. relationship B. hardship C. leadership D. friendship
31. A. scheduled B. forced C. chosen D. expected
32. A. difference B. feature C. possibility D. process
33. A. addicted B. compared C. exposed D. contributed
34. A. bothered B. threatened C. shaped D. promised
35. A. profitable B. positive C. strange D. romantic
【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是奶奶不平凡的经历教会了作者珍惜美好的事物，不去思考不好的事情，并且对每件事情都感兴趣。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尤其令人难过的是，这是我生命中的第一年她没有和我们在一起，但她继续在很多方面影响着我。A. sad伤心的；B. free自由的；C. special特别的；D. easy容易的。根据下文中的“because this is the first year of my life that she hasn’t been with us”可知，因为这是没有奶奶与我们在一起的第一年，所以此处应是“伤心的”。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：尤其令人难过的是，这是我生命中的第一年她没有和我们在一起，但她继续在很多方面影响着我。A. remind提醒；B. hurt伤害；C. influence影响；D. shock使震惊。根据全文和下文中的“She ____14____ me to seek the good, not pay much attention to the bad and take an interest in something ____15____ .”可知，奶奶教给作者很多事情，所以此处应是“影响”着作者。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她是一位慈爱的祖母。A. delicate精美的，脆弱的；B. advanced先进的；C. humble谦逊的；D. devoted挚爱的。根据上文“ It’s particularly 1 because this is the first year of my life that she hasn’t been with us, but she continues to 2 me in so many ways.”可知，对于作者来说祖母是慈爱的。故选D项。
【24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她是我们家的自告奋勇者。A. servant仆人；B. center中心；C. origin起源；D. volunteer自告奋勇者，战士。根据语境和下文中的“she worked day and night to ____6____ a business with my grandfather, managing to save enough money to send my father to a good school.”可知，奶奶夜以继日的工作，攒钱送作者的父亲去好学校上学，由此可知，奶奶是我们家的“战士”符合语境。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她成长在一个女性不被期望有事业的时代，由于贫困，她在十几岁的时候就辍学了，但是她日夜工作，和我的祖父一起创业，设法攒够了钱，让我的父亲上了一所好学校。A. morals道德；B. education教育；C. careers职业；D. wealth财富。根据下文中的“We live in a time when women are ____11____ to have it all.”与此处形成对比，现在我们生活在女性被期望拥有一切，而奶奶那时是不被期望有“事业”的时代，并结合下文中的but和“she worked day and night to ____6____ a business with my grandfather”可知，奶奶却与爷爷一起“创业”帮助作者父亲去上好的学校。故选C项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她成长在一个女性不被期望有事业的时代，但由于贫困，她在十几岁的时候就辍学了，但是她日夜工作，和我的祖父一起创业，设法攒够了钱，让我的父亲上了一所好学校。A. establish建立，创立；B. approach接近；C. reserve预留；D. control控制。根据下文中“ a business with my grandfather, managing to save enough money to send my father to a good school.”可知，奶奶她与爷爷一起“创业”，establish a business意为“创业”。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她以烹饪闻名，所以每个人都喜欢她做的蛋糕。A. taste口味；B. design设计；C. cooking厨艺；D. training培训。根据下文中的“so everyone loved her cakes.”可知，大家都喜欢她做的糕饼，所以此处指的是“厨艺”符合语境。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她总是参与社会生活，帮助别人，在当地的村委会工作了50年。A. backed down放弃，认输；B. helped out帮助摆脱困境；C. broke down累垮；D. stood out显眼，杰出。根据上文中的“She always got involved in social life”以及下文中的“spending 50 years of her life working for their local village committee.”可知，奶奶热衷于参加社会活动，在当地村委会工作了50多年，由此可推断，此处指的是“帮助走出困境”符合语境。故选B项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她珍藏着美好的回忆，说她会把它们记在心里，当她想要回忆过去的快乐时，就把它们拿出来。A. treasured珍藏；B. erased擦除；C. generated产生；D. upgraded升级。根据下文中的“saying how she would keep them in her mind and get them out whenever she wanted the pleasure of recalling the past.”可知，奶奶说自己想要回忆过去快乐的事情的时候，就把他们拿出来，由此可知，此处指的是“珍藏”美好的记忆。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，她不会把重点放在艰难困苦上，她说“回头看太多没有好处”。A. relationship关系；B. hardship艰难；C. leadership领导才能；D. friendship友谊。根据下文中的“though, saying that it “doesn’t do good to look back too much”可知，此处讲述的与上文内容相反，上文中介绍的是奶奶珍藏美好的记忆，而此处对应的是奶奶不关注“艰难”的事情，因为回顾这些没什么好处。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们生活在一个期望女性拥有一切的时代。A. scheduled计划；B. forced强迫；C. chosen选择；D. expected期望。根据上文中的“She grew up in an era when women were not expected to have ____5____”可知，此处与空处讲述的内容相对应，那时候女性不被期望有自己的事业，而此处指的是现在女性被“期望”有一切。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，不同的是，她从来没有把这件事放在自己身上。A. difference区别；B. feature特色；C. possibility可能；D. process过程。根据上文中的“We live in a time when women are ____11____ to have it all. My grandmother, born in the 1920s, had it all before it was fashionable.”可知，现在女性被期望拥有一切，而奶奶在那个时代也拥有一切，结合however可知，此处指两个时带下“拥有一切的区别。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她为他人贡献了自己的生命，并因此保持积极的态度。A. addicted使上瘾；B. compared比较；C. exposed暴露；D. contributed捐赠，贡献。根据语境和和上文“She always got involved in social life and 8 , spending 50 years of her life working for their local village committee.”可知，奶奶经常帮助他人，所以此处指的是奶奶将自己的一生“奉献”给其他人，并因此而保持积极向上。故选D项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她把我塑造成追求好的一面，不太关注坏的一面，并且对积极的事情感兴趣。A. bothered麻烦；B. threatened威胁；C. shaped塑造；D. promised承诺。根据语境和下文中的“Thank you, Granny.”可知，作者对奶奶表示感谢，是因为奶奶把她“塑造”成为关注好的一面而不太关注坏的一面的人，此处也是奶奶对作者的影响。故选C项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她把我塑造成追求好的一面，不太关注坏的一面，对积极的事情感兴趣。A. profitable有利润的；B. positive积极的；C. strange奇怪的；D. romantic浪漫的。根据语境和上文中的“She ____13____ her life to other people and kept positive because of it.”可知，奶奶把自己的人生奉献给别人而因此始终保持积极向上，由此可知，此处指的是作者受奶奶的影响，学会对“积极的”事情感兴趣。故选B项。
第二节（共10小题；每小题15分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese archaeologists have unearthed a big bronze beast. It’s one of the most highly ____36____ (anticipate) treasures of the Sanxingdui Ruins. The bronze was discovered in July last year, but archaeologists successfully lifted it out of the pit a year later, ____37____ they were sorting out all other bronze objects piled on the top of the statue.
The bronze animal is the ____38____ (big) ever found in decades of digging at the Sanxingdui Ruins. It weighs around 150kg and has a large mouth, small waist, huge ears and four feet. A small human statue ____39____ (attach) to the creature’s head and appears ____40____ (ride) or controlling the animal. According to Zhao Hao, a Peking University archaeologist in charge of the pit that contained ____41____ object, all other bronze animals uncovered at the site in the 1980s measured around 20 to 30cm “But this one is very large in size, with height and width both ____42____ (measure) about one metre. It’s the only one at the whole site,” Zhao said.
The bronze beast can be seen as a cultural relic nonexistent before not just in China, ____43____ in the world. UNESCO sent ____44____ (congratulate) on the amazing new discovery through a video. Meanwhile, governors of Sichuan Province are preparing an application _____45_____ (include) Sanxingdui Ruins on the World Cultural Heritage List.
【答案】36. anticipated
37. when 38. biggest
39. is attached
40. to be riding
41. the 42. measuring
43. but 44. congratulations
45. to include
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介了中国考古学家挖掘出了一尊巨大的青铜野兽像并进一步说明了这尊野兽像的提取过程、基本信息及其地位。
【36题详解】
考查形容词作定语。句意：它是三星堆遗址中最令人期待的宝藏之一。设空处位于名词treasures前面作定语，可知设空处要用形容词；anticipate的形容词为anticipated，意为“受期待的，让人期盼的”。故填anticipated。
【37题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：这尊青铜雕像是去年7月发现，但考古学家们在一年后才成功地将其从坑中取出，那时他们正在整理堆积在雕像顶部的所有其他青铜器。分析句子成分和句子结构可知，设空后含有谓语动词were sorting，与前面的句子archaeologists successfully lifted it out of the pit a year later之间需要连词连接，所以设空处要填连词；根据句意可知，they were sorting out all other bronze objects piled on the top of the statue对前面的句子起着补充说明作用，所以这是一个非限制性定语从句；先行词是a year later，在从句中作时间状语，所以要用关系副词when来引导从句。故填when。
【38题详解】
考查形容词最高级。句意：这只青铜兽是在三星堆遗址几十年的挖掘中发现的最大的青铜兽。根据设空前的the及后文ever found in decades of digging at the Sanxingdui Ruins可知，在几十年的挖掘中，挖掘出的青铜兽的数量肯定超过了3，所以此处要用最高级。故填biggest。
【39题详解】
考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：一个小的人类雕像被固定在动物的头上，看起来骑着或控制着动物。根据句中的并列词and及后面的并列谓语动词appears可知，设空处也需要用一般现在时；句子主语a small human statue与谓语动词attach之间是被动关系，所以要用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is attached。
【40题详解】
考查不定式的进行式。句意：一个小的人类雕像被固定在动物的头上，看起来骑着或控制着动物。根据设空前的appears可知，此处考查固定搭配appear to do sth.；再结合设空后的并列词or及后面的controlling可知，设空处要用不定式的进行式。故填to be riding。
【41题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：北京大学负责该青铜像所属坑的考古学家赵昊表示，三星堆挖掘从1980年代开始，发现的其他所有青铜兽都在20—30厘米（7.9—11.8英寸）左右。分析语境可知，object指的是上文提到的青铜像，特指上文提到过的东西，前面要用定冠词the。故填the。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：但这一只的尺寸非常大，高和宽都有一米左右。这是整个遗址中唯一的一个。观察句子结构可知，此处考查with复合结构，height，width与measure“宽达……”之间是主动关系，所以要用现在分词。故填measuring。
【43题详解】
考查并列连词。句意：这只青铜兽不仅在中国，而且在世界上都是史无前例的文物。根据句意可知，此处考查固定搭配not just/only…but(also)，意为“不仅……而且”。故填but。
【44题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：联合国教科文组织通过视频对这一惊人的新发现表示祝贺。设空处位于及物动词sent后面充当宾语，所以要用名词形式；用名词表示“祝贺……”时，congratulation常用复数形式。故填congratulations。
【45题详解】
考查不定式。句意：同时，四川省政府官员正在准备将三星堆遗址列入《世界文化遗产名录》的申请。句中已有谓语动词are preparing，无连词，空处为非谓语动词，表示“……的申请”且动作还未发生，应用不定式。故填to include。
第四部分 写作（共两节；满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你班同学打算本周六下午在絮琅湖畔举办野餐活动。请你给外教Ella写封邮件，邀请地一起参加并共赏繁琅湖夜景。内容包括：
1. 具体安排：
2. 活动内容：
3. 期待回复。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ella,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Ella,
Given that you hold a strong passion for outdoor activities, I’m more than glad to express my sincere invitation to you to take part in the picnic organized by our class.
As planned, we are supposed to gather at our school gate at 13 o’clock this Saturday. And then we will go to the Xulang Lake by bus, which is about half an hour’s ride．After arriving there, some of us are going to play games. At the same time, classmates who are interested in music can sing songs together. After that, we plan to collect rubbish that is thrown about by careless visitors till 16：00. Each of us should bring his favorite food and we’d better wear sun glasses to protect us from the strong sunlight. When the sun sets, we will sit around and have a wonderful dinner by the lake. One of the most appealing activities is that we can enjoy the cool wind and appreciate the beautiful night scene along the bank.
I am looking forward to your reply．
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给外教Ella写信，邀请他参加野餐活动并共赏繁琅湖夜景。
【详解】1.词汇积累
诚挚的：sincere→ genuine
开心的：glad→ delighted
计划：planned → scheduled
美丽的：beautiful→fascinating
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句原句：Each of us should bring his favorite food and we’d better wear sun glasses to protect us from the strong sunlight.
拓展句：Each of us should bring his favorite food and we’d better wear sun glasses which plays an important role in protecting us from the strong sunlight
【点睛】【高分句型1】At the same time, classmates who are interested in music can sing songs together. (运用了who引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】And then we will go to the Laodong Park by bus, which is about an hour’s ride.(运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Julia spent most days doing the cleaning in a commercial building with a fancy supermarket, a gym, a spa (温泉疗养中心), and a few fast food places. . It was fairly populated, and people often showed kindness to her.
She often bought loaves of old-day bread in the supermarket and the employees there were familiar with her. During her break time, she liked to observe people, especially families. Julia often saw a lady in the building. Usually the lady went to the gym first and then headed to the spa. Later, she’d come out dressed like a manager. One day, the woman took her kid with her. The little boy was no more than eight years old and didn’t look happy to be there with his mom.
“Jimmy, come on. I have to go to the gym now and hurry to get to work on time later,” the mother said in a rush.
The boy protested with a sad voice, “What am I going to do while you’re working out ” “Just sit still and read your book in the waiting area,” the mother replied.
“Can you at least buy me some candy You promised earlier,” the boy complained. “I don’t have time right now. Please hurry inside,” the mother answered.
Then the mother took the son’s hand and rushed into the gym. Julia witnessed this all and was reminded of her own similar busy life in the past. She was once also a young busy woman. Her personal and work-related matters always came first in her life. She failed to spare enough time for her son and attach enough importance to his wishes. When she realized her problems, it was too late. Her son lost his life in an accident, leaving her with deep sadness and regret. To make matters worse, her company went bankrupt (破产) soon after.
Reflecting on her past life, Julia had a thought. Though she was not wealthy, she wanted to do something nice for the boy: buy him a bar of chocolate.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then Julia went inside the supermarket.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Smiling, Julia presented the chocolate bar to the boy.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Then Julia went inside the supermarket. Seeing Julia coming in, the employees in the supermarket greeted her warmly and one of them asked Julia, “Are you going to buy old-day bread ” “No, not today,” answered Julia, “I want to buy a bar of chocolate.” Amazed, the employee looked at Julia, as if he didn’t know her. After choosing a bar of chocolate, Julia left the supermarket. She returned to the gym and found the boy in the waiting area.
Smiling, Julia presented the chocolate bar to the boy. Astonished, obviously the boy didn’t want to take the chocolate from a stranger. “Don’t be afraid, boy, I am a worker here. Your mother promised to buy you some candy, but she was too busy to buy it, so she asked me to buy this chocolate for you. You can have it while waiting for your mother,” said Julia. Hearing this, the boy took the chocolate and smiled, saying “Thank you.” Seeing the boy enjoying the chocolate, Julia felt very happy as if she were watching her son tasting the chocolate.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，Julia在一栋商业大楼里工作，她经常观察那里的人，一天她看到一位女士带着她的儿子来健身房，显然这位女士很忙，没时间照顾儿子，答应给儿子买糖果也没时间去买。Julia想到自己以前也是这种状况并且她已经失去了儿子，她就想为这个小男孩做点事：给他买块巧克力。Julia给小男孩买来了巧克力，看着小男孩吃巧克力，她再次想起自己的儿子。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然后Julia走进了超市。”可知，第一段可描写Julia去超市给小男孩买巧克力。
②由第二段首句内容“面带微笑，Julia把巧克力棒递给男孩。”可知，第二段可描写Julia把巧克力给小男孩以及两人的对话。
2.续写线索：了解小男孩和妈妈的情况——决定为小男孩做点事——去超市买巧克力——把巧克力给小男孩——看着小男孩吃巧克力——再次想起自己的儿子
3.词汇激活
行为类
①买：buy/purchase
②返回：return/go back
③承诺：promise/undertake
情绪类
①惊讶的：astonished/surprised
②高兴地：happy/pleased
【点睛】[高分句型1] Amazed, the employee looked at Julia, as if he didn’t know her. （运用形容词作状语和as if引导的状语从句）
[高分句型2] You can have it while waiting for your mother（运用了while引导的时间状语从句的省略）
[高分句型3] Hearing this, the boy took the chocolate and smiled, saying “Thank you.”（运用了现在分词作状语）2023～2024学年（上）高三期初质量监测
英语
注意事项
考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求：
1. 本试卷共10页，包含听力（共30分）、阅读（共50分）、语言运用（共30分）、写作（共40分）四部分。本次考试满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。
2. 答题前，请您务必将自己的姓名、考试号等用黑色0.5毫米签字笔填写在答题卡上。
3. 作答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的0.5毫米签字笔写在答题卡上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律无效，作答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What did the man do last night
A. He made a cake. B. He planned a party. C. He cleaned the kitchen.
2. What is the weather like now
A. Wet. B. Cold. C. Hot.
3. What will the woman order
A. Fruit pudding. B. Apple pie. C. Chocolate cake.
4. What is the woman’s problem
A. Her shirt is worn wrong. B. Her button is broken. C. Her shirt is old.
5. What might the woman be
A. A lawyer. B. A politician. C. A journalist.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How does the woman feel about football
A. She doesn’t like it. B. She likes to watch it. C. She would rather play it.
7. What will the woman do tonight
A. Work overtime. B. Go ice skating C. Have her friends over.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. The travel to space. B. The view from space C. The beauty of outer space.
9. Who probably took the pictures
A. Robots. B. Astronauts. C. NASA researchers.
10. What was recently discovered by the U.S.
A. An old hole. B. The age of the Earth. C. A huge falling stone.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What does the woman probably think about her visit
A. It is tiring. B. is wonderful. C. h is unimpressive.
12. What is the man’s role today
A. An interviewer. B. A guide. C. A chef.
13. Which cuisine does the woman probably eat for lunch today
A. Brazilian food. B. Indian food. C. Thai food.
听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。
14. How does the woman feel
A. Cautious. B. Happy. C. Angry.
15. How long has the man had the knife
A. For three weeks. B. For two weeks. C. For one week.
16. Where are the speakers
A. In the bedroom. B. h the kitchen. C. in the living room.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What time is the report probably being given
A. AM 1:00. B. At 2:00. C. At 3:00.
18. What is expected to happen tomorrow
A. An awards ceremony. B. A new weather pattern. C. A traffic jam.
19. What is new in the downtown area
A. A street. B. A bridge. C. A building.
20 Where is a wonderful place to view the race
A. Willow Street. B. Green Street. C. Angel Avenue.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
There are thousands of incredible trails that allow us to get up close to nature and here are 4 of the best hiking trails in the world.
Pennine Way, the United Kingdom
Stretching 268 miles from the Derbyshire Peak District to the Scottish Borders, the Pennine Way is the United Kingdom’s most famous long-distance path. The entire walk takes around three weeks, passing over wild east of Manchester and through the picturesque Yorkshire Dales, before crossing the ancient border of Hadrian’s Wall and moving on toward Scotland.
Camino de Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Rather than following a single path, the Camino, also known as the Way of St James, is actually a series of different pilgrimage (朝圣) routes. The most popular modem route follows a line across northern Spain from the French Pyrenees. While some choose to stay at monasteries (修道院) along the way, plenty of operators offer hotel stays and luggage transfers.
Appalachian Trail, the United States
Extending for 2,200 miles, the Appalachian Trail is billed as the longest hiking-only footpath in the world. It runs from Springer Mountain in Georgia to Mount Katahdin in Maine, passing through some of the most remote places in the United States. Those keen on comfort can use companies like Go Shenandoah, which offers pre-booked accommodation and packed lunches.
The Basho Wayfarer, Japan
This self-guided trip follows a route taken by the poet Matsuo Basho over 300 years ago. The six-day hike starts in Sendai and works its way through the northern Toboku region, passing through the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Hiraizumi and along the ancient Dewa Kaido path, with its wonderful forests, before heading into the mountains of Natagiri-toge and finishing at the temple of Yamadera.
1. Which hiking trail will allow hikers to see the old wall
A. Pennine Way. B. Appalachian Trail.
C. The Basho Wayfarer. D. Camino de Santiago de Compostela.
2. What do Camino de Santiago de Compostela and Appalachian Trail have in common
A. They have more than one popular route.
B. They have beautiful scenery along the way.
C. Hikers on the two trails can get the desired help.
D. Hikers on the two trails may get across two countries.
3. What can a hiker do if he chooses The Basho Wayfarer
A. Stay at a monastery. B. Visit famous ancient sites.
C. Find a guide to accompany him. D. Pre-book accommodation and lunches.
B
I’m 52, and as surprising as it may seem. I’m a gymnast. In a sport for young girls, I have found an unlikely path to joy. When I enter the gym, no matter how much stress I might be feeling, my mind clears and I forget my life. I think of nothing but what I am doing.
When I was 9, I went every Saturday to a gymnastic academy. The coach had gray hair and wore ballet shoes and had boundless enthusiasm. He would say, “You are going to be a gymnast.” And I believed him. I vividly remember the first time I did a roundoff back handspring by myself, the weightlessness of it. I lived for Saturday mornings. I only ever did gymnastics recreationally—I didn’t even know real gyms existed—but I always loved it.
That long dormant (蛰伏的) love came roaring back in my forties. It happened in an instant, at parents’ day for my daughter’s beginning gymnastics class. The bars were just sitting there, and I had this overwhelming urge to grab hold and swing. But I couldn’t make it through the warmup (热身运动) at the first adult class I went. I felt bad during conditioning. I was the oldest person there. But that spark of memory glowed with possibility. I went back to class again, and again. It was hard and it was humbling. But soon I was doing back handsprings like I used to.
There is nothing like the thrill of getting a new skill, that combination of speed, mechanics, timing, muscles, guts. There is an ineffable (不可言喻的) element, too, something like faith. By the time we reach middle age, most of us have had to deal with our fair share of unwelcome surprises, like illness, family crisis or the death of a beloved parent. But gymnastics has brought the most delightful surprises-I keep getting better, surpassing what I thought were limits, amazing myself by what I can do. At a time in life when many things feel like they are sliding down the slope towards old, gymnastics is a gift of fluency and competence in motion. I’m in the best shape of my life. I’m a better gymnast now than I was at 16.
4. What inspired the author to love gymnastics when she was young
A. Her Saturday routine. B. The coach’s enthusiasm.
C. Her wish to be a gymnast. D. Pleasure from gymnastics.
5. What made the author go back to gymnastic classes in her forties
A. Her duty as a responsible parent.
B. The desire to fit in with her daughter.
C. The strong urge to play with the bars.
D. Her sweet memory of doing gymnastics.
6. Which of the following can describe the author’s personality
A. Faithful and easygoing. B. Humble and competent.
C. Passionate and persistent. D. Ambitious and considerate.
7. What does the text mainly talk about
A. The dream of a fitness woman B. A middle-aged person’s pursuit.
C. The story of a successful gymnast. D. A sport-lover’s unusual experience.
C
Top figure skaters spin at such unbelievably fast speeds—as many as six revolutions per second—that it can make even audiences feel a little dizzy. Although they occasionally fall down upon landing, figure skaters mostly spin through the air without losing their balance. That’s because they have conditioned their bodies and brains to stop that dizzying feeling.
Kathleen Cullen, a professor at Johns Hopkins University, studies the vestibular (前庭的) system, which is responsible for our sense of balance and motion, and says spinning without falling from dizziness is an art perfected over time. At the start of their careers, skaters and other athletes feel dizzy when they spin around. But ultimately, they train their brains to better interpret that feeling.
“Something really fundamental happens in the brain of people like dancers or skaters over lots of practice. And that’s basically a change in the way the brain is processing information,” Cullen says. “When you spin around, you’re activating the semicircular canals (半规管). They’re filled with liquid and they’re sensing your circular movement. But when you stop, the liquid has inertia and it tends to continue to move. They get a false sensation of movement. Over years of training, figure skaters’ brains have adapted and learned to ignore this error.”
Athletes also learn ways to reduce their dizziness. For example, focusing on a fixed reference or motionless object minimizes dizziness and loss of balance. “Ballet dancers often move their heads around during each turn to fixate on a visual reference. Similarly, at the end of the spin, athletes will focus on a specific spot on the wall to provide a fixed reference,” Cullen says.
“The brain and the inner ear are in constant communication with the body and one another to achieve balance,” says Brigid Dwyer, an assistant professor of neurology at Boston University School of Medicine. “For most people, however, dizziness is only a potential issue during faster and more forceful activities,” Dwyer says. “Amazingly, when needed, our brains can be well adapted to the dizzying tasks we encounter.”
8. Why do figure skaters hardly feel dizzy after spinning in the air
A. They can maintain the balance well.
B. They are in good physical condition.
C. They have trained long periods for that.
D. They are gifted at controlling their brain
9. What does the underlined word “inertia” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. The force to make an object move faster.
B. The force to get an object to start moving.
C The nature to change an object’s original state.
D. The nature to remain an object’s original state.
10. What does Paragraph 3 focus on
A. Scientific analyses. B. Helpful perception.
C. Practical examples. D. Amazing outcome.
11. What does Brigid Dwyer seem to tell us in the last paragraph
A. Dizziness exists in many dynamic activities.
B. The brain can communicate with inner ears.
C. Communication is vital to keeping balance.
D. The brain can be used to dizziness over time.
D
“Going wireless is the future for just about everything!” That is a quote from scientist Sreekanth Chalasani, and we can’t help but agree. Realizing this, a team of scientists has made a breakthrough toward wirelessly controlling human cells using sound, in a technique called “sonogenetics (声遗传学).” This concept may seem strange but let us explain.
Basically, the term “sonogenetics” means using ultrasound (超声波) to change the behavior of cells in a non-invasive manner. “We already know that ultrasound is safe, and that it can go through bone, muscle and other tissues, making it the ultimate tool for controlling cells deep in the body,” says Chalasani.
Low-frequency ultrasound waves can target a particular protein that is sensitive to the signal. This research, published in Nature Communications, focused on TRPA1. When this protein is stimulated through the ultrasound waves, it also stimulates the cells which carry it. What type of cell is being stimulated depends on the outcome. For example, a muscle cell may contract with stimulation, or a neuron (神经元) in the brain will fire. In this experiment, scientists genetically marked cells with an increased concentration of TRPA1, making them the key targets of the ultrasound waves.
Currently, treating conditions like Parkinson’s disease requires scientists to implant electrodes (电极) in the brain which stimulate certain disordered cells. Researchers hope that sonogenetics can one day replace these invasive treatments.
In the future, the team wants to adjust the placement and amount of TRPAI around the body using the gene treatment. Gene delivery techniques have already been shown to be successful in humans, such as in treating blindness. Therefore, it’s just a case of adjusting this theory to a different sound-based setting.
“Gene delivery techniques already exist for getting a new gene—such as TRPA1—into the human heart,” Chalasani says. “If we can then use an external ultrasound device to activate those cells, that could really change pacemakers.” There is still a while to go before this treatment can become a reality. The future for sonogenetics, though, looks bright.
12. What’s working principle for sonogenetics
A. Using medicine interventional therapies.
B. Changing cells’ shape with new equipment.
C. Controlling cells in a non-invasive manner.
D Using a kind of unique medical composition.
13. What did the scientists do in the experiment
A. Change the concentration of the protein.
B. Find target cells for treatment precisely.
C. Analyze the protein sensitive to the sign.
D. Choose the type of cell to be stimulated.
14. What can we learn about sonogenetics from Paragraphs 4 and 5
A. It can be applied to other fields besides medicine.
B. It may replace some traditional medical therapies.
C. It will totally transform gene delivery techniques.
D. It has succeeded in curing diseases like blindness.
15. What’s the best title for the text
A Can cells be controlled by sound
B. How is sonogenetics clinically used
C. Are gene delivery techniques available
D. What are applications of sonogenetics
第二节（共5小题；每小题25分，满分12.5分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
With a tough economy, it’s difficult to meet our employees’ expectation of salary increases. ____16____ Well, here are some important factors that help employees improve their work efficiency, in addition to money.
Recognizing a person’s strong contribution is important, which can take many forms. Examples include taking someone to lunch and letting them know how much you value their performance. You publicly recognize someone’s performance with details of what they did. ____17____ These should be done at annual events in the presence of their peers.
Another one is motivational climate. Take a look around at the work environment and do whatever you can to make it a more pleasant place. There are many ways to upgrade a working environment, which will be appreciated by employees working there long hours a day. ____18____ Make it clear that you’re doing this “in recognition of your strong contributions” until the business improves.
You can invite them to a party to simply celebrate their good work. Do some team-building exercises that are fun and motivating. Bounce some ideas off them of how to achieve your business goals. ____19____
____20____ To achieve this, keep your door open. Show your care about them. Take an interest in their families, their hobbies, and their development. Open up to them and listen more. Of course it takes time and effort to build good relationships with people. But it’s worth the investment.
A. Certificates of honor can even be presented.
B. How can we motivate them to keep dynamic
C. What can we do to have them stay on the job
D. Trustworthy people are far more likely to cooperate.
E. What can also inspire employees is trust and understanding.
F. Conduct group brainstorms about ways to increase sales figures.
G. If you aren’t sure what to do, ask your employees what they’d like.
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分。满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A, B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My grandmother is the woman who plays a significant role in my life. It’s particularly ____21____ because this is the first year of my life that she hasn’t been with us, but she continues to ____22____ me in so many ways.
She was a(n) ____23____ grandmother. She was the ____24____ of our family. She grew up in an era when women were not expected to have ____25____, but having left school in her teens due to poverty, she worked day and night to ____26____ a business with my grandfather, managing to save enough money to send my father to a good school.
She was famous for her ____27____, so everyone loved her cakes. She always got involved in social life and ____28____, spending 50 years of her life working for their local village committee. She ____29____ good memories, saying how she would keep them in her mind and get them out whenever she wanted the pleasure of recalling the past. She wouldn’t focus on _____30_____, though, saying that it “doesn’t do good to look back too much”.
We live in a time when women are _____31_____ to have it all. My grandmother, born in the 1920s, had it all before it was fashionable. The _____32_____, however, was that she never made it about her. She _____33_____ her life to other people and kept positive because of it.
She _____34_____ me to seek the good, not pay much attention to the bad and take an interest in something _____35_____. Thank you, Granny.
21. A. sad B. free C. special D. easy
22. A. remind B. hurt C. influence D. shock
23. A. delicate B. advanced C. humble D. devoted
24. A. servant B. center C. origin D. volunteer
25. A. morals B. education C. careers D. wealth
26. A. establish B. approach C. reserve D. control
27. A. taste B. design C. cooking D. training
28. A. backed down B. helped out C. broke down D. stood out
29 A. treasured B. erased C. generated D. upgraded
30. A. relationship B. hardship C. leadership D. friendship
31. A. scheduled B. forced C. chosen D. expected
32. A. difference B. feature C. possibility D. process
33. A. addicted B. compared C. exposed D. contributed
34. A. bothered B. threatened C. shaped D. promised
35. A. profitable B. positive C. strange D. romantic
第二节（共10小题；每小题15分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese archaeologists have unearthed a big bronze beast. It’s one of the most highly ____36____ (anticipate) treasures of the Sanxingdui Ruins. The bronze was discovered in July last year, but archaeologists successfully lifted it out of the pit a year later, ____37____ they were sorting out all other bronze objects piled on the top of the statue.
The bronze animal is the ____38____ (big) ever found in decades of digging at the Sanxingdui Ruins. It weighs around 150kg and has a large mouth, small waist, huge ears and four feet. A small human statue ____39____ (attach) to the creature’s head and appears ____40____ (ride) or controlling the animal. According to Zhao Hao, a Peking University archaeologist in charge of the pit that contained ____41____ object, all other bronze animals uncovered at the site in the 1980s measured around 20 to 30cm “But this one is very large in size, with height and width both ____42____ (measure) about one metre. It’s the only one at the whole site,” Zhao said.
The bronze beast can be seen as a cultural relic nonexistent before not just in China, ____43____ in the world. UNESCO sent ____44____ (congratulate) on the amazing new discovery through a video. Meanwhile, governors of Sichuan Province are preparing an application _____45_____ (include) Sanxingdui Ruins on the World Cultural Heritage List.
第四部分 写作（共两节；满分40分）
第一节（满分15分）
46. 假定你是李华，你班同学打算本周六下午在絮琅湖畔举办野餐活动。请你给外教Ella写封邮件，邀请地一起参加并共赏繁琅湖夜景。内容包括：
1. 具体安排：
2. 活动内容：
3. 期待回复。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear Ella,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Julia spent most days doing the cleaning in a commercial building with a fancy supermarket, a gym, a spa (温泉疗养中心), and a few fast food places. . It was fairly populated, and people often showed kindness to her.
She often bought loaves of old-day bread in the supermarket and the employees there were familiar with her. During her break time, she liked to observe people, especially families. Julia often saw a lady in the building. Usually the lady went to the gym first and then headed to the spa. Later, she’d come out dressed like a manager. One day, the woman took her kid with her. The little boy was no more than eight years old and didn’t look happy to be there with his mom.
“Jimmy, come on. I have to go to the gym now and hurry to get to work on time later,” the mother said in a rush.
The boy protested with a sad voice, “What am I going to do while you’re working out ” “Just sit still and read your book in the waiting area,” the mother replied.
“Can you at least buy me some candy You promised earlier,” the boy complained. “I don’t have time right now. Please hurry inside,” the mother answered.
Then the mother took the son’s hand and rushed into the gym. Julia witnessed this all and was reminded of her own similar busy life in the past. She was once also a young busy woman. Her personal and work-related matters always came first in her life. She failed to spare enough time for her son and attach enough importance to his wishes. When she realized her problems, it was too late. Her son lost his life in an accident, leaving her with deep sadness and regret. To make matters worse, her company went bankrupt (破产) soon after.
Reflecting on her past life, Julia had a thought. Though she was not wealthy, she wanted to do something nice for the boy: buy him a bar of chocolate.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Then Julia went inside the supermarket.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Smiling, Julia presented the chocolate bar to the boy.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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